Generalmente, cuando una máquina falla y no es reparada en un corto tiempo, perjudica económicamente a la empresa, ya que el equipo deja de producir durante ese tiempo. Esta demora sucede porque la empresa encargada del servicio postventa no logra atender de forma inmediata, ya que no cuenta con los repuestos necesarios para lograr reparar el equipo. Es por ello, que el proveedor de las piezas de repuestos debe tener disponible los componentes para así atender a sus clientes en el menor tiempo posible y evitar de esta forma el pago de penalidades por incumplimiento del servicio. En ese sentido, con la finalidad de que estos proveedores puedan abastecer a sus clientes oportunamente, es importante que analicen el patrón de la demanda de los ítems, ya que estas presentan demanda intermitente. Si bien es cierto, existe una amplia literatura sobre modelos de pronósticos para piezas de repuestos; sin embargo, estas presentan deficiencias ya que se basan en la venta histórica y no utilizan como datos de entrada el ciclo de vida del equipo. De esta forma, en el presente trabajo de investigación se analizó en el primer capítulo la fundamentación teórica, en el cual se discute el estado de arte. En el segundo capítulo se presenta el diagnóstico realizado al caso de estudio. En el tercer capítulo se presenta la propuesta de solución a nivel macro y micro. Finalmente, en el cuarto capítulo se analizó la validación, así como la viabilidad económica de la propuesta. / Generally, when a machine fails and is not repaired in a short time, it hurts the company financially, since the equipment stops producing during that time. This delay happens because the company in charge of the after-sales service fails to attend immediately, since it doesn’t have the necessary spare parts to repair the equipment. That is why the supplier of spare parts must have the components available to serve their customers in the shortest possible time and thus avoid paying penalties for breach of service. In that sense, for these suppliers to supply their customers in a timely manner, it is important that they analyze the pattern of demand for the items, since they present intermittent demand. While it is true, there is extensive literature on forecast models for spare parts; However, these have deficiencies because they are based on historical sales and don’t the equipment life cycle as input data. In this way, in the present research work the theoretical foundation was analyzed in the first chapter, in which the state of art is discussed. In the second chapter the diagnosis made to the case study is presented. In the third chapter the proposal for a macro and micro level solution is presented. Finally, in the fourth chapter the validation was analyzed, as well as the economic viability of the proposal. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

The impact of climate changes on various sectors of human activity and preparation of mitigation and adaptation measures are becoming an important subject of global policy, thus also the policy of the Czech Republic. According to the research results, the impact of climate changes on minimum discharges is very significant and indicates a threat to storage function of water sources, without adequate accumulation for period of drought. One of the ways of preventing or completely avoiding the appearance of these problems is the construction of new reservoirs or the re-evaluation of the size of the storage and protective capacity of existing reservoirs. In relation to climate changes and their impact on the water yield there is a growing need for the participation of operative control progressive methods of reservoir storage function today. The dissertation thesis is aimed at storage function of water management system. Aim of the dissertation work is to create program with graphical user interface, which allows solving the storage function of water management system. Program allows automatically set up optimization and simulation model of any water supply system and solve of optimal control and optimal development of the water supply system. The program was verified on the selected water supply subsystem.

