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A representação da existência dos personagens de Karim Aïnouz é a inquietação inicial motivadora desta dissertação, que se propõe a investigar de que maneira é construída, estética- e narrativamente, a liberdade no cinema ficcional de Karim Aïnouz. Na busca por respostas, estabelece-se um diálogo com a filosofia existencial sartriana presente em O Ser e o Nada (2015) e O Existencialismo é um humanismo (2014). A partir desta interlocução com a filosofia, precisa-se o objetivo geral desta pesquisa: investigar a construção estética e narrativa da liberdade (de acordo com Sartre) no cinema ficcional de Aïnouz a partir do estudo da situação dos personagens Hermila (O Céu de Suely, 2006), João Francisco (Madame Satã, 2001) e Donato (Praia do Futuro, 2014) em diálogo com a própria trajetória do cineasta. Baseado nesse objetivo geral, compõem-se os objetivos específicos: apresentar as ideias de Sartre a respeito da liberdade e da situação, presentes em suas duas primeiras obras filosóficas; investigar a trajetória de Karim Aïnouz, buscando traçar conexões entre a sua história pessoal e seus filmes, apresentando essa trajetória em diálogo com a filosofia sartriana, através do conceito de situação; a partir desse mesmo conceito, analisar a construção narrativa e estética dos personagens Hermila, João Francisco e Donato, estabelecendo um diálogo entre essa, a trajetória de Karim Aïnouz e as ideias de Sartre; demonstrar a pertinência da perspectiva existencialista sartriana para refletir a respeito do cinema de Karim Aïnouz. Como base metodológica para contemplar os objetivos relativos à construção narrativa e estética dos personagens partiu-se do Ensaio para Análise Fílmica de Vanoye e Goliot-Lété (2008) e da obra Lendo as imagens do cinema, de Jullier e Marie (2009). Balizada pelos objetivos relacionados e buscando mais fluência no texto e do estabelecimento de um diálogo profundo entre o cinema de Karim Aïnouz e a filosofia de Sartre, propôs-se uma organização estrutural dos capítulos baseada livremente nos elementos que compõem a situação, levando em conta as características dos objetos de pesquisa e a trajetória do cineasta, investigada através de fragmentos de entrevistas concedidas pelo diretor para a imprensa e a crítica. Assim, os capítulos Passado, Lugar e Arredores e Próximo / O Outro são divididos em duas partes, ambas em diálogo com a filosofia sartriana. A primeira parte desses capítulos tem como foco Karim Aïnouz, enquanto a segunda se propõe a analisar os protagonistas em questão. Demonstra-se que as estrutras que compõem a situação (Lugar e Arredores, Passado, Próximo / O Outro) não representam um obstáculo à liberdade dos personagens, que são livres nessa e apesar dessa situação, em um processo que reitera a própria liberdade. O capítulo final Morte ou Reinvenção de Si se dedica exclusivamente aos personagens, demonstrando sua liberdade na construção de si através sobretudo de seu corpo, das escolhas pela valorização da experiência sensível e da migração, no caso de Hermila e Donato. Ao longo dos capítulos, evidencia-se a condição livre do cineasta e de seus personagens, bem como as conexões entre a vida do diretor e suas obras. / The way the existence of the characters in Karim Aïnouz’s movies is represented triggered the initial motivation of this dissertation, which proposes to investigate how the freedom is constructed aesthetically and narratively in the fictional cinema of Karim Aïnouz. In the search for answers, a dialogue is established with the Sartrean existential philosophy present in Being and Nothingness (2015) and Existentialism is a humanism (2014). Starting from this interlocution with philosophy, the general objective of this research is to investigate the aesthetic and narrative construction of freedom (according to Sartre) in the fictional cinema of Aïnouz using the concept of the situation of the characters Hermila (Suely in the Sky, 2006), João Francisco (Madame Satã, 2001) and Donato (Future’s Beach, 2014) in dialogue with the director's own trajectory. Based on this general objective, the specific objectives are: to present Sartre's ideas about freedom and the situation, present in his first two philosophical works; To investigate the trajectory of Karim Aïnouz, seeking to draw connections between his personal history and his films, presenting this trajectory in dialogue with the Sartrean philosophy, through the concept of situation; From this same concept, to analyze the narrative and aesthetic construction of the characters Hermila, João Francisco and Donato, establishing a dialogue between these, the trajectory of Karim Aïnouz and the ideas of Sartre; To demonstrate the relevance of the Sartrean existentialist perspective to reflect on the cinema of Karim Aïnouz. The Essay on Film Analysis by Vanoye and Goliot-Lété (2008) and Read Movie Image Film by Jullier and Marie (2009) consist on the methodological basis to contemplate the objectives related to the narrative and aesthetic construction of the characters. Based on the related objectives and seeking more fluency in the text and the establishment of a deep dialogue between the cinema of Karim Aïnouz and the philosophy of Sartre, a structural organization of the chapters based freely on the elements that compose the situation was proposed, taking into account the characteristics of the objects of research and the trajectory of the filmmaker, investigated through fragments of interviews granted by the director to the press and critics. Thus, the chapters Past, Place and Surroundings and Neighbor / The Other are divided into two parts, both in dialogue with the Sartrean philosophy. The first part of these chapters focuses on Karim Aïnouz, while the second part proposes to analyze the protagonists. It is demonstrated that the structures that compose the situation (Place and Surroundings, Past, Neighbor / Other) do not represent an obstacle to the freedom of the characters, who are free in the situation and despite that, in a process that reiterates their own freedom. The final chapter Death or Reinvention of Self is dedicated exclusively to the characters, demonstrating their freedom in building themselves mainly through their body, the choices to value sensitive experience and migration, in the case of Hermila and Donato. Throughout the chapters, it is evident the free status of the filmmaker and its characters, as well as the connections between the director's life and his works.

