La représentation que se font les patients souffrant d’un trouble de personnalité limite (TPL) de leur expérience de tristesse est un domaine de recherche important tant pour la conceptualisation du trouble que pour son traitement. Ces patients sont connus pour vivre une grande détresse qui se manifeste à travers divers symptômes (Bland, Williams, Scharer, & Manning, 2004). Un nombre élevé de patients présentant un TPL se suicident (Paris, 2002), font au moins une tentative de suicide au cours de leur vie (Oldham, 2006) et s’automutilent (p.ex., Brown, Williams, & Collins, 2007). La recherche sur la souffrance du TPL s’entend sur un paradoxe : ces patients souffrent beaucoup, mais ils vivent peu de tristesse. Leur souffrance prend une forme distincte en qualité, celle-ci demandant à être davantage étudiée empiriquement et théoriquement. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’explorer la représentation de la tristesse de participants souffrant d’un TPL. Alors qu’à notre connaissance aucune étude n’a encore poursuivi cet objectif spécifique, différentes pistes de réflexion ont été soulevées dans la documentation scientifique pour expliquer la nature de la souffrance du TPL en ce qui a trait au tempérament, au fonctionnement mental, à la dépression, à l’organisation de la personnalité et aux événements traumatiques. La première étude de cette thèse vise à réfléchir théoriquement et cliniquement à la tristesse, afin d’en raffiner la définition, entre autres par opposition à la détresse. Elle propose une distinction tant au plan métapsychologique que phénoménologique de ces deux expériences, en se basant sur des théories évolutionnistes des émotions et sur différentes conceptions psychanalytiques du fonctionnement mental et des relations objectales. Une vignette clinique illustre cette réflexion. La seconde étude vise à explorer, par une démarche qualitative, les principaux thèmes abordés par des participants souffrant d’un TPL lorsqu’ils racontent des épisodes de tristesse. Sept participants avec un diagnostic de TPL évalué à l’aide du SCID-II (First, Gibbon, Spitzer, & Williams, 1997) ont participé à une entrevue semi-dirigée visant le rappel de deux épisodes relationnels de tristesse. Suivant la méthode d’analyse phénoménologique interprétative (Smith, 1996), une analyse thématique de quatorze épisodes de tristesse a été effectuée conjointement par deux candidates au doctorat pour décrire la représentation de la tristesse de ces participants. Cinq thèmes ont été identifiés : 1) agression, 2) relation brisée par l’autre, 3) affectivité négative indifférenciée, 4) soi défectueux et 5) débordement. Les résultats suggèrent que la représentation de la tristesse du TPL n’est pas associée à la perte, mais plutôt à l’impression d’avoir été endommagé par une attaque infligée par quelqu’un d’autre. Il s’agit d’une expérience peu mentalisée que l’individu semble tenter de réguler dans la sphère interpersonnelle. Cette expérience ne représenterait pas de la tristesse à proprement parler. Les conclusions ont permis d’élaborer une nouvelle hypothèse de recherche : l’expérience de tristesse des patients souffrant d’un TPL ne correspond pas à la tristesse proprement dite, mais à une forme de détresse interpersonnelle impliquant à la fois des déficits du fonctionnement mental et une organisation particulière de la personnalité. Les implications cliniques et théoriques sont discutées. / The exploration of the phenomenology of sadness in patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is relevant to the understanding of the pathology and to its treatment. BPD patients tend to experience distress intensely and frequently, and inefficient attempts at regulating this emotional experience is known to be associated with symptoms, such as suicidal or parasuicidal gestures (Bland, Williams, Scharer, & Manning, 2004; Brown, Williams, & Collins, 2007; Oldham, 2006; Paris, 2002). The literature on psychological suffering in BPD reveals an apparent contradiction: these patients experience a large amount of suffering, but they appear to not experience sadness. The nature of their suffering seems to be distinct from sadness, and has yet to be more fully explored empirically and theoretically. The present thesis aims at exploring the phenomenology of sadness in BPD. To our knowledge, no research has specifically attempted to investigate this particular topic, but some etiological pathways for understanding BPD suffering have been explored: temperament, mental functioning, depression, personality organization and traumatic events. The first study proposes a theoretical and clinical investigation of the concept of sadness and defines it in opposition to distress. This distinction between sadness and distress focuses on phenomenological and metapsychological perspectives, and is in line with evolutionary theories of emotion and psychoanalytic formulations on mental functioning and object