[pt] O presente trabalho aborda o monitoramento remoto em tempo real de pessoas com Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar e sua interação com seus dispositivos móveis. Algumas abordagens na área da ciência da computação apresentam experiências para coletar informações subjetivas as quais podem ser usadas por especialistas em benefício de pessoas com necessidades específicas. Por outra parte, a fenotipagem digital é um campo de ciência multidisciplinar, usado para descrever uma nova abordagem para acompanhar a interação dos usuários com seu smartphone e poder mapear transtornos fazendo uso dos sensores do celular. Embora algumas pesquisas avaliem as vantagens dos aplicativos móveis para o tratamento das doenças mentais, na literatura não foi encontrada nenhuma solução que faça uso da análise do fenótipo digital e a visualização da informação em tempo real como marcadores de estado e traço de intervenção terapêutica não invasiva, ao detectar precocemente alterações nos padrões comportamentais dos pacientes. Neste trabalho, apresentamos o BraPolar, uma m-Health para monitoramento remoto de pacientes com Transtorno Afetivo Bipolar, apresentando em tempo real flutuações de humor e comportamentos nos participantes através da interação com seus dispositivos móveis. A fenotipagem digital coletada é apresentada aos especialistas em tempo real poderá ajudar a prever alterações no comportamento das pessoas antes que atinjam consequências funcionais extremas. Neste estudo, apresentamos avaliações de usabilidade piloto envolvendo seis usuários não portadores da doença e cinco especialistas para avaliar a percepção que tem do aplicativo. Apresentamos também um estudo longitudinal realizado durante um mês e avaliação em tempo real com especialistas das áreas de psicologia e psiquiatria. Finalmente, apresentamos o potencial de BraPolar no monitoramento remoto de pessoas com transtorno bipolar. / [en] This work addresses the real-time remote monitoring of people with Bipolar Affective Disorder and their interaction with their mobile devices. Some approaches in computer science present experiments for collecting subjective information that can be used by experts for the benefit of people with specific needs. On the other hand, digital phenotyping is a multidisciplinary field of science, used to describe a new approach to monitor user interaction withtheir smartphone and to map disturbances using cell phone sensors. Although, some research assesses the advantages of mobile applications for the treatment of mental illness but no solution has been found in the literature that makes use of digital phenotype analysis and real-time information visualization as state markers and non-invasive therapeutic intervention traits by early detection of changes in patients behavioral patterns. In this dissertation we present BraPolar, an m-Health for remote monitoring of patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder, featuring real-time fluctuations in mood and behavior in participants through interaction with their mobile devices. Collected digital phenotyping presented to real-time specialists can help predict changes in people s behavior before they reach extreme functional consequences. In this study, we present pilot usability assessments involving six non-disease users and five experts to assess their perception of the application. We also present a longitudinal study conducted over a month and real-time evaluation with experts in the fields of psychology and psychiatry. Finally, we present the potential of BraPolar in remote monitoring of people with bipolar disorder.

A comprehensive assessment of water security incorporates a range of water-related concepts, since water policy issues to specific technical aspects of hydrological conditions and their interactions with societal needs and ecosystem functioning. This doctoral thesis is organized into three chapters that address such range of water security-related topics, aiming to establish a conceptual baseline and propose deterministic and stochastic accounting frameworks for a river basin water security evaluation. Specific assumptions and research questions are defined in each chapter, and are related to the management of \'Cantareira water supply system\' (located in Southeastern Brazil), focusing on different scales and on its political and hydrological aspects as well. The first chapter acts as a conceptual baseline for water security assessment, by examining general aspects of the Brazilian water policy and water allocation system. This study contrasts Brazilian and American water management systems applied to water transfer projects, discussing experiences from the \'Cantareira system\' and Colorado river basin. A deterministic accounting framework is presented in the second chapter, which