Abstract   This thesis examines the role of women who went as missionaries to China between the 1890’s and the 1930’s, with a special regard to the Swedish missionary Sally Nordling. I think it is interesting to find out more about their motives. What made these women choose to go far away from their homes in Europe to live and work for God?   I have noted that there is not much written about these women and I hope that this thesis will shed light on this part of history, and that I will be able to give my own personal reflections. Through analysing different biographies written about female missionaries that lived in China I hope to be able to answer my hypothesis that women through their religious conviction were able to escape their restricted lives. The main research question for this thesis is whether female missionaries were allowed to do similar work as men when going to China.

ABSTRACT A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SENSE OF BELONGING AS A PART OF IDENTITY OF THE COLONIZER AND THE COLONIZED IN THE GRASS IS SINGING AND MY PLACE Cansu G&ouml / ktan M.A., in English Literature Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Margaret S&ouml / nmez May 2010, 205 pages This thesis investigates how two loosely autobiographical works unveil the effects of colonization on their major characters in terms of their identities and senses of belonging. The Grass Is Singing by Doris Lessing, a second-generation member of the colonizer, and My Place by Sally Morgan, a third-generation hybrid Australian Aborigine, are selected because both novels essentially deal with colonial issues by depicting their major characters in a process of maturation within a colonial and post-colonial framework, the former using a semi-autobiographical narrative tone and the latter using an Aboriginal version of autobiography, which integrates oral tradition and storytelling. These two books reveal that a sense of identity is closely related to a sense of belonging and that both are fundamentally affected by the colonial situation. The effects of a sense of identity and a sense of belonging, which boil down to the demise or survival of the individual, interacts with family and society, physical environment, and race issues that the thesis investigates by dedicating a chapter to each. The method used in this point-by-point comparative analysis is to approach the issues of sense of belonging and identity in a colonial context with a close reading of the two works, to find out what the texts say for themselves regarding the effect of family and society, environment, and race as depicted in The Grass Is Singing and My Place. The theoretical background that is most relevant to this study is post-colonial literary theory, although here it is taken as secondary to the close reading that is the thesis&rsquo / s primary approach to these works. Keywords: Doris Lessing The Grass Is Singing, Sally Morgan My Place, Colonial and Post-colonial Literature

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Climate change is putting the Earth’s biodiversity in serious jeopardy. UBC’S Biodiversity Research Centre is aiming to understand the impact of this shift.

I beskrivningar av Sara Stridsbergs författarskap är Birgitta Trotzig ett återkommande namn. Främst har deras språkliga likheter betonats, men det finns även innehållsmässiga likheter då de båda återkommer till att skriva om moderskap. I denna uppsats jämförs hur moderskap gestaltas i Brigitta Trotzigs Dykungens dotter (1985) och Sara Stridsbergs Happy Sally (2004). Främst studeras hur moderskap gestaltas i de två romanerna, på vilka sätt moderskapet bryter från de rådande könsnormerna samt på vilka sätt verken problematiserar de moraliska aspekter och dilemman som kvinnlig frigörelse och moderskap innebär. Jämförelsen görs genom en tematisk komparativ läsning, och nyckelbegrepp i läsningen är genuskontrakt och norm. I båda romanerna ges en komplex bild av moderskapet, där både kvinnor som vill ha barn och kvinnor som väljer att göra abort skildras. I både Dykungens dotter och Happy Sally finns karaktärer som bryter mot den traditionella modersrollen och mot genuskontraktet, och för dessa normbrott krävs att de betalar ett pris. En skillnad i romanerna är huruvida karaktärerna bryter mot normen av fri vilja eller inte.