Ce mémoire a pour dessein d’analyser la réception de l’oeuvre de Jean-Paul Sartre dans la revue Anhembi. Il commence par un aperçu général du parcours intellectuel, littéraire et politique de cet écrivain. Ceci permet, d’une part, d’avoir une idée précise des diverses influences qui ont composé sa pensée et, d’autre part, d’établir une base de connaissances en vue des parties suivantes de cette étude. Le second chapitre aborde deux articles d’Anhembi qui se rapportent directement aux conceptions philosophiques de l’auteur. Le troisième chapitre concerne plus spécifiquement certaines pièces de théâtre du dramaturge qui ont servi de matière à des collaborateurs du mensuel brésilien. Finalement, le quatrième et dernier chapitre porte sur la venue de Sartre au Brésil. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a recepção da obra de Jean-Paul Sartre na revista Anhembi. Inicia-se com um apanhado geral do percurso intelectual, literário e político deste escritor, pois isto permite, de um lado, a construção de uma idéia precisa das diversas influências que compuseram seu pensamento e, por outro, estabelecer uma base de conhecimentos tendo em vista as partes que seguem neste estudo. O segundo capítulo aborda dois artigos da revista Anhembi que fazem referência diretamente às concepções filosóficas do autor. O terceiro capítulo trata mais especificamente de certas peças de teatro do dramaturgo que foram matéria de colaboradores do mensal brasileiro. Finalmente, o quarto e último capítulo trata da vinda de Sartre ao Brasil.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Filosofía

Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades / La recepción creativa de Las Troyanas a manos de Jean Paul Sartre, en constante relación con el hipotexto de Eurípides, es el tema que nos proponemos estudiar en este trabajo. Siguiendo los planteamientos de la teoría de la recepción de Jauss, para quien la obra literaria se define como el resultado del encuentro entre ésta y la recepción que recibe, planteamos que el horizonte de impacto, en tanto sistema que integra el momento de composición de la obra (la época histórica, el contexto sociológico, el contexto autorial y la recepción de la obra en su propio contexto de la Atenas clásica) encuentra profundas afinidades con el horizonte de recepción de Jean Paul Sartre, en relación a la circunstancia histórica específica en que este autor retoma Las Troyanas. Dicho horizonte de recepción considera, tanto el código estético que Sartre introduce en la obra, como el horizonte de los espectadores de su época, y la personal concepción del autor respecto a la misma.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Filosofía / Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento. / La presente tesina tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión a la fenomenología elaborada por Jean Paul Sartre en La trascendencia del ego. En primer lugar debemos ilustrar temáticamente en detalle la conciencia y el ego trascendente en contraste con la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl. En segundo lugar, mostramos que en La trascendencia del ego hay principios desarrollados en la obra posterior llamada El ser y la nada lo que nos permite afirmar que en aquella tratamos con una ontología implícita. Y en tercer lugar señalamos que efectivamente se trata de una obra donde se desarrolla una ontologización de la fenomenología ya sea a partir del ego trascendente como de la conciencia.