is based on management of blue and green water kinds (defined in accordance with hydrological processes and storage types), and demonstrates how a quantitative analysis of provisioning and use (abstraction and consumption) of both water kinds can be conducted. An agricultural basin (291 km²) within the Cantareira water supply system (located upstream of the Cachoeira reservoir) was used to illustrate this approach. The impact of blue and green water use on median water resources conditions is accounted by the scarcity indicator, while the vulnerability indicator considers the probability of low availability of water resources. In the third chapter quantifies and discusses the impacts of uncertainties on water security indicators (proposed in the chapter 2), based on a multi-model and resampling framework, that considers several uncertainty sources including those related to: i) observed streamflow data; ii) hydrological model structure; iii) residual analysis; iv) Environmental Flow Requirement methods; v) the definition of critical conditions for water provision; and vi) the critical demand imposed by human activities. Then, the uncertainty is propagated through different methodological arrangements applied to the same study basin of chapter 2. In brief, the first chapter indicates that both Brazilian and American water management system can potentially contribute to each other. In the second chapter, the Blue/Green water-based accounting framework reveal clear spatial and temporal patterns of water scarcity and vulnerability levels within the basin, thereby improving our understanding of how and where water-related threats to human and aquatic ecosystem security can arise (so called hot-spots). The third chapter provide a general method that can form basis for meaningful support to end-users facing water resource challenges by enabling them to incorporate a viable uncertainty analysis into a robust decision making process. Further investigation are proposed in each research step of this doctoral thesis. / A avaliação da segurança hídrica pode incorporar vários conceitos relacionados à água, desde aspectos da política de recursos hídricos até questões hidrológicas específicas e suas interações com a sociedade e ecossistemas. Esta tese de doutorado busca estabelecer uma base conceitual e propor esquemas metodológicos com base determinística e estocástica para avaliação da segurança hídrica de bacias hidrográficas. Objetivos específicos são definidos em cada capítulo e relacionam-se à gestão do \'Sistema Cantareira de abastecimento de água\' (localizado no Sudeste do Brasil), com foco em diferentes escalas, bem como aspectos políticos e hidrológicos. O primeiro capítulo é apresentado como baseline conceitual, examinando aspectos gerais da política de recursos hídricos e sistemas alocação de água. Este estudo compara sistemas de gestão aplicados a projetos de transposição de água inter/intra-bacias no Brasil e Estados Unidos, discutindo experiências do Sistema Cantareira e da bacia do rio Colorado. O segundo capítulo, por sua vez, propõe e analisa um esquema metodológico determinístico baseado na gestão das águas azul e verde (definidas de acordo com processos hidrológicos e unidades de armazenamento). Este estudo demonstra como uma análise quantitativa da provisão e utilização de ambos os tipos de água pode ser conduzida, propondo indicadores de escassez e vulnerabilidade hídrica. Esta abordagem foi aplicada em uma bacia agrícola (291 km²), localizada a montante do reservatório Cachoeira, que é integrante do Sistema Cantareira. O terceiro capítulo quantifica e analisa os impactos das incertezas sobre os indicadores de segurança hídrica propostos no capítulo 2, utilizando um esquema metodológico estocástico baseado em múltiplos modelos e reamostragem, que incorpora variadas fontes de incerteza, tais como: i) dados observados de vazão; ii) estrutura do modelo hidrológico; iii) análise de resíduos do modelo hidrológico; iv) estimativa de vazão ambiental; v) definição de condições críticas de provisão e vi) demanda hídrica. Em seguida, as incertezas são propagadas através de diferentes arranjos metodológicos aplicados na mesma bacia estudo do capítulo 2. Em conclusão, o primeiro capítulo sugere uma potencial troca de contribuições provenientes de ambos os sistemas de gestão brasileiro e americano. O segundo capítulo revela padrões espaciais e temporais dos resultados dos indicadores de escassez e vulnerabilidade, melhorando assim a compreensão de como e onde ameaças à segurança hídrica podem surgir. Por sua vez, a análise de incertezas desenvolvida no terceiro capítulo é capaz de gerar suporte a gestores de recursos hídricos e processo de tomada de decisões robustas. Recomendações específicas são geradas em cada capítulo da presente tese de doutorado.

