Trataremos de dois livros de epigramas do poeta latino Marcial: Xênia e Apoforeta, dados a lume, respectivamente, nas Saturnais de 83 (ou 84) e 85 d.C. sob o principado de Domiciano. Nosso objetivo, em primeiro lugar, será discutir as características intensamente apotropaicas e propiciatórias tanto das Saturnais, como do próprio deus Saturno a despeito dos elementos lúgubres comumente a ele associados , para, em seguida, tentar demonstrar de que maneira a festividade romana interfere na fruição dos epigramas que compõem as referidas recolhas e exige que o poeta abandone, temporariamente, a comum acerbidade de seus versos. Tanto pelas Saturnais constituírem o princípio de unidade desses livros, como por Marcial buscar emular um conjunto de tratados antigos de natureza jocosa, populares durante os festejos consagrados a Saturno, acreditamos que o poeta legitima a existência de novo subgênero epigramático que é corolário das próprias Saturnais romanas. No final, apresentamos, como resultado de nossa investigação, tradução poética de Xênia e Apoforeta, inédita em língua portuguesa. / We will discuss two books of epigrams by the Latin poet Martial: Xenia and Apophoreta, published, respectively, in the Saturnalia of 83 (or 84) and 85 A.D. under the reign of Domitian. Our goal, in the first place, is to discuss the highly apotropaic and propitiatory features of both the Saturnalia, as the god Saturn itself despite the gloomy elements commonly associated with him. Then well try to demonstrate how the Roman festival interferes with the fruition of the epigrams in these collections, and demands that the poet abandons temporarily the common poignancy of his verses. Not only because Saturnalia constitute the principle of unity of these books, but because Martial seek to emulate a set of ancient treatises of facetious nature, popular during the festival dedicated to Saturn, we believe that the poet legitimate the existence of new epigrammatic subgenre which is corollary of the very Roman Saturnalia. Finally, we will present as a result of our investigation an original translation into Portuguese verse of Xenia and Apophoreta.

Análise e interpretação do conto \"Cara-de-Bronze\", escrito por João Guimarães Rosa. Esta obra sintetiza a idéia que o autor tem da poesia, marcada pela extensa tradição de escritos dedicados ao estudo de Saturno e da melancolia. O confronto dessa tradição, a partir da leitura que lhe deu Walter Benjamin, com o conto, descortina aspectos enigmáticos da narrativa, e revela elementos fundamentais da concepção de mundo do autor, importantes para a literatura, a critica literária e a filosofia da arte. / Analysis and interpretation of the short story \"Cara-de-Bronze\" (\"Bronze Face\"), written by João Guimarães Rosa. This work synthesizes the idea the author has towards poetry, remarked by the long tradition of writings dedicated to the study of Saturn and of melancholy. The confront of such tradition, based on the reading by Walter Benjamin, with the short story, unveils enigmatic aspects of the narrative, and reveals essential elements of the author\'s conception of the world, important for literature, literary criticism and the philosophy of art.

Análise e interpretação do conto \"Cara-de-Bronze\", escrito por João Guimarães Rosa. Esta obra sintetiza a idéia que o autor tem da poesia, marcada pela extensa tradição de escritos dedicados ao estudo de Saturno e da melancolia. O confronto dessa tradição, a partir da leitura que lhe deu Walter Benjamin, com o conto, descortina aspectos enigmáticos da narrativa, e revela elementos fundamentais da concepção de mundo do autor, importantes para a literatura, a critica literária e a filosofia da arte. / Analysis and interpretation of the short story \"Cara-de-Bronze\" (\"Bronze Face\"), written by João Guimarães Rosa. This work synthesizes the idea the author has towards poetry, remarked by the long tradition of writings dedicated to the study of Saturn and of melancholy. The confront of such tradition, based on the reading by Walter Benjamin, with the short story, unveils enigmatic aspects of the narrative, and reveals essential elements of the author\'s conception of the world, important for literature, literary criticism and the philosophy of art.

Darstellungen der Planeten und ihrer Kinder gehörten zu den ersten paganen Bildern, die im Spätmittelalter produziert und rezipiert wurden. Während der rund 200 Jahre ihres hauptsächlichen Auftretens, bis zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts, erreichten sie eine enorme Popularität. Im Weltbild des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit war jeder Mensch von dem Gestirn geprägt, unter dessen Einfluss er geboren wurde. Dieser Planet bestimmte, wie man körperlich und charakterlich beschaffen war, welchen Beruf man ausübte und welche gesellschaftliche Stellung man erwarten durfte. Der Geburtsmoment sorgte für eine lebenslange, familiäre Verbindung zum Gestirn, man wurde quasi zu dessen Kind. Die Macht der Sterne zeichnet die Entwicklung von der ersten Erwähnung der Planetenkinder in Schriftquellen, über die Herausbildung eines relativ stabilen ikonografischen Kanons in verschiedenen Medien, funktionsgebundene Variationen bis zum Aufgehen in anderen Bildgattungen nach. Die zumeist siebenteiligen Zyklen stellen sich als Teil eines weit ausgebauten Beziehungsgefüges und Verweissystems dar, in dem sich das jeweilige gesellschaftliche Bild der Zeit spiegelt. Die Darstellungen dokumentieren zudem zentrale Entwicklungen des individuellen Denkens bis zum Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts. Sie zeigen, wie das jeweils aktuelle kosmologische Verständnis und Wissen einem breiten Publikum durch Bilder vermittelt werden konnte, wie dies mit dem religiösen Leben vereinbar war oder sich im Alltag niederschlug. Planetenkinder-Darstellungen hatten im Verlauf ihrer Geschichte vielfältige Funktionen. In ihnen manifestierte sich die Vorstellung einer Einheit der Dinge in zahlreichen Analogien. Gezielt eingesetzt wurden die Bilder zur Markierung sozialer Aufstiege, politischer Interessen und der Reklamation von Machtansprüchen sowie der Repräsentation von Einfluss bzw. Verherrlichung von Auftraggebern. Die Bilder zeigen philosophische Diskurse auf, verweisen auf konkrete historische Ereignisse und bewerten diese. / Representations of the planets and their children were among the first pagan images to be produced and adopted in the late Middle Ages. During the circa 200 years in which they mainly appeared, up until the end of the sixteenth century, they became enormously popular. In the worldview of the Middle Ages and early modern era, every person was believed to be influenced by the celestial body under whose influence they were born. This planet determined one’s physical appearance and character, one’s profession, and the social standing one could expect. The moment of birth ensured the continuation of a life-long, familiar connection to this celestial body, and a person was effectively considered its “child”. Die Macht der Sterne traces these developments from the first written references to the children of the planets, through to the emergence of a relatively stable iconographical canon in various media, variations in terms of function, as well as their appearance in other pictorial genres. These cycles, usually consisting of seven parts, presented themselves as part of a highly elaborate relational structure and system of references which reflected the current social worldview. The images also document key developments in individual thought up until the end of the sixteenth century. They show how the prevailing understanding of the cosmos and knowledge could be communicated to a wide audience by means of imagery, how this was reconciled with religious life, and how it was reflected in everyday life. Over the course of their history, images of the children of the planets served a variety of functions. By means of a number of analogies they illustrated the notion of the unity of all things. These images were also consciously employed to underscore social advancement, political interests, and the reassertion of claims to power as well as representations of influence or the glorification of patrons. These depictions also highlight philosophical discourses and refer to concrete historical events while offering evaluations of these phenomena.