Ce mémoire a pour dessein d’analyser la réception de l’oeuvre de Jean-Paul Sartre dans la revue Anhembi. Il commence par un aperçu général du parcours intellectuel, littéraire et politique de cet écrivain. Ceci permet, d’une part, d’avoir une idée précise des diverses influences qui ont composé sa pensée et, d’autre part, d’établir une base de connaissances en vue des parties suivantes de cette étude. Le second chapitre aborde deux articles d’Anhembi qui se rapportent directement aux conceptions philosophiques de l’auteur. Le troisième chapitre concerne plus spécifiquement certaines pièces de théâtre du dramaturge qui ont servi de matière à des collaborateurs du mensuel brésilien. Finalement, le quatrième et dernier chapitre porte sur la venue de Sartre au Brésil. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a recepção da obra de Jean-Paul Sartre na revista Anhembi. Inicia-se com um apanhado geral do percurso intelectual, literário e político deste escritor, pois isto permite, de um lado, a construção de uma idéia precisa das diversas influências que compuseram seu pensamento e, por outro, estabelecer uma base de conhecimentos tendo em vista as partes que seguem neste estudo. O segundo capítulo aborda dois artigos da revista Anhembi que fazem referência diretamente às concepções filosóficas do autor. O terceiro capítulo trata mais especificamente de certas peças de teatro do dramaturgo que foram matéria de colaboradores do mensal brasileiro. Finalmente, o quarto e último capítulo trata da vinda de Sartre ao Brasil.

Orientador: Sílvio Donizetti de Oliveira Gallo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T02:42:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santana_MarcosRibeirode_M.pdf: 1186295 bytes, checksum: 6b365b02b06fe5f95e72b47fbd6d7294 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A presente dissertação é uma investigação bibliográfica, tendo como objetos de estudos as obras de Sartre, O Ser e o Nada, um texto filosófico, e As Moscas, uma peça teatral. Delimita-se o foco em apresentar a relação entre Filosofia e Teatro dentro do cenário da educação no que tange ao projeto sartreano de pensar a condição humana na sua existência radical, contingente e engajada no mundo. A atenção recai sobre o problema da subjetividade, caracterizada não como algo fechado em si mesmo marcando de maneira substancial o sujeito, influenciando de maneira considerável a construção conceitual da educação. Outrossim, volta-se para uma subjetividade destituída de ser, numa abertura para a própria situação existencial, fazendo de Sartre um herdeiro subversivo, tanto da filosofia moderna como das bases fundamentais da educação herdadas dessa modernidade e que são apontadas como fator primordial da crise educacional atual. O fio condutor dessa investigação está amarrado ao conceito de liberdade elaborado por Sartre na descrição teórica d'O Ser e o Nada, definida como autonomia da escolha e na concretude prática apresentada na dramaturgia d'As Moscas, que encena a concepção da tragédia da liberdade, compreendendo, assim, a liberdade que não se caracteriza de forma abstrata, mas que se concretiza na ação dentro de situação existencial e histórica. O objetivo dessa dissertação é descrever a possibilidade de se pensar uma educação a partir do pensamento sartreano, na compreensão sobre a condição humana entendida como liberdade de ação, na criação de sentidos numa relação com o mundo, na perspectiva de apontar para o cenário de uma educação de situações. Uma educação criada no improviso de uma atuação livre e engajada com a própria situação do ser no mundo pela qual se compromete e se torna responsável. Uma educação de situações que atue na existência sem se perder na fala de um monólogo solipsista muito menos se dissipar no enredo de um altruísmo alienante. Uma educação de situações - entendida como a liberdade de criar-se a si mesmo, de maneira autêntica, enquanto ser no mundo engajado com a própria situação existencial e histórica. / Abstract: This is a research based on literature, and its objects of study are two works by Sartre, Being and Nothingness, a philosophical text, and The Flies, a play. Our main objective is to present the relationship between Philosophy and Theatre in the field of education in respect to the Sartrean project of thinking the human condition as radically contingent and engaged existences in the world. There is attention to the problem of subjectivity, characterized not as something closed in itself, affecting the subject in a substantial way, influencing the conceptual construction of education considerably. Also, we turn to the subjectivity devoid of being, in an opening for each existential situation, and this makes Sartre a subversive heir of much of modern philosophy and of the foundational bases of the modern education legacy, which have been identified as one of the major causes of the current educational crisis. The base line of this research is tied to the concept of freedom, which was drawn up by Sartre in the theoretical description of his Being and Nothingness, defined as freedom of choice, and in the reality presented in the play The Flies, which stages the concept of the tragedy of freedom, the freedom that is not characterized in the abstract, but which is actualized in action within the historical and existential situation. The objective of this dissertation is to describe the possibility of considering an education from the Sartrean thought, from the perspective of the human condition understood as freedom of action, in creating meanings in relationship with the world, pointing to a potential education of situations. An education established in the event of free performance, and engaged with the actual situation of being in the world, when one becomes committed and responsible. An education of situations that affects existences without getting lost in a solipsistic monologue and especially in a plot of alienating altruism. An education of situations - understood as the freedom of authentically creating oneself, as a being engaged in the world within his or her own historical and existential situation. / Mestrado / Filosofia e História da Educação / Mestre em Educação