abstract: The phrase water-energy nexus is commonly used to describe the inherent and critical interdependencies between the electric power system and the water supply systems (WSS). The key interdependencies between the two systems are the power plant’s requirement of water for the cooling cycle and the water system’s need of electricity for pumping for water supply. While previous work has considered the dependency of WSS on the electrical power, this work incorporates into an optimization-simulation framework, consideration of the impact of short and long-term limited availability of water and/or electrical energy. This research focuses on the water supply system (WSS) facet of the multi-faceted optimization and control mechanism developed for an integrated water – energy nexus system under U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) project 029013-0010 CRISP Type 2 – Resilient cyber-enabled electric energy and water infrastructures modeling and control under extreme mega drought scenarios. A water supply system (WSS) conveys water from sources (such as lakes, rivers, dams etc.) to the treatment plants and then to users via the water distribution systems (WDS) and/or water supply canal systems (WSCS). Optimization-simulation methodologies are developed for the real-time operation of water supply systems (WSS) under critical conditions of limited electrical energy and/or water availability due to emergencies such as extreme drought conditions, electric grid failure, and other severe conditions including natural and manmade disasters. The coupling between WSS and the power system was done through alternatively exchanging data between the power system and WSS simulations via a program control overlay developed in python. A new methodology for WDS infrastructural-operational resilience (IOR) computation was developed as a part of this research to assess the real-time performance of the WDS under emergency conditions. The methodology combines operational resilience and component level infrastructural robustness to provide a comprehensive performance assessment tool. The optimization-simulation and resilience computation methodologies developed were tested for both hypothetical and real example WDS and WSCS, with results depicting improved resilience for operations of the WSS under normal and emergency conditions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2019

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JurandirRMJ_DISSERT.pdf: 1054152 bytes, checksum: 95f074a057b6d2e03d6f4a8700465d95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The aquatic ecosystems can play a role as carbon-dioxide-source or carbon-dioxide-sink systems due to the high predominance of heterotrophic or autotrophic metabolism. The primary production can strongly affect the carbon balance (CO2) through the consumption of carbon dioxide in the photosynthesis, especially in eutrophic environment, acting as a carbon sink. The present study tested the hypothesis that the eutrophic reservoirs in tropical semi-arid region are carbon dioxide-sink systems due to the high primary productivity presented in these systems. Five Brazilian reservoirs from the semi-arid in the northeast region were monitored monthly during four years (2010 to 2013) with a prolonged drought event identified during the study. The results showed an increasing level of eutrophication over the period of prolonged drought, with the predominance of autotrophy. Significant negative correlations were observed between the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) (p<0,001) and chlorophyll-a in the Boqueir?o, Passagem das Tra?ras, Dourado and Gargalheiras reservoirs, showing a pattern of the carbon dioxide-sink systems. However, this pattern was not found in Cruzeta reservoir. In summary, in the tropical semi-arid region, hydrological and morphometric variables can lead to different behaviors of the water-supply reservoirs on the carbon metabolism. The eutrophic reservoirs evaluated showed a negative relationship between pCO2 and Chl-a, which suggests that these water bodies show an autotrophic metabolism and behave as carbon dioxide- sink systems / Os ecossistemas aqu?ticos podem atuar como emissores ou sequestradores de carbono em fun??o da predomin?ncia do metabolismo heterotr?fico ou autotr?fico. A produ??o prim?ria pode afetar fortemente o balan?o de carbono (CO2) atrav?s do consumo de di?xido de carbono na fotoss?ntese, especialmente em ambiente eutr?ficos, atuando como sumidouros. O presente estudo testou a hip?tese de que reservat?rios eutrofizados da regi?o tropical semi?rida s?o sequestradores de CO2 em fun??o da alta produtividade evidenciada nesses sistemas. Cinco reservat?rios da regi?o semi?rida do nordeste do Brasil foram monitorados mensalmente durante o per?odo de 2010 ? 