BARROS, Francisco Rafael Silva. Orlando e a tradução da personagem para as telas. 2012. 125f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Letras, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-05-19T12:07:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_frsbarros.pdf: 2691800 bytes, checksum: 06dba16e18916313999cad64e26c99d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-05-19T14:03:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_frsbarros.pdf: 2691800 bytes, checksum: 06dba16e18916313999cad64e26c99d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-19T14:03:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_frsbarros.pdf: 2691800 bytes, checksum: 06dba16e18916313999cad64e26c99d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The following study analyses the translation of the novel/biography Orlando (1928), by Virginia Woolf, to its homonymous film adaptation in 1993, directed by Sally Potter. Orlando tells the story of an English nobleman who owns the gift of literary writing and lives for more than three hundred years, changing his sex, from male to female. The focus of our research is the translation of the main character, Orlando, from novel to film: we outlined some aspects of his/her personality to understand him/her actions throughout the novel/biography, and also considered some external aspects that complement or are part of his/her construction. Then, we submit the film character to the same process, to compare both. In order to do so, we started from a prior historical contextualization of the objects and their contexts of production. Our research is based on Itamar Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory (1978), the concept of translation as rewriting, by Andre Lefevere (2007), Antonio Candido’s study of the fictional character (2007), and Jacques Aumont’s studies about the aesthetics of cinema (1995). We do not intend to evaluate any of the objects (novel and movie), or to say that one is better than another. However, we aim to demonstrate what was the contribution of the character of the novel/biography to the construction of the film character, and to what extent the film character contributes and influences to the new readers of Woolf’s book. Primarily, we are aware that the construction of the character in the novel/biography is linked to two fundamental points: Vita Sackville-West, to whom the novel is dedicated, and the desire of freedom (intellectual and financial) to the writer, a relevant theme in Woolf’s speeches and writings of that decade. Sally Potter deals with her character’s immortality and freedom desire in a different way: her focus turns into implications of social and post-colonial issues, turning Orlando from an initial British identity to a more universal one. This research is sponsored by Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – FUNCAP. / O presente trabalho analisa a tradução do romance/biografia Orlando (1928), de Virginia Woolf para as telas, no filme homônimo de 1993, da diretora Sally Potter. Orlando conta a história de um nobre inglês que cultiva o dom da escrita literária, vive por mais de trezentos anos e que sofre uma mudança de sexo, do masculino para o feminino. O foco da nossa pesquisa é a tradução da personagem principal, da literatura para o cinema: delineamos alguns traços de sua personalidade para compreendê-lo dentro do romance/biografia, como também consideramos alguns aspectos externos que o complementam ou fazem parte da sua construção; posteriormente, submetemos a personagem cinematográfica ao mesmo processo a fim de compararmos ambos. Para tal, partimos de uma prévia contextualização histórica dos objetos e de seus contextos de criação. Nossa pesquisa é fundamentada na teoria dos polissistemas de Itamar Even-Zohar (1978), no conceito de tradução como reescritura de André Lefevere (2007), no estudo da personagem de ficção de Antonio Candido (2007) e nos estudos de estética do cinema, de Jacques Aumont (1995). Não pretendemos com esta pesquisa lançar juízo de valor comparativo a nenhuma das obras, muito menos chegar a afirmar que uma é melhor em detrimento da outra. Todavia, almejamos demonstrar qual a contribuição da personagem do romance/biografia na construção da personagem cinematográfica e em que medida esta contribui e influencia na ampliação de novos leitores do livro de Woolf. A priori, compreendemos que a construção da personagem do romance/biografia está ligada a dois pontos fundamentais: Vita Sackville-West, a quem o romance é dedicado, e ao desejo de libertação (intelectual e financeira) da escritora, tema recorrente nas palestras e escritos de Woolf naquela década. Partimos da ideia de que Sally Potter trabalha a imortalidade e o desejo de liberdade de sua personagem de maneira diferente: seu foco se volta para o social e para implicações pós-coloniais, trazendo-a de uma personalidade de identidade britânica para uma mais universal. Esta pesquisa é financiada pela Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – FUNCAP.