relationships. A case study illustrates this investigation. The second study aims at exploring the phenomenology of sadness through an investigation of the major themes that BPD participants talk about when they are asked to recall episodes of sadness. Seven individuals with a diagnosis of BPD on the SCID-II (First, Gibbon, Spitzer, & Williams, 1997) participated in a semi-structured interview. Following the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis principles (Smith, 1996), a thematic analysis of 14 transcripts was performed by two doctoral students in order to outline the representation of sadness of BPD participants. Five themes were found: 1) aggression, 2) relationship broken off by the other, 3) undifferentiated negative affect, 4) self being defective, and 5) overwhelming experience. The results suggest that ‘sadness’ in those episodes is not associated with a representation of loss, but with a state of being ‘damaged’ by the aggression and/or the breaking off of the relationship inflicted by the other. This is a non-mentalized experience that the participants tend to regulate in the interpersonal field. This experience should not be conceptualized as sadness proper. In conclusion, a new hypothesis emerges: the experience of sadness for BPD patients is not really sadness, but a form of interpersonally-focused distress. This emotional experience is characterized by a deficit in mental functioning and by a particular personality organization. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.

No description available.

A dor crônica é um importante problema de saúde pública contemporâneo, assim como a crescente demanda por serviços de saúde e recursos tecnológicos para a abordagem das diversas dimensões envolvidas na incapacidade e no sofrimento resultante. Nos últimos anos, o estudo da dor e da depressão tem contribuído com mudanças profundas na compreensão da dinâmica e complexidade do sistema nervoso; tem impulsionado o reconhecimento da importância das dimensões sócio-culturais e psíquicas na experiência e expressão do fenômeno doloroso, além de ter proporcionado a diversificação de recursos terapêuticos mobilizados nesse cuidado. Essa realidade instigadora foi despertando o interesse em aprofundar os conhecimentos nessa área, de modo que a realização desta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar a dor crônica no contexto contemporâneo e sua relação com sintomas depressivos. Para a pesquisa de campo, elegemos cinco pacientes diagnosticados como portadores de dor crônica e depressão, encaminhados pela equipe médica de uma Clínica da Dor da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, os quais foram acompanhados através da escuta terapêutica, com um encontro semanal, com duração de cinqüenta minutos, por um período de até dez meses. Os dados coletados foram analisados e interpretados, a partir do referencial psicanalítico, considerando a relação entre a linguagem somática do corpo na dor crônica e na depressão, compreendendo sua dimensão psíquica no contexto de suas histórias de vida. Entre os resultados encontrados, destacaram-se o sentimento de desamparo e a demanda por cuidado, a convocação do corpo no processo de elaboração psíquica, a necessidade de reconhecimento através da experiência dolorosa, as vivências marcantes de perdas, interferências na dinâmica familiar e os benefícios secundários dos sintomas dolorosos. O traço depressivo e o caráter paralisante da dor estiveram presentes em todos os participantes, identificados através de aspectos como isolamento social, improdutividade, sentimento de vazio, pulsão de morte, baixa auto-estima, sentimento de desesperança e aceitação do papel de ser doente como característica de sua auto-identificação. Dessa forma, esperando ter contribuído para o aprofundamento da temática abordada, podemos concluir que, apesar das controvérsias na relação dor crônica/corpo deprimido, a dor esteve sempre associada à depressão / Chronicle pain is an important contemporary public health problem, as well as the increasing demand for health care services and technological resources to improve the approach of several factors involved in the consequential incapacity and suffering. In the last years, the study of pain and depression has contributed to deep changes in the comprehension of the nervous system dynamics and complexity; it has raised the recognition of the importance of social, cultural and psychological factors for the experience and expression of pain, and, besides that, it has diversified therapeutic care resources. This exciting reality has raised the interest to deepen the knowledge in this area and, therefore, the research had as main objective to investigate chronicle pain and its relation to depressive symptoms in the contemporary context. For fieldwork, we have elected five patients with chronicle pain and depression diagnosis, who were sent by the medical team of a Pain Clinic in João Pessoa