2013, com um evento de seca prolongada identificado durante o estudo. Os resultados mostraram um crescente n?vel de eutrofiza??o ao longo do per?odo de seca prolongada com predomin?ncia de autotrofia. Foram observadas correla??es negativas significativas entre a press?o parcial de CO2 (pCO2) (p<0,001) e clorofila-a nos reservat?rios Boqueir?o, Passagem das Tra?ras, Dourado e Gargalheiras, evidenciando um padr?o de sequestro de CO2 desses sistemas. Por?m, este padr?o n?o foi encontrado no reservat?rio Cruzeta. Em s?ntese, na regi?o semi?rida tropical, as vari?veis hidrol?gicas e morfom?tricas podem direcionar diferentes comportamentos dos reservat?rios de abastecimento no metabolismo do carbono. Os reservat?rios eutrofizados avaliados apresentaram uma rela??o negativa entre pCO2 e Chl-a o que sugere que estes corpos h?dricos evidenciam um metabolismo autotr?fico e se comportam como sequestradores de CO2

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work has for motive to obtain the project and build of an assymmetrical three-phase induction generator connected to single-phase supply system, in order to be used in rural areas. This equipment has been presented as a better alternative in relation the others proposed more commercialized at the moment, due to its robustness, low cost, less maintenance requirements and excellent performance. Firstly, in the theoric part concerned to the system it is presented a mathematical representation, frequency domain mathematical model, whose equations are performed in function of an unbalance factor in order to obtain balance three-phase voltages in the system. Then, some simulations are performed in the simulator that was developed in the Microsoft Excel program. From these implements, it is carried out study cases to prove the assymmetrical three-phase induction generator use potentialities. A prototype is projected and built, which experimental results are compared to the computer result. / O objetivo deste trabalho é obter o projeto e a construção de um gerador de indução trifásico assimétrico conectado a um sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica monofásica; visando aplicá-lo em áreas rurais. Este dispositivo, em face de sua robustez, baixo custo, menores requisitos de manutenção e bom desempenho, consiste numa alternativa bastante atrativa em relação às outras propostas existentes atualmente. O estudo teórico inicia-se através da elaboração de uma modelagem matemática para o sistema, no domínio da freqüência, cujas equações são colocadas em função de um fator indicativo do nível de desbalanceamento, visando à obtenção de tensões balanceadas na carga. Para tanto, a modelagem matemática elaborada é implementada num simulador desenvolvido no programa Microsoft Excel. A partir desta implementação, são efetuados estudos de casos no sentido de evidenciar as potencialidades do gerador assimétrico conectado a cargas rurais. Os trabalhos computacionais são devidamente validados à luz de resultados experimentais extraídos de um protótipo de equipamento concebido, projetado e construído para fins deste trabalho. / Mestre em Ciências

A comprehensive assessment of water security incorporates a range of water-related concepts, since water policy issues to specific technical aspects of hydrological conditions and their interactions with societal needs and ecosystem functioning. This doctoral thesis is organized into three chapters that address such range of water security-related topics, aiming to establish a conceptual baseline and propose deterministic and stochastic accounting frameworks for a river basin water security evaluation. Specific assumptions and research questions are defined in each chapter, and are related to the management of \'Cantareira water supply system\' (located in Southeastern Brazil), focusing on different scales and on its political and hydrological aspects as well. The first chapter acts as a conceptual baseline for water security assessment, by examining general aspects of the Brazilian water policy and water allocation system. This study contrasts Brazilian and American water management systems applied to water transfer projects, discussing experiences from the \'Cantareira system\' and Colorado river basin. A deterministic accounting framework is presented in the second chapter, which is based on management of blue and green water kinds (defined in accordance with hydrological processes and storage types), and demonstrates how a quantitative