Ce travail tente d’établir, à partir de la pensée et de la vision que développe Edouard Glissant dans ses essais, une nouvelle approche, ou du moins une approche différente de la littérature comparée. Cette approche a pour fondement les concepts clés tels que le chaos-monde, le tout-monde, la créolisation et l’opacité. La relation surgit de ce que Glissant nomme le chaos-monde, cette rencontre, ce choc de cultures toujours à l’oeuvre dans notre monde. Cette confrontation, ce contact avec l’autre ne peut que produire de la relation. Nous vivons depuis toujours, et aujourd’hui bien plus que jamais, dans un espace pluriel caractérisé par la participation-confrontation, selon des modes variés, hétérogènes, voire conflictuels, de multiples cultures; quand bien même nous n’aurions jamais vu ces autres peuples, le fait d’avoir connaissance de leur existence contraint toujours déjà et nécessairement à l’instauration d’une relation. Cette relation, qui, chez Glissant, est avant tout à l’oeuvre dans le monde des hommes, comporte tous les éléments d’une approche comparatiste en littérature : mettre en relation des ouvrages différents mais néanmoins équivalents, analyser un ouvrage en gardant à l’esprit la multiplicité d’oeuvres existantes, comparer tout en respectant les différences propres à chaque oeuvre, telle est, semble-t-il, la tâche du comparatiste. Il s’agit, à partir du chaos-monde perçu comme confrontation de tous les ouvrages de notre corpus, de révéler une relation au sens glissantien du terme. Les termes de déclinaisons, inclinations et déclins nous engagent dans la description des trajets de lectures en montrant autant les capacités que les limites de cette approche. / Building on the theory developed by Edouard Glissant in his essays, this work attempts to draw up a different approach for the analysis of compared literature. This method is based on the key concepts developed by Glissant. All relationships are the offsprings of what Glissant calls the chaos-world, which is this encounter, this clash of cultures constantly at work in our world. This confrontation with the other cannot but give rise to relationship. Since time immemorial, we’ve been living and today we, more than ever, live in a plural setting, the defining characteristic of which is the cooperation and confrontation of multiple cultures on varied, heterogeneous and even conflictual modes; even if we have not seen these people who are so different and come into direct contact with their cultures as such, the very fact that we know of their existence always compels us to start some kind of relationship. In the works of Glissant, this relationship, which is at work in the world of human beings, comprises all the required elements for a comparative approach in the field of literature. Indeed, it would seem that the task of the comparatist consists in bringing together different but comparable works, in analyzing a piece of work while having in mind the multiplicity of works existing at the same time, and in comparing everything whilst respecting the differences exclusive to each work. Starting from the chaos-world perceived as a confrontation between all the works of our corpus, the whole point for us is to lay bare a relationship the way Glissant understands it. The concepts of declension, inclination and decline commit us to a description of reading journeys during which we show the scope as well as the limitations of this approach.

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Why do we defend the social conditions responsible for our injustice and exploitation? We are confused when disadvantaged women of color cite personal shortcomings rather than the social system as the source of their precarity. Yet, when social philosophers take up these questions by appealing to the concept of ideology, they turn to structural accounts and dismiss theories of false consciousness outright. Accounts of false consciousness, often understood as an epistemic failing to recognize some features of our inadequate social world, meet with a host of objections. Some argue that ascriptions of false consciousness involve authoritarianism, while others criticize the concept for commitments to an implausible correspondence picture of truth. Meanwhile, dismissal of false consciousness accounts of ideology have led to the neglect of an important feature of how ideology works: in and through our own agency. Without an account of false consciousness, critics fail to account for the fact that social structures are the result of our collective consent. They also fail to address how social structures are not analyzable without turning to the self-understandings of the participants in these very institutions. This dissertation addresses issues in ideology critique that account for our agency. By preserving what is still alive in a theory of false consciousness while addressing the long-standing concerns about authoritarianism and correspondence, this project reconstructs the notion of false consciousness. It closely engages with figures in critical social theory such as Marx, Lukacs, Habermas, Haslanger, Honneth, and Jaeggi, while widening the terms of the debate to consider the relevance, for instance, of object relations psychoanalysis for social philosophers. Beyond this, this dissertation shows that false consciousness is a damaged way of relating to ourselves, to each other, and to the social world. It is characterized, I propose, by affective investment. This move helps us clarify both the phenomenology of false consciousness and what a viable form of critique could look like. Psychoanalysis offers us a new way of understanding ideology critique by directing us beyond the model of critique as judgment as part of overcoming false consciousness.