The present study examines students’ use, attitudes and preferences, when it comes to EE (Extramural English). EE is defined as English language activities that learners are engaged in outside their ordinary language class, such as reading books, reading newspapers/magazines, watching TV, watching films, surfing the Internet, playing video games, listening to music, etc. The results of the study are based on data that was collected from Swedish upper secondary-school learners of English over a period of one term on several occasions. Information about students’ EE activities was collected by quantitative questionnaires, including both multiple-choice and open-ended questions. The results showed that Swedish upper-secondary school students were engaged in many different extramural activities. The extramural activity that the students were most often engaged in, was watching English language movies. The second most popular extramural activity was watching TV-programs in English with Swedish subtitles. Furthermore, according to the surveyed upper-secondary students, most of their language skills they develop with the help of their Extramural contacts with the English language. These are for example understanding of spoken English, speaking English, understanding of English vocabulary and understanding written English. However, when it comes to the written English and the development of English grammar, it appears that the students see themselves as developing these language skills more successfully within the language classroom than in their free time. The results also showed that, whereas the above-mentioned extramural activities were preferred by both boys and girls, there were also some differences in their use of extramural activities. Whereas boys rather preferred such activities as "English-speaking role-playing or computer games", girls, according to their answers, preferred such activities as "reading texts in English". The results of this study have shown that, according to the students’ responses, there is no strong gender difference when it comes to attitudes about learning English in school versus outside the school.

Orientador: Pedro da Cunha Pinto Neto / Acompanham 2 DVDs / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T00:06:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_RosileiaOliveirade_D.pdf: 36345103 bytes, checksum: de8cb5d91dcb3960af53d7c64dca25c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: As tentativas de incorporação de inovações tecnológicas ao processo artesanal de produção de cachaça na microrregião de Abaíra - BA apresentam dilemas, já que os obstáculos às mudanças vão além das disposições cognitivas situadas no plano das subjetividades, envolvendo injunções práticas dos constrangimentos ambientais, sociais, econômicos e culturais. Nesta tese, sustentando-nos em concepções teóricas não essencialistas de cultura, buscamos compreender como as escolas locais podem contribuir para o posicionamento crítico dos estudantes diante das estratégias locais de identidade construídas em torno da cachaça, por serem espaços democráticos privilegiados para a manifestação e problematização das tensões sociais existentes na vida fora da escola. Tomando como pressuposto a necessidade de revalorização epistemológica do espaço rural, pautamos as ações educativas em um estudo socioantropológico que contribuiu para legitimar nossa proposta de sensibilização das escolas, para que sintonizassem seus currículos com o meio social onde se situam, com as transformações nos modos de produção da vida no campo e com as expectativas de formação delas decorrentes. Através da pesquisa buscamos evidenciar aos professores que as escolas, ao tomarem como referência a experiência cultural dos alunos, articulando-a aos saberes técnico-científicos e às relações sociais que lhe são subjacentes, podem favorecer a atribuição de sentido a conceitos abstratos e a realização de operações mentais complexas pelos alunos, o que atende à necessidade de se superar a concepção preconceituosa de que o pensamento formal é um privilégio das elites, restando às culturas populares o senso prático. A vivência de situações de aprendizagem ancoradas na experiência cultural permitiu que professores e alunos percebessem que a aparente rotina da produção da cachaça impõe desafios cognitivos, cuja resolução requer as aprendizagens sistemáticas que só as escolas, como ambientes educativos privilegiados, podem proporcionar. Aplicando o conceito de circularidade entre as culturas ao campo da educação constatamos a possibilidade de articulação entre os modelos cognitivos próprios da vida cotidiana e os da ciência na abordagem de várias práticas locais, entre elas as múltiplas técnicas adotadas para se verificar se a cachaça está forte, destacando-se o teste do ajofe, um método indiciário com profundo significado histórico e cultural, e a alcoometria, que envolve a aplicação da racionalidade técnico-científica, exigida pelas novas configurações sociais. / Abstract: The attempt to associate the technological advances to the process of production of hand-made cachaça in the microregion of Abaíra - BA, involves dilemmas, since the obstacles to the changes go beyond the cognitive dispositions situated in the level of the subjectivity, comprehending the practical injunctions of the environmental, social, economical and cultural constraints. In this work, which is based on non-essencially cultural theoretical conceptions, we try to understand how local schools can contribute to lessen the social tensions and to create a critical position of the students, facing the local strategies of identity, which were built around the production of cachaça. Focusing on the necessity of reappreciation of the rural areas, we directed the educative actions in a socioantropological study which contributed to legitimate our purpose of achieving the aim of making the school more sensible, in order to link their curricular activities to the social activities developed in the area where they are situated, with the changes in the ways of producing in the countrylife, causing expectations and transformations. Through this research, we tried to show teachers that when the school takes as reference the cultural experience of the students, joining it by articulation with the technical-scientific instruction, and the social relations which are underlying it, the school can contribute to give meaning to the abstract concepts and to produce more complex operations by the students. It helps them to overcome the concept that the formal thought is a privilege of the elites, leaving to the popular culture the practical sense. The experience of learning situations based on cultural activities allowed teachers and students to notice that, the apparent routine of producing cachaça imposes cognitive challenges, and such resolutions require sistematic learning, which only the school, as a favoured educative environment, can provide. Using the concept of circularity among the cultural practices and the educational field, we found out the possibility of articulation of the peculiar cognitive models of our daily lives to a rational technical-scientific approach in many local experiences among the multiple techniques adopted to check if the cachaça is strong, in special the test of the ajofe, a method that has a profound historical and cultural meaning, and the alcoholmetry, which involves technical-scientific application required by the new social configurations. / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Doutor em Educação

Die Thematisierung der Potenziale und Risiken von internetbasierten Technologien und Inhalten im schulischen Bereich ist von enormer Wichtigkeit. Gut ausgebildete Lehrerinnen und Lehrer können ihren Schülern die gewinnbringenden Möglichkeiten näher bringen, ohne die Gefahren außer Acht zu lassen. Leider sind Lehrkräfte die auf diesem Gebiet Kenntnisse besitzen immer noch in der Minderheit. Ihre Kenntnisse haben die meisten privat erlangt, d.h. ohne direkten Bezug auf einen didaktischen Mehrwert für den Unterricht.

本研究旨在探討國小二年級兒童才藝補習、父母教育期望與幸福感的關係。主要目的有七：一、瞭解目前台北市國小二年級兒童參加才藝補習的概況。二、瞭解目前有參加才藝補習的台北市國小二年級兒童其父母教育期望現況。三、瞭解目前有參加才藝補習的台北市國小二年級兒童幸福感的概況。四、探討不同性別、家庭社經地位，國小二年級兒童參加才藝補習的概況及其間之差異。五、探討不同父母教育期望，國小二年級兒童參加才藝補習的概況及其間之差異。六、探討國小二年級兒童參加才藝補習的不同，其幸福感有差異。七、探討背景變項、父母教育期望、兒童才藝補習對國小二年級兒童幸福感的預測力。 本研究採問卷調查法，以台北市十二個行政區之公立國小二年級兒童及其家長為研究對象，蒐集到有效樣本275對。使用的工具包括「個人基本資料調查表」、「兒童才藝補習調查問卷」、「父母教育期望量表」及「國小二年級兒童幸福感量表」。在資料處理方面，以描述統計、T檢定、卡方獨立性考驗、單因子變異數分析以及多元迴歸分析考驗研究假設，並進行分析，主要發現如下： 一、有參加才藝補習台北市國小二年級兒童其父母教育期望屬「中、高期望」。 二、目前台北市國小二年級兒童才藝補習漸增，且較重視知識型才藝補習。 三、有參加才藝補習的台北市國小二年級兒童幸福感大致良好，有「中等以上」程度。 四、背景變項對兒童才藝補習的關係，受家庭社經地位影響最大。 五、父母教育期望對兒童才藝補習並無顯著影響。 六、兒童才藝補習與兒童幸福感無顯著差異。 七、在背景變項、父母教育期望、兒童才藝補習對國小二年級兒童幸福感的預測力中，只有「同時參加知識型與運動型」的才藝補習對幸福感有預測力。 / The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship anomg After-School learning, educational expectation of parents and Well-being of Elementary School Children. The main purposes of this study were as follows： 1. Understanding of the current Taipei in second grade children to participate in an overview of after-school learning, educational expectations of their parents , and well-being. 2. Analyzing the differences of the after-school learning influenced by different gender, family socio-economic status, and educational expectaion. 3. Exploring second-grade children participated in different after-school learning classes, the difference between their well-being 4. Understanding the predictions of well-being of second grade children influenced by gender, socioeconomic status, educational expectation, and after-school learning. The questionnaire survey was adopted. By means of the random sampling, 275 students and their parents were chosen from the second grade in 12 Taipei municipal elementary schools as the objects of the study. The instruments used in the study were “Basic Information Questionnaire”, “After-School Learning Inventory”, “Educational Expectations Scale” ,and “Children Well-being Scale”. The statistical methods used to analyze the data were descriptive statistics, t-test, Chi-square test of independence, one-way anova, and multiple regression analysis. The results go as follows： 1. The second grade elementary school children participating in after-school learning classes, their parents looked forward to ”middle and high expectations”. 2. The second grade elementary school children participated in more and more after-school learning, especially knowledge-based after-school learning classes. 3. The well-being of second grade elementary school children participating in after -school learnig was above average. 4. The difference of the after-school learning are influenced by different background variables, especially socioeconomic. 5. There were no differences between educational expectation of parents and after-school learning. 6. There were no differences between after-school learning and well-being of elementary school children. 7. Participating in knowledge-based and sports-based after-school learning classes at the same time could predict well-being of second grade elementary school children.

The aim of this diploma work is to show possibilities of a role play in teaching english, using different methods of drama in education, which leads pupils to deeper understanding and starting the work and its influence of pupil's experience and pupil's taking part in solving problems with the situation and remembering cognitive and emotional benefits of a role play afterwards to motivate pupils for next learning. This diploma work describes aims and methods of nowdays ways of teaching foreign languages, explains new trends in teaching young learners (primary school). It describes their psychological development in age 6 to 11 and try to explain how it has an influence in teaching languages at primary schools. It causes the main differences between teaching adults and young learners. Teaching languages through methods of drama in education brings different approach to teaching. It develops teaching in two levels - in cognitive knowledge and in emotional experiences.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e compreender como as dinâmicas escolares elaboradas, gerenciadas e construídas pelas equipes escolares de duas escolas públicas, situadas em um município da região metropolitana de São Paulo (zona oeste), determinam a eficácia escolar no que diz respeito à produção e à concretização da aprendizagem dos seus alunos. A pesquisa partiu do pressuposto de que mudanças efetivas da escola só acontecem se forem construídas a partir do interior da escola e com o envolvimento e a participação dos profissionais inseridos nesse processo. Dessa perspectiva, propôs-se a analisar como os profissionais dessas escolas (diretores e professoras das 4as séries do ciclo I do ensino fundamental) vivenciam a construção do processo formativoeducativo, visando à eficácia e à efetividade escolar. Com base nos resultados da Prova Brasil (cuja avaliação serviu apenas como referência inicial para o trabalho empírico), foram escolhidas duas escolas dentre as que apresentaram aumento dos índices de desempenho na prova de 2007, comparada com a de 2005. As análises iniciais levaram a perceber que as escolas buscavam construir ações que corroborassem os resultados dos testes, e isso se refletia nos bons resultados alcançados tanto nas avaliações externas como nas internas. Buscou-se, então, identificar como os diretores e as professoras das 4as séries do ensino fundamental dessas escolas se organizam para manter as condições que resultam em índices satisfatórios de aprendizagem escolar, focalizando a compreensão que eles têm a respeito desse processo. Os dados obtidos por meio de entrevistas confirmam a presença dos fatores que a literatura aponta como determinantes da eficácia escolar, todavia, com grande ênfase sobre as relações escola-família. Em face disso, privilegiou-se esse aspecto nas análises. Ficou evidenciado que as escolas estudadas desenvolvem diferentes práticas e estratégias para estreitar seus vínculos com as famílias com vistas a obter um melhor aprendizado dos alunos. Contudo, os diretores e as professoras entrevistados entendem que a maior responsabilidade pelo não sucesso escolar dos alunos deve-se à família, sobretudo, ao seu nível socioeconômico e à não participação dos pais na vida escolar dos filhos. Seus discursos revelam traços de ideologias que disseminam concepções hegemônicas, normativas e idealizadas da família, levando-os a entender que a desestrutura familiar é o mais forte determinante do fracasso escolar dos alunos. Esses dados não são conclusivos, mas indicativos dos modos como a escola tem traduzido e operacionalizado as propostas atuais que pressionam/estimulam os sistemas de ensino a estabelecerem vínculos mais fortes e efetivos com a família. Espera-se que tais elementos favoreçam uma compreensão maior do processo de construção da eficácia escolar e subsidiem a atuação das equipes escolares a desenvolverem, de modo crítico, ações de maior protagonismo por parte dos diferentes segmentos que almejam transformar a instituição escolar hoje. / This work has as its objective to analyze and understand how the school dynamics created, managed, and constructed by the school staff from two public schools located in a municipality from the (western region of the) Metropolitan Area of São Paulo determine the school effectiveness concerning the production and materialization of their pupils\' learning. The study started with the assumption that effective changes of the school can only happen if they are built from within the school, and with the participation and commitment of the professionals included in the process. From such perspective, the study set out to analyze how the staff from these two schools (principals and teachers of the 4th grade of the First Cycle of Fundamental Education) experience the construction of the formative-educative process aiming at school efficacy and effectiveness. Based on the results from Prova Brasil [Brazil Exam] (whose assessment served only as an initial reference for the empirical work), two schools were chosen from among those that presented improved performance levels in 2007 as compared to 2005. Initial analyses revealed that these schools were trying to build actions that corroborated the test results, and that was reflected in the good results they achieved both in internal and in external assessments. An effort was then made to identify how the principals and 4th grade teachers from these two schools organized themselves to sustain the conditions that resulted in satisfactory levels of pupil learning, focusing on the understanding they have of the process. The information gathered from interviews confirmed the presence of the factors pointed out in the literature as decisive for school effectiveness, revealing, however, a strong emphasis on family-school relations. In view of these results, the study privileged this aspect in the analyses. It became clear that the schools researched develop several practices and strategies to keep close links with the families, with the purpose of improving pupil learning. However, the principals and teachers interviewed were seen to understand that the larger responsibility for pupil failure lies with the family, particularly with their socioeconomic level, and with the lack of participation of the parents in their children\'s school life. Their discourse betrays the influence of remnants of ideologies that help disseminating hegemonic, normative, and idealized conceptions of family, leading them to believe that an \"unstructured family\" is the sharpest determinant of pupils\' school failure. These are not conclusive data, but indications of the ways in which the school has translated and put in operation the current policies that push the system schools to establish stronger and more effective ties with families. It is hoped that such results may lead to a better understanding of the process of construction of school effectiveness, offering elements for the work of school teams to develop, in a critical manner, actions of a higher degree of protagonism from the various segments that currently seek to transform the school institution.

L'organisation de l'espace de travail est un aspect du contexte instrumental d'enseignement (Grangeat & Hudson, 2015). A ce titre, l'appropriation de l'espace de la classe en tant qu'instrument (Rabardel, 1995) est susceptible de faciliter l'activité du professionnel ou au contraire réduire son pouvoir d'agir (Clot, 2008), en empêchant ou limitant certaines actions et interactions. L'espace de la classe est un espace relationnel (Löw, 2001) porteur d'un message plus ou moins fort de frontalité, qui détermine une structure de communication plus ou moins orientée entre les élèves et l'enseignant (Fisher et Fousse, 2002). Le placement des élèves a une incidence sur leurs performances (Perkins &Wieman, 2005 ; Brooks, 2011, 2012) et il semble aussi que les interactions entre élèves diffèrent selon la facilité d'accès de l'enseignant à leur espace de travail (Issaadi et Jaillet, 2017). L'espace de la classe est aussi l'espace de l'activité (Leplat, 2000), dans lequel l'enseignant se place et se déplace, en jouant sur les codes de la proxémie et en utilisant des lieux spécifiques (Hall, 1968, Forest, 2006). Les déplacements apparaissent comme des gestes professionnels, exprimant les connaissances professionnelles et la perception des affordances spatiales (Gibson, 1979 ; Warren &Wang, 1987) de l'enseignant.Cette recherche a analysé les placements et déplacements de l'enseignant sous l'angle de l'analyse de l'activité, en questionnant l'accessibilité (Vickerman, 1974) de quatre espaces de classe (Îlots, Bus, Hybride et Peigne). L'objectif était d'examiner dans quelle mesure les contraintes liées à l'espace de travail modifiaient les interactions entre l'enseignant et les groupes d'élèves. La méthodologie s'est appuyée sur la cartographie comportementale suivant Legendre et Depeau (2003), pour croiser les données spatiales et temporelles liées aux déplacements et les données relatives aux processus d'apprentissages, reposant sur l'analyse des échanges verbaux intragroupes d'argumentation, de régulation de la réalisation de la tâche et motivationnels et sur l'analyse des échanges enseignant-groupes, dans le contexte de l'enseignement des sciences fondé sur l'investigation. Ce contexte présente des contraintes spécifiques liées à l'espace dans la mesure où le mobilier est fixé au sol, et réclame une organisation adaptée au travail en petits groupes. Deux construits, l'accessibilité potentielle et la proximité réelle ont été mobilisés dans cette recherche.Les résultats montrent qu'une valeur d'accessibilité potentielle caractérise chaque configuration, et que la proximité effective de l'enseignant vis-à-vis des groupes d'élèves apparaît corrélée à l'accessibilité potentielle du groupe d'élèves. Ils montrent aussi que bien que les interactions verbales enseignant-groupes ne diffèrent pas selon la configuration, la qualité de la régulation intragroupe et la qualité du processus d'argumentation sont affectées par la configuration, et que leur qualité est moins bonne quand l'accès est plus difficile, ce qui questionne le rôle de la perception d'accessibilité. Les construits d'accessibilité potentielle, de proximité réelle et l'utilisation d'une méthodologie d'analyse géospatiale des interactions de classe sont proposés en tant que moyen d'évaluation des nouveaux espaces d'apprentissage qui émergent avec la généralisation des outils numériques en classe. / The organization of the workspace is an aspect of the instrumental context of teaching (Grangeat & Hudson, 2015). The appropriation of the space of the class as an instrument (Rabardel, 1995) may facilitate the activity of the professional or on the contrary reduce the teacher’s power to act (Clot, 2008), by preventing or by limiting actions and interactions. The space of the classroom is a relational space (Löw, 2001) that carries a more or less strong frontal message, determining a structure of communication more or less directed towards the teacher (Fisher and Fousse, 2002).The layout of the students has an incidence on their performances (Perkins & Wieman, 2005; Brooks, 2011, 2012) and it also seems that the interactions between pupils differ according to the accessibility of the teacher in their workspace (Issaadi & Jaillet, 2017). The space of the classroom is also the space of activity (Leplat, 2000), where the teacher is moving, playing on the codes of proxemy and using specific places (Hall, 1968, Forest, 2006). The teacher's movements appear as professional gestures, expressing professional knowledge and perception of the spatial affordances by the teacher (Gibson, 1979; Warren &Wang, 1987).This search analyzed the teacher's movements under the angle of the analysis of activity, by examining the accessibility (Vickerman, 1974) of four classroom spaces (Islands, Bus, Hybrid and Comb). The objective was to examine to what extent the constraints bound to the workspace modified the interactions between the teacher and the groups of students. The methodology used behavioral mapping following Legendre and Depeau (2003), in order to link the spatial and temporal data bound to the teacher's movements and the data concerning the processes of learning.The verbal exchanges between the students in a group – the argumentation, realization of the task and motivational exchanges- and the exchanges between the teacher and the group, were analyzed, in the context of the Inquiry Based Sciences Teaching (IBST). This context presents specific constraints bound to the space since the furniture is fixed to the ground, and needs an organization adapted to the work in small groups. Two constructs, the potential accessibility and the effective proximity were mobilized in this search.The results show that a specific value of potential accessibility characterizes every configuration, and that the effective proximity of the teacher towards the groups of students seems correlated with the potential accessibility of the groups. They also show that, although the verbal interactions between the teachers and the groups do not differ according to the configuration, the quality of the regulatory process in a group and the quality of the process of argumentation are affected by the configuration, and that their quality is less good when the access is more difficult, what underlines the role of the perception of accessibility.We suggest to use the constructs of potential accessibility, of effective proximity, and the methodology of geospatial analysis of the interactions of class for assessing the new learning spaces that emerge with the generalization of the digital tools in class.

This study examines, through the use of a quantitative questionnaire, to what extent Swedish upper secondary students are involved in receptive and productive extramural English activities and what their perceptions are of learning English inside and outside of school. Extramural English (EE) is a term referring to the English students encounter outside school as extra means ‘outside’ and mural means ‘walls’. This study also investigates if the students perceive that the extramural English activities facilitate their classroom learning of English, and more specifically in relation to the language proficiencies reading, listening, writing and speaking. The results showed that the students reported being involved in mostly receptive EE activities as the most common activities they reported being involved in daily were related to listening and reading. The listening activities involved watching English-language TV-programs, TV-series and movies with and without Swedish subtitles and reading English texts. 98% of the students perceived that they do learn English outside of school while 68.6% of the students perceived that the English that they learned outside school facilitated classroom learning. The language proficiency the students perceived they developed most outside school was listening as 39% reported they "developed very much". The majority of students also reported to be more comfortable speaking and writing in English outside of school, and 57% indicated that they have learned most of their English knowledge outside of the school environment.

De récents travaux soulignent qu’en France, les jeunes issus de l’immigration nord-africainesont moins nombreux à avoir le baccalauréat que les autres. Cette thèse défend l’idée généraleque cette moindre réussite académique peut être due, du moins en partie, à une moindrequalité des apprentissages scolaires. Dans la lignée des travaux de Steele et Aronson (1995)sur le phénomène de menace du stéréotype, l’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’examinerdans quelle mesure les stéréotypes négatifs associés aux capacités d’apprentissage des enfantsd’origine nord-africaine peuvent avoir des effets délétères sur la qualité de leursapprentissages scolaires. Il s’agit également, dans une visée développementale, d’enrichir lesconnaissances en psychologie sociale sur l’âge d’apparition de l’effet de menace dustéréotype chez les enfants. Enfin, dans un souci de validité écologique, ce travail a aussi pourobjectif de tester si les effets de menace du stéréotype se retrouvent en contexte scolaire réel.Sur cette base, cinq études expérimentales ayant toutes été réalisées en contexte réel de classesont présentées, impliquant près de 1 000 élèves scolarisés du CP au CM2. En accord avecnos hypothèses, les résultats obtenus permettent de conclure que les premiers apprentissagesscolaires des enfants français issus de l’immigration nord-africaine sont, dès leur plus jeuneâge, diminués par un effet de menace du stéréotype sur les apprentissages. En outre, lesrésultats mettent en évidence l’implication de l’identité sociale des enfants, et des effets desidentités ethniques et de genre qui sont favorables aux filles d’origine nord-africaine maisdéfavorables à leurs pairs masculins. Globalement, ces résultats soutiennent une explicationsocio-cognitive plutôt que socio-biologique des différences d’accession au baccalauréat enfonction de l’origine ethnique, et apportent un éclairage nouveau sur les processus impliquésdans la menace du stéréotype. / Recent studies emphasize that young French North-Africans are less likely than others to havea baccalauréat. We argue that this lower success can be due, at least in part, to a lower qualityof school learning. According to Steele and Aronson (1995) and the stereotype threathypothesis, the principal aim of this work was to examine in which extent negativestereotypes about learning abilities of French North African children can decrease quality oflearning. In a developmental perspective, our second goal was to better know when stereotypethreat effect begins to impact children’s learning and performance. Finally, in an ecologicalperspective, our third aim was to test if stereotype threat occurs in real academic setting. Fiveexperiments were conducted in real academic setting among nearly 1 000 students in primaryschool level. As expected, the results showed that stereotype threat affects negatively learningof French North-African children in primary school. In addition, the results highlighted theinfluence of children’s social identity. Ethnic and gender identities effects also appearedshowing a favourable effect for French North-African girls but an unfavourable one for theirmale peers. Overall, these findings support a sociocognitive explanation of French North-Africans inferiority in baccalauréat access, rather than a sociobiological one. Furthermore,these findings support a new understanding of processes implicated in stereotype threat.

I en skola som i hög grad är utrustad med digital teknik utnyttjas ändå inte tekniken till alla de möjligheter som IT erbjuder. Pedagogikens utveckling i förhållande till tekniken diskuteras i det här arbetet utifrån ett lärarperspektiv. Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka hur lärare på gymnasiet använder och integrerar digitala redskap i undervisningen, samt hur de beskriver möjligheter och förutsättningar att utveckla undervisningen med hjälp av digitala redskap. För att få svar på våra frågor har vi gjort en enkätundersökning på fyra kommunala skolor. Våra resultat visar att lärarna använder och integrerar digitala redskap i ganska stor utsträckning, men det finns fortfarande många som inte utnyttjar redskapen fullt ut. Digitala redskap och internet ses som en tillgång för att kunna utveckla undervisningen men kan också skapa problem i form av teknikkrångel och distraktion för eleverna. Kompetensutvecklingsplaner uppfattas inte som genomtänkta vilket kan vara ett hinder för utveckling.