analysis of provisioning and use (abstraction and consumption) of both water kinds can be conducted. An agricultural basin (291 km²) within the Cantareira water supply system (located upstream of the Cachoeira reservoir) was used to illustrate this approach. The impact of blue and green water use on median water resources conditions is accounted by the scarcity indicator, while the vulnerability indicator considers the probability of low availability of water resources. In the third chapter quantifies and discusses the impacts of uncertainties on water security indicators (proposed in the chapter 2), based on a multi-model and resampling framework, that considers several uncertainty sources including those related to: i) observed streamflow data; ii) hydrological model structure; iii) residual analysis; iv) Environmental Flow Requirement methods; v) the definition of critical conditions for water provision; and vi) the critical demand imposed by human activities. Then, the uncertainty is propagated through different methodological arrangements applied to the same study basin of chapter 2. In brief, the first chapter indicates that both Brazilian and American water management system can potentially contribute to each other. In the second chapter, the Blue/Green water-based accounting framework reveal clear spatial and temporal patterns of water scarcity and vulnerability levels within the basin, thereby improving our understanding of how and where water-related threats to human and aquatic ecosystem security can arise (so called hot-spots). The third chapter provide a general method that can form basis for meaningful support to end-users facing water resource challenges by enabling them to incorporate a viable uncertainty analysis into a robust decision making process. Further investigation are proposed in each research step of this doctoral thesis. / A avaliação da segurança hídrica pode incorporar vários conceitos relacionados à água, desde aspectos da política de recursos hídricos até questões hidrológicas específicas e suas interações com a sociedade e ecossistemas. Esta tese de doutorado busca estabelecer uma base conceitual e propor esquemas metodológicos com base determinística e estocástica para avaliação da segurança hídrica de bacias hidrográficas. Objetivos específicos são definidos em cada capítulo e relacionam-se à gestão do \'Sistema Cantareira de abastecimento de água\' (localizado no Sudeste do Brasil), com foco em diferentes escalas, bem como aspectos políticos e hidrológicos. O primeiro capítulo é apresentado como baseline conceitual, examinando aspectos gerais da política de recursos hídricos e sistemas alocação de água. Este estudo compara sistemas de gestão aplicados a projetos de transposição de água inter/intra-bacias no Brasil e Estados Unidos, discutindo experiências do Sistema Cantareira e da bacia do rio Colorado. O segundo capítulo, por sua vez, propõe e analisa um esquema metodológico determinístico baseado na gestão das águas azul e verde (definidas de acordo com processos hidrológicos e unidades de armazenamento). Este estudo demonstra como uma análise quantitativa da provisão e utilização de ambos os tipos de água pode ser conduzida, propondo indicadores de escassez e vulnerabilidade hídrica. Esta abordagem foi aplicada em uma bacia agrícola (291 km²), localizada a montante do reservatório Cachoeira, que é integrante do Sistema Cantareira. O terceiro capítulo quantifica e analisa os impactos das incertezas sobre os indicadores de segurança hídrica propostos no capítulo 2, utilizando um esquema metodológico estocástico baseado em múltiplos modelos e reamostragem, que incorpora variadas fontes de incerteza, tais como: i) dados observados de vazão; ii) estrutura do modelo hidrológico; iii) análise de resíduos do modelo hidrológico; iv) estimativa de vazão ambiental; v) definição de condições críticas de provisão e vi) demanda hídrica. Em seguida, as incertezas são propagadas através de diferentes arranjos metodológicos aplicados na mesma bacia estudo do capítulo 2. Em conclusão, o primeiro capítulo sugere uma potencial troca de contribuições provenientes de ambos os sistemas de gestão brasileiro e americano. O segundo capítulo revela padrões espaciais e temporais dos resultados dos indicadores de escassez e vulnerabilidade, melhorando assim a compreensão de como e onde ameaças à segurança hídrica podem surgir. Por sua vez, a análise de incertezas desenvolvida no terceiro capítulo é capaz de gerar suporte a gestores de recursos hídricos e processo de tomada de decisões robustas. Recomendações específicas são geradas em cada capítulo da presente tese de doutorado.

Bakgrund: Under de senaste decennierna har industriell logistik fått en allt viktigare roll för att ge företag konkurrensfördelar på den globala marknaden. För att uppnå ökad effektivitet i logistikfunktionen kan konfigurationen av ett internt materialförsörjningssystem ha en betydande inverkan på minimering av icke värdeadderande aktiviteter. Det finns flera principer för intern materialförsörjning, hur dessa appliceras har en signifikant påverkan i en industriell miljö. Valet mellan olika system kännetecknas av en överhängande komplexitet där tillverkningsindustrier byter fram och tillbaka flera gånger. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att föreslå ett ramverk för utveckling av interna materialförsörjningssystem gällande svetsprocess inom metallbearbetning. Genomförande: Studien är genomförd som en enfallsstudie på Hörle Automatic. Där studiens tillvägagångsätt har varit att identifiera icke värdeadderade aktiviteter i fallföretagets interna materialförsörjningssystem till svetsprocessen. För att därefter utveckla deras nuvarande system för att minimera identifierade aktiviteter. Utifrån detta har ett ramverk konstruerats som belyser faktor som ska tas i beaktning vid utveckling av ett internt materialförsörjningssystem. Empiriskt material har samlats in genom intervjuer, observationer, fokusgrupper och arkivmaterial. För att möjliggöra identifiering av icke värdeadderande aktiviteter har en processkartläggning upprättats. Fortsättningsvis har det genomförts tester gällande förslag på arbetssätt som utvecklats. Resultat/Diskussion: Ett ramverk har konstruerats som belyser elva olika faktorer som ska tas i beaktning vid utveckling av ett internt materialförsörjningsystem. Det är faktorer relaterade till produktionsvariation, detaljspecifikation, layout, leverantörer och kommunikation. Slutsats: Det har identifierats totalt 18 icke värdeadderande aktiviteter gällande Hörle Automatics interna materialförsörjningssystem till svetsprocessen. Utvecklingen av det interna materialförsörjningssystemet enligt förslag eliminerar en del icke värdeadderande aktiviteterna som identifierats. Resterande aktiviteter minskas genom utvecklingen av en materialförsörjningsprocess som möjliggör en ny layout och att mer kostnadseffektiv personal utför de icke värdeadderande aktiviteterna / Background: Over the past decades, industrial logistics has gained an increasingly important role in giving companies a competitive edge in the global market. To achieve increased efficiency in the logistics function, the configuration of an internal materials supply system may have a significant impact on minimizing non-value added activities. There are several principles for internal materials supply system, how these are applied have a great impact on it’s industrial environment. The choice between different systems is characterized by an complexity where manufacturing industries change back and forth several times. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to propose a framework for the development of internal materials supply systems in the welding process within metalworking. Methodology: This is a case study at Hörle Automatic. The study approach has been to identify non-value adding activities in the case company's internal materials supply system to the welding process. And after that develop their current system to minimize identified activities. Based on this, a framework has been designed to highlight the factors to be taken into account when developing an internal materials supply system. Empirical material has been collected through interviews, observations, focus groups and archival material. To enable identification of nonvalue-adding activities, a process mapping has been established. Furthermore, tests have been carried out regarding internal materials supply processes to strengthen the author's proposal. Result/Discussion: The result of the study is a framework including eleven factors that companies should take into account when developing an internal materials supply system. The framework involves factors regarding, production variation, item specification, layout, suppliers, and communication. Conclusion: A total of 18 non-value adding activities was identified regarding Hörle Automatic's internal materials supply system in their welding process. The development of the internal materials supply system as proposed eliminates some of the identified nonvalue-adding activities performed by welding operators. The remaining activities are reduced through a new layout and that usage of more cost-effective personnel.

Purpose - What influences the choice of material supply systems as well as how the design of the systems influences the efficiency of the assembly is substantially important. This because the target audience of the study; manufacturing companies whom applies any kind of material supply system, must be able to achieve and maintain a social and economic sustainability. Thus, the study aims to: Increase knowledge of how the choice and arrangement of material supply affects the efficiency of assembly. The purpose has been broken down into three research questions: 1.      Which is the most suitable material supply system depending on various types of factors? 2.     How does the material supply system affect the efficiency of the assembly process? 3.     How should material supply systems be adapted for an efficient assembly process? Method - The purpose of the study and the research questions are based on the problem description that was formulated. An abductive approach has characterized the case study work process. The literature review has formulated by a review of previous research and has together with the data collection methods: interviews, observations and document studies, formed the analysis. In order to provide answers to the study’s research questions, collected data was compared to previous research, in order to find similarities or differences. Result - The choice of material supply system is mainly influenced by applied production strategy, production system and the setup of the assembly. It doesn’t matter how the choice has been made unless a well-functioning information system exists, in terms of efficiency of the assembly. Walking distances as well as the location of components and how they are introduced to the assembler, should also be considered in the design of the material supply systems. That is important due to the value-adding activities performed at the assembly station. Several problems have been identified with the use of Lean tools which contributed to formulated improvement suggestions. Implications – The theoretical contributions of the study covers the inadequate theory that was found when connecting production strategies with the advantages and disadvanatges of material supply systems. Also, most of the theories emphasize how efficiency in assembly lines can be improved with the use of material supply systems, but there is limited information how the design of material supply systems affects the efficiency of assemblers in production cells. Empirically, the study contributes with different stages where various issues and wastes have been identified based on the presentation and the arrangement of the material supply systems. This increases the opportunity to prioritize the issues which should be based on the stages that includes most waste. Likewise, the choice of material supply system can be used as guidelines to find out when each system is most suitable. Limitations - Since data has been collected from only one company, the study's validity can be questioned. In addition, an abductive approach made the study complex as well as time-consuming and contributed to that the intended use of economic models was defaulted. / Syfte – Valet av materialförsörjningssystem påverkas i första hand av olika faktorer. Därtill är systemens utformning av betydelse för monteringens effektivitet. Detta för att studiens målgrupp; tillverkande företag där någon form av materialförsörjningssystem tillämpas ska kunna uppnå och bibehålla en social- samt ekonomisk hållbarhet. Därmed är studiens syfte att: Öka förståelsen för hur valet samt utformningen av materialförsörjningssystem påverkar effektiviteten i montering. Syftet har sedan brutits ned i tre frågeställningar: 1.      Vilket är det mest lämpade materialförsörjningssystemet beroende på olika          påverkansfaktorer? 2.     Hur påverkas materialförsörjningssystem monteringsprocessen effektivitet? 3.     Hur bör materialförsörjningssystem anpassas för en effektiv monteringsprocess? Metod – Studiens syfte samt frågeställningar är baserade på den problemformulering vilken definierades i enlighet med fallföretagets önskemål. En abduktiv ansats har präglat enfallsstudiens arbetsprocess. Litteraturöversikten har formats genom granskning av tidigare forskning och har tillsammans med datainsamlingsmetoderna: intervjuer, observationer samt dokumentstudier utgjort analysavsnittet. För att kunna ge svar på studiens frågeställningar jämfördes insamlad data med tidigare forskning, för att hitta likheter alternativt skillnader. Resultat – Valet av materialförsörjningssystem påverkas främst av respektive produktionsstrategi, produktionssystem samt produktionsupplägg. Det är oväsentligt sett till monteringens effektivitet, hur valet genomförts om inte ett välfungerande informationssystem existerar. Därtill bör hänsyn även tas till gångavstånd samt lokalisering av komponenter vid utformandet av materialförsörjningssystemens upplägg samt presentation. Detta då monteringens värdeskapande arbete ska kunna uppnå största möjliga effektivitet. Flertalet problem identifierades med hjälp av Lean-verktyg vilket möjliggjorde att förbättringsförslag lämnades. Implikationer – Studiens teoretiska bidrag behandlar kopplingen mellan applicerad produktionsstrategi samt materialförsörjningssystemens för- och nackdelar, vilket under studiens arbetsprocess visat sig vara bristfälligt. Likaså framhäver merparten av teorierna hur monteringens effektivitet påverkas i ett line-utformat produktionsupplägg, varav paralleller mellan grupporganiserat produktionsupplägg samt materialförsörjningssystem även utgör studiens teoretiska bidrag. Empiriskt sett bidrar studien med att materialförsörjningens presentation och upplägg delats upp i olika steg där diverse problem samt slösersier identifierats, vilket ökar möjligheterna kring att prioritera bland mest väsentliga problem. Prioriteringen bör utgå från steget, där flest slöserier återfinns. Likaså bidrar valet av materialförsörjningssystem med en guidning kring när respektive system är mest lämpligt att använda. Begränsningar – Då det insamlats data från endast ett företag kan studiens generaliserbarhet ifrågasättas. Dessutom innebar en abduktiv ansats att studien varit komplex samt tidskrävande och bidrog till att nyttjandet av tilltänkta ekonomiska modeller uteblev.