city, Paraíba state. They were monitored through a therapeutic listening weekly, with fifty minutes for each session, for up to ten months. Collected data were analyzed and interpreted from a psychoanalytical perspective, considering the body somatic language in chronicle pain and in depression, trying to understand psychological factors in the context of these peoples life stories. Among several results, it is possible to highlight feelings of abandonment and the need for care, the involvement of the body in the process of psychological elaboration, the need for recognition through the experience of pain, marked losses, interferences in family dynamics and secondary benefits of painful symptoms. The depressive trace and the paralyzing character of pain were present in all participants, identified through aspects such as social isolation, unproductiveness, and feelings of emptiness, death drive, low self-esteem, hopelessness and acceptance of the sick person role as characteristic of self-identification. In this way, we expect to contribute to deepen this thematic and we can conclude that, despite the chronicle pain/depressive body controversial relation, pain has always been associated to/with depression

This research aims to identify the conception of education in the movie Tristeza do Jeca , as well as its relevance to the history of education in Brazil. The time frame of the research is anchored in the period 1950-1961, a period that goes from the character\'s first appearance on screen Jeca until the release of the film in question . The relevance of the study is guided by the reflection of existing elements in this work as satyrs propagator feature key factors for building a period of Brazil\'s history process. To do so , the problematic part of the following questions : What is Cinema ? Is the Brazilian (political economic, social and cultural) context presented in this work? How does this film contributes to the understanding of the Brazilian educational culture in the 1950s and 1960s? What is the concept of education that permeates? How is represented the conflict between urban and rural cultural practices within the defined period? It is, thus, a qualitative research, documentary stamp, based on the query and analysis filmography Mazzaropi. The paper is organized into three chapters. Initially, we situate the contribution of the film \'s Sadness Jeca for the History of Education, specifically the education that is independent of formal learning institutions. Then, if contextualized historical conditions, political, economic, social and cultural rights in Brazil in the 1950s and 1960s, drawing a parallel between this historical period and Jeca , central character of this film. Furthermore, we discussed the thought of Paulo Freire, in order to defend the idea that our object is an instrument of popular education. Still in this chapter we analyze the educational legislation and the quantitative and qualitative aspects of Brazilian education in bounded time frame for us. Issues related to the analysis of the film Sadness of Jeca and the freireanas categories and the popular education in the perspective of this work were depeloped in the last section. As a result, it was found that the film Sadnessof Jeca is a mechanism for popular education, it publishes political and socio-cultural practices of their public education, with the development of critical- reflective consciousness. When viewing the socioeconomic context of the development of capitalist practices and social injustices that made up the Brazilian society in the decades since bounded, show a political base that encourages dialogue instead of silence that a large part of the Brazilian people was submitted, stressing that freedom is an achievement that men and women who are able to resist and defend its values and ideals. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar a concepção de educação presente no filme Tristeza do Jeca, assim como sua relevância para a História da Educação no Brasil. O recorte temporal da pesquisa ancora-se no período de 1950 a 1961, período que vai da primeira aparição do personagem Jeca nas telas até o lançamento do filme em questão. A relevância do estudo está pautada na reflexão dos elementos sátiros existentes nessa obra como recurso propagador de fatores decisivos para processo de construção de um período da história do Brasil. Para tanto, a problematização parte das seguintes questões: O que é cinema? Que contexto político-econômico e sociocultural brasileiro é apresentado nessa obra? Como essa película contribui para a compreensão da cultura educacional brasileira nas décadas de 1950 e 1960? Qual é o conceito de educação que a permeia? Como é configurado o conflito entre as práticas culturais urbanas e as rurais no período delimitado? Trata-se, dessa forma, de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de cunho documental, pautada na consulta e análise do filme Tristeza do Jeca. O trabalho está organizado em três capítulos. Inicialmente, situamos a contribuição do filme Tristeza do Jeca para a História da Educação, especificamente, a educação que ocorre independente das instituições formais de ensino. Em seguida, contextualizaram-se os condicionantes históricos, políticos, econômicos, sociais e culturais do Brasil nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, traçando um paralelo entre esse período histórico e o Jeca, personagem central desse filme. Além disso, discutimos o pensamento de Paulo Freire, com o intuito de defender a concepção de que nosso objeto é instrumento de educação popular. Ainda nessa parte analisamos a legislação educacional e os aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos da educação brasileira no recorte temporal delimitado por nós. As questões relacionadas à análise do filme Tristeza do Jeca, as categorias freireanas e a educação popular na perspectiva dessa obra, foram desenvolvidas na última seção . Como resultado, constatou-se que o filme Tristeza do Jeca é um mecanismo de educação popular, pois divulga práticas de formação política e sociocultural ao seu público, com o desenvolvimento da consciência crítico-reflexiva. Ao exibir o contexto socioeconômico de desenvolvimento das práticas capitalistas e das injustiças sociais que compunham a sociedade brasileira nas décadas já delimitadas, expõe uma base política que estimula o diálogo em detrimento do silêncio a que grande parte do povo brasileiro estava submetido, salientando que a liberdade é uma conquista e que homens e mulheres, que são capazes de resistir e defender seus valores e ideais. / Mestre em Educação

Notes on the productivity of nostalgia is a treatise on otherness and memory, framed as entries into the notebook of a no-longer-young man who decides to visit places that have a nostalgic connection to him - places where he grew up, and places where he fell in love -and who is trying to overhaul the notion that you can't look back and move forward at the same time. / [I examensarbetet ingår utställningen "Little father, glorious stump":] The exam work consisted of a three-room installation of sculptural objects, activated by a live sound performance, as well as a 3D animation projected unto one wall of the gallery. / <p>Examensarbetet består av en skriftlig del och en gestaltande del. Alternativ titel anger namnet förden gestaltande delen. </p><p>The master work includes a written essay and a forming part. The alternative title is the name of the forming part.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_maria_do_socorro.pdf: 18486072 bytes, checksum: a3368ec9c3928dfeadbdfb93f006a4fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-31 / Chronicle pain is an important contemporary public health problem, as well as the increasing demand for health care services and technological resources to improve the approach of several factors involved in the consequential incapacity and suffering. In the last years, the study of pain and depression has contributed to deep changes in the comprehension of the nervous system dynamics and complexity; it has raised the recognition of the importance of social, cultural and psychological factors for the experience and expression of pain, and, besides that, it has diversified therapeutic care resources. This exciting reality has raised the interest to deepen the knowledge in this area and, therefore, the research had as main objective to investigate chronicle pain and its relation to depressive symptoms in the contemporary context. For fieldwork, we have elected five patients with chronicle pain and depression diagnosis, who were sent by the medical team of a Pain Clinic in João Pessoa city, Paraíba state. They were monitored through a therapeutic listening weekly, with fifty minutes for each session, for up to ten months. Collected data were analyzed and interpreted from a psychoanalytical perspective, considering the body somatic language in chronicle pain and in depression, trying to understand psychological factors in the context of these people s life stories. Among several results, it is possible to highlight feelings of abandonment and the need for care, the involvement of the body in the process of psychological elaboration, the need for recognition through the experience of pain, marked losses, interferences in family dynamics and secondary benefits of painful symptoms. The depressive trace and the paralyzing character of pain were present in all participants, identified through aspects such as social isolation, unproductiveness, and feelings of emptiness, death drive, low self-esteem, hopelessness and acceptance of the sick person role as characteristic of self-identification. In this way, we expect to contribute to deepen this thematic and we can conclude that, despite the chronicle pain/depressive body controversial relation, pain has always been associated to/with depression / A dor crônica é um importante problema de saúde pública contemporâneo, assim como a crescente demanda por serviços de saúde e recursos tecnológicos para a abordagem das diversas dimensões envolvidas na incapacidade e no sofrimento resultante. Nos últimos anos, o estudo da dor e da depressão tem contribuído com mudanças profundas na compreensão da dinâmica e complexidade do sistema nervoso; tem impulsionado o reconhecimento da importância das dimensões sócio-culturais e psíquicas na experiência e expressão do fenômeno doloroso, além de ter proporcionado a diversificação de recursos terapêuticos mobilizados nesse cuidado. Essa realidade instigadora foi despertando o interesse em aprofundar os conhecimentos nessa área, de modo que a realização desta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar a dor crônica no contexto contemporâneo e sua relação com sintomas depressivos. Para a pesquisa de campo, elegemos cinco pacientes diagnosticados como portadores de dor crônica e depressão, encaminhados pela equipe médica de uma Clínica da Dor da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, os quais foram acompanhados através da escuta terapêutica, com um encontro semanal, com duração de cinqüenta minutos, por um período de até dez meses. Os dados coletados foram analisados e interpretados, a partir do referencial psicanalítico, considerando a relação entre a linguagem somática do corpo na dor crônica e na depressão, compreendendo sua dimensão psíquica no contexto de suas histórias de vida. Entre os resultados encontrados, destacaram-se o sentimento de desamparo e a demanda por cuidado, a convocação do corpo no processo de elaboração psíquica, a necessidade de reconhecimento através da experiência dolorosa, as vivências marcantes de perdas, interferências na dinâmica familiar e os benefícios secundários dos sintomas dolorosos. O traço depressivo e o caráter paralisante da dor estiveram presentes em todos os participantes, identificados através de aspectos como isolamento social, improdutividade, sentimento de vazio, pulsão de morte, baixa auto-estima, sentimento de desesperança e aceitação do papel de ser doente como característica de sua auto-identificação. Dessa forma, esperando ter contribuído para o aprofundamento da temática abordada, podemos concluir que, apesar das controvérsias na relação dor crônica/corpo deprimido, a dor esteve sempre associada à depressão

Background: The fundamental aim of utilizing a message strategy is to develop advertising content that captures consumer attention and thereby generates favourable consumer behaviour. Two common approaches in advertising are (i) emotional appeals and (ii) rational appeals. Literature has found emotional appeals to be the superior alternative, but are yet to fully grasp the dynamics of the different emotional appeals as several researchers have called for further establishment and knowledge in the area. In this study, a new approach to emotional appeals has been taken in terms of including a wider range of emotions than has been previously done, and the aim is therethrough to receive a more nuanced and complete understanding of the phenomenon emotional appeals. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explain the different effects of emotional message appeals on purchase intention. Methodology: This study utilized an explanatory purpose along with a deductive, quantitative research approach, as well as a cross-sectional research design to test a conceptual model based on six hypotheses. The data collection method was completed through the distribution of a self-administered questionnaire in various online forums. The questionnaire received 212 valid responses. Findings: The hypotheses for four out of the six basic emotions were tested. The Happiness appeal showed to have the most positive effect on purchase intention (0.412), whilst Fear (0.269) and Sadness (0.273) also displayed positive tendencies, even though the Sadness appeal had been hypothesized to have negative effects on purchase intention. Furthermore, the Disgust appeal was - as hypothesized - suggested to have a negative influence on purchase intention (-0.277). The Surprise and Anger appeals displayed insignificant F-values and could thereby not be further investigated. Conclusion: Based on the four remaining emotions an adjusted conceptual model was presented in which one can observe the varying effects of emotional message appeals on purchase intention. This model can be valuable for marketers and marketing practitioners looking to apply emotional appeals as part of their marketing strategies, as well as to researchers looking to more fully understand the dynamics of emotions and emotional appeals in marketing contexts. Last, this study calls for further establishment within the field of emotional appeals in terms of gathering insights into the fluidity of emotions. / <p>Appendix 3 is in a separate file.</p>

No description available.

Die zentrale Frage der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, unter welchen Umständen sich altersbezogene Gewinne oder Verluste im Umgang mit den eigenen Emotionen zeigen. Auf Basis bedeutsamer Theorien emotionalen Alterns wurden Vertrautheit und Relevanz einer Situation als bedeutsame Kontextfaktoren identifiziert, und in drei Studien wurde die Wirkung dieser Kontextfaktoren auf mögliche Altersunterschiede in den Kompetenzen Empathie, emotionale Reaktivität und emotionale Variabilität untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass ältere Erwachsene im Vergleich zu jungen Erwachsenen auf vertraute und relevante Stimuli mit stärkerer Reaktivität und größerem Mitleid für die betroffene Person reagieren. Für Stimuli ohne besondere Relevanz für ältere Erwachsene zeigte sich kein solcher Altersunterschied. Des Weiteren konnten ältere Erwachsene bei vertrauten und relevanten Themen besser als junge Erwachsene die Gefühle der Protagonist:innen erkennen. Die Analysen der emotionalen Variabilität deuten zwar an, dass ältere Erwachsene über verschiedene Stimuli hinweg weniger stark variieren als junge Erwachsene, jedoch erlauben die verwendeten Follow-up Analysen keine klare Interpretation. Zum Abschluss werden bedeutsame Punkte für die zukünftige Forschung diskutiert. Erstens sollten Stimuli vorab empirisch auf ihre altersspezifische Vertrautheit bzw. Relevanz überprüft werden, zweitens sollten neben dem unmittelbaren Kontext auch noch weiteren Kontext-Ebenen einbezogen werden, und drittens sollten auch die Einflüsse des Kontexts auf die Kompetenz Emotionsregulation untersucht werden.:Tabellenverzeichnis 3 Abbildungsverzeichnis 4 1 Allgemeine Einführung 5 1.1 Emotionale Kompetenz: Definition und bedeutsame Komponenten 7 1.2 „Wir sind es und wir sind es nicht“ – Theorien zu altersbezogenen Veränderungen emotionaler Kompetenzen 10 1.3 „Derselbe Fluss und doch nicht derselbe“ – Die Rolle des Kontexts 18 1.4 Die vorliegenden Studien 22 2 Greater Empathic Accuracy and Emotional Reactivity in Old Age: The Sample Case of Death and Dying 24 2.1 Abstract 24 2.2 Introduction 24 2.3 The Present Studies 31 2.4 Study 1: Method 33 2.5 Study 1: Results 39 2.6 Study 1: Discussion 45 2.7 Study 2: Method 48 2.8 Study 2: Results 51 2.9 Study 2: Discussion 54 2.10 General Discussion 56 2.11 Online Supplemental Materials (OSM) 59 3 Age Differences in Sadness Reactivity and Variability 71 3.1 Abstract 71 3.2 Introduction 71 3.3 The Present Study 77 3.4 Method 78 3.5 Results 86 3.6 Discussion 93 3.7 Conclusions 100 4 Allgemeine Diskussion 102 4.1 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 102 4.2 Input für zukünftige Forschung zum Einfluss des situationalen Kontexts 108 4.3 Fazit 116 Zusammenfasssung 117 Summary 123 Literaturverzeichnis 129 Publikationsliste 144 Selbstständigkeitserklärung 147 Nachweise über Anteile der Co-Autor:innen 150

This study examines how Swedish and English adjectives relating to the semantic domain of SADNESS are used and what some of their semantic and syntactic characteristics are. The primary objectives of this study are to determine whether the adjectives in question are used more often attributively or predicatively, whether they are used more frequently along with the semantic role of stimulus or experiencer and whether there are any syntactic, semantic or lexical disparities in how Swedish and English encode the domain of SADNESS. To investigate this, parallel corpus data retrieved from movie and TV subtitles were analyzed in combination with dictionary data. The results showed that predicative usage was more dominant than attributive. While the semantic role of stimulus was more prevalent in the dataset of this study, experiencer-oriented adjectives showed higher prevalence when considering the individual frequencies of each word in the corpus. Notably, the Swedish word tråkig combines the meanings of `sad’ and ‘boring’, illustrating differences in emotion-related concept encoding between the two languages. / Denna studie undersöker hur svenska och engelska adjektiv som relaterar till den semantiska domänen LEDSENHET används och vad några av deras semantiska och syntaktiska egenskaper är. De primära målen med denna studie är att avgöra om adjektiven i fråga används mer ofta attributivt eller predikativt, om de används oftare i samband med den semantiska rollen stimulus eller upplevare och om det finns några syntaktiska, semantiska eller lexikala skillnader i hur svenska och engelska kodar domänen LEDSENHET. För att undersöka detta analyserades parallella korpusdata hämtade från film- och TV-undertexter i kombination med ordboksdata. Resultaten visade att predikativ användning var mer dominerande än attributiv. Medan den semantiska rollen stimulus var mer utbredd i datamaterialet för denna studie visade upplevare-orienterade adjektiv högre prevalens när de individuella frekvenserna för varje ord i korpusen beaktades. Det svenska ordet tråkig kombinerar betydelserna av ‘ledsen’ och ‘(lång)tråkig’ vilket illustrerar skillnader i emotionsrelaterad begreppskodning mellan de två språken.