Marx's concept of alienation has proven to be a subject of controversy for many social theorists. One of the more provocative treatments of this concept has been outlined by Jean-Paul Sartre. Drawing heavily on Marxism's Hegelian tradition, Sartre portrays alienation as being a crucial element in the formation of the individual's perception of social reality. An appreciation of Sartre's project and its relevance to Marxist theory necessitates the examination of the origins and development of the concept of alienation. For this purpose, a brief account of Hegel's usage of the term is followed by a discussion of Feuerbach's efforts to counter Hegelian idealism with an explicitly materialist perspective. Alienation makes its first appearance in Marx's work with the publication of the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 and the concept was to be a topic of concern throughout Marx's life. In particular, his analysis of commodity fetishism in his later work shows an obvious connection with alienation. Georg Lukacs' presentation of the reification of consciousness is a valuable addition to the examination of the fetishism of commodities. Lukacs provides numerous insights concerning the relationship between alienation and commodity fetishism as well as offering a useful articulation of the role of consciousness in Marxist theory. Lukacs' contribution is especially helpful in clarifying the nature of Sartre's project. Both theorists seek to outline an exposition of consciousness which counters idealistic excesses with a materialistic perspective faithful to the basic tenents of Marxism. In addition, Sartre employs the notion of reification as well as that of alienation in his psychoanalytic approach. His technique is intended to illuminate the class biases inherent in the consciousness of each individual, a proposal which finds an immediate application in explaining the distorted awareness which petit bourgeois intellectuals such as Lukacs and Sartre himself bring to the study of Marx's method. / Arts, Faculty of / Sociology, Department of / Graduate

The object of this thesis is to examine the two opposite poles of human freedom, that is, determinism and total freedom, as found in the plays of Cocteau and Sartre that have been influenced by Greek drama. These contemporary playwrights however have set aside the religious aspect of ancient tragedy to concentrate on the analysis of the human condition. Cocteau, similar to Sophocles, is conscious of fate controlling human destiny. Since Cocteau is unable to alter its course, he accepts it; his plays, Antigone (1922), Oedipe-Roi (1925), Orphée (1926) and La Machine Infernale (1934), all embody such an attitude, thereby denoting freedom as an illusion. In the first chapter, Antigone, Orpheus and Oedipus are analysed as pawns of the cruel gods; as mere mortals, at the mercy of the Heavens, they cannot control their destiny. In the second chapter, emphasis is placed on man himself; we have endeavoured to show to what extent he is physically and psychologically determined and how he contains the seed of his own perdition. Cocteau's originality lies in the presentation of determinism through imagery. In La Machine Infernale, his most important play, destiny becomes a machine geared to destroy man caught in a network from which he cannot extricate himself. Such a person is Oedipus, controlled by both outer and inner forces. The outer forces or the gods plot a fate of parricide and incest which he is unable to avoid or escape. In the second instance, Cocteau studies the complexity of the human machine; in so doing, he reflects the twentieth century's interest, notably that of Freud and of the Surrealists, in the realm of the unconscious. Man is described as a complexity of heredity, natural instincts and character, especially excessive pride or hybris in the case of Oedipus, all of which influence his behaviour. According to our interpretation, the double determinism (outer and inner) which was separated to facilitate our analysis, is in fact, so interwoven as to form a complex, integral pattern of man's suffering. Sartre also is interested in man; his main concern, as philosopher and dramatist, is man and the human consciousness. The Sartrean philosophy is one of action wherein the existentialist hero, like Orestes, is the opposite of the Cocteau hero who accepts his fate; the former chooses his acts and so creates his own destiny. In chapter three we study the Sartrean revolt against God, a concept necessitated by human need and frailty. According to Les Mouches (1943) and Les Troyennes (1965), spiritual tyranny and moral order are detrimental to freedom since they hold men in bondage. Sartre believes that traditional morality is obsolete; therefore no one can guide man, even less dictate to him as he is free to invent his own values. In chapter four, Sartre's notion of total freedom is examined. The type of liberty advocated in his main play Les Mouches is not a "freedom-from" but a "freedom-for". Man must not consider himself free in the sense that he has no commitment and that he can do what he wants. Sartre wishes to replace this negative approach by a more positive type based on human solidarity and love. Once one recognizes and accepts personal autonomy, one must act in society, for being free in Sartre's terms, is being "free-to-do" and also being "free-in-society". Such a freedom however makes man suffer; he feels the anguish of responsibility and a sense of metaphysical solitude. But Sartre refuses determinism; one is either totally free or not at all. Also, determinism only serves as an alibi to avoid the harsh reality that one is basically free and solely responsible for one's acts which affect the self and society as well. Whichever path is followed, determinism or freedom, both Cocteau and Sartre arrive at the same conclusion: it is possible for him who suffers greatly to eventually attain self-knowledge and dignity, thereby reaching glory or greatness as in the case of Oedipus and Orestes. The apparent pessimism of life and its suffering can thus be transformed into optimism, which in the final analysis is a victory for mankind. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate