Orientador: Ângelo Del Vecchio / Banca: Edison Bariani Junior / Banca: Mário Antonio Eufrásio / Resumo: A contribuição de Donald Pierson (1900 - 1995) para as Ciências Sociais brasileiras foi significativa, pois o cientista social formado pela Escola Sociológica de Chicago combinou teoria e pesquisa na formação da primeira geração de cientistas sociais profissionais do Brasil. A partir de sua chegada à Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo (ELSP) em 1939, Donald Pierson trabalhou para o desenvolvimento da disciplina no país através de uma série de iniciativas que fundamentaram teoricamente futuras pesquisas empíricas, como por exemplo: coordenação de um Seminário de "Técnicas em Pesquisa Social"; tradução para o português e publicação de bibliografia específica em Ciências Sociais, em sua maioria de origem norte-americana; criação e coordenação de uma divisão de estudos pósgraduados em 1941 - a primeira do gênero na América Latina; pronunciamento de conferências públicas por centros de ensino no Brasil, dentre outras iniciativas pioneiras. Em seguida, coordenou dois amplos projetos de pesquisa empírica, denominados estudos de comunidade. Estes estudos - o de Cruz das Almas (1951) e o do O Homem no Vale do São Francisco (1972) - podem ser considerados o final do ciclo do professor norte-americano na ELSP, pois consolidaram a formação no campo de pesquisa da primeira geração de cientistas sociais profissionais do Brasil, cuja teoria havia sido transmitida em sala de aula a partir de uma série de iniciativas, algumas delas acima mencionadas / Abstract: Donald Pierson's (1900 - 1995) contribution to the Brazilian Social Sciences was significant since the social scientist formed by the Sociological School of Chicago has combined theory and research on the formation of the first generation of professional social scientists in Brazil. After his arrival at the Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo (ELSP) in 1939, Donald Pierson worked for the development of the discipline in the country through a series of initiatives that substantiate theoretically future empirical research, such as: coordination of a Seminar on "Techniques of Social Research"; translation into Portuguese and publication of specific literature in Social Sciences, mostly of American origin; creation and coordination of a division of postgraduate studies in 1941 - the first of its kind in Latin America; pronouncement of public lectures in teaching centers in Brazil, among other pioneer initiatives. Then, two large empirical research projects were coordinated, called community studies. These studies - Cruz das Almas (1951) and O Homem no Vale do São Francisco (1972) - can be considered the end of a cycle of the American teacher in the ELSP, since consolidated the training into the research field of the first generation of professional social scientists in Brazil, whose theory had been transmitted in the classroom from a series of initiatives, some of them mentioned above / Mestre

The present study utilises a Durkheimian approach to study alcohol in society and education, centrally drawing on the sociological works of Emile Durkheim and those of the neo-Durkheimian sociologist, Stjepan Mestrovic. Durkheim�s sociological concepts and commentary, and Mestrovic�s perspective, refashioned, is applied to the present context, of which alcohol is a part. The arument to be advanced, is that in the Durkheimian sense, societal and educational alcohol issues, as part of wider social change, are in a state of excessive anomie and egoism caused by neoliberal philosophy, policy and practice. Mostly, the theory of James M. Buchanan will be drawn upon as standing for neoliberalism. Mestrovic�s interpretation of Durkheim in the light of his view of the indirect influence of Arthur Schopenhauer on Durkheim, particularly with regard to Schopenhauer�s view of will and representation, provides a fresh reading of Durkheim�s work. Mestrovic�s adaptations challenge the received view of Durkheim as a functionalist, and Enlightenment positivist interested in social order. This is explained by noting Mestrovic�s application of those adaptations to some of Durkheim�s central concepts, and, Mestrovic�s identification of the contemporary relevance of Durkheim, culminating in what Mestrovic calls postemotionalism. Mestrovic�s Shopenhauerian Durkheimianism, and Durkheim, can be critiqued from the perspectives of a number of commentators, poststructuralism and, Jennifer Lehmann�s critical structuralism with regard to issues of particularly gender, but also culture, as well as for exhibiting essentialist and liberal strains. Buchanan is also liberal and essentialist, but differently to Durkheim, holds to an economic, individualistic and clearly positivist view of society and education. By comparison with Durkheimianism, however, Buchanan�s perspective is a good representative example of true neoliberalism. Durkheim in particular, is rendered as a liberal - by comparison to Buchanan, a very social democratic liberal thinker, but one still in need of further adaptations over and above those made by Mestrovic for a Durkheimianism relevant to contemporary issues of gender and culture with regard to policy and practice in society and education where alcohol is concerned. Mestrovic�s perspective and Durkheim�s concepts, when modified by way of discussed and synthesised supplementary, high-modern and poststructural, post-Freudian feminist, and semiological, radical theories of gender and culture, is relevant for studying society and education. The application of Durkheimian perspectives, so rendered, means that various issues related to alcohol such as, alcohol and other addictions and dysfunctions, gendered drinking, gendered family relations, alcohol use and abuse, media advertising, research studies philosophies, culture, local and global markets, as well as legislation, can be seen in an alternative way. Following Durkheimian perspectives means that education can be contextualised accordingly. Educational governance, professionalism, teacher training and curriculum reform policies and programmes related and specific to alcohol education, can be interpreted in alternative ways to those currently accepted. Durkheimian perspectives on society and education: highlight the damage caused and the conservatism entailed by neoliberal philosophy, policy and practice, and; provide alternatives to the current societal situation, as well as the current drug education market in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

The present study utilises a Durkheimian approach to study alcohol in society and education, centrally drawing on the sociological works of Emile Durkheim and those of the neo-Durkheimian sociologist, Stjepan Mestrovic. Durkheim�s sociological concepts and commentary, and Mestrovic�s perspective, refashioned, is applied to the present context, of which alcohol is a part. The arument to be advanced, is that in the Durkheimian sense, societal and educational alcohol issues, as part of wider social change, are in a state of excessive anomie and egoism caused by neoliberal philosophy, policy and practice. Mostly, the theory of James M. Buchanan will be drawn upon as standing for neoliberalism. Mestrovic�s interpretation of Durkheim in the light of his view of the indirect influence of Arthur Schopenhauer on Durkheim, particularly with regard to Schopenhauer�s view of will and representation, provides a fresh reading of Durkheim�s work. Mestrovic�s adaptations challenge the received view of Durkheim as a functionalist, and Enlightenment positivist interested in social order. This is explained by noting Mestrovic�s application of those adaptations to some of Durkheim�s central concepts, and, Mestrovic�s identification of the contemporary relevance of Durkheim, culminating in what Mestrovic calls postemotionalism. Mestrovic�s Shopenhauerian Durkheimianism, and Durkheim, can be critiqued from the perspectives of a number of commentators, poststructuralism and, Jennifer Lehmann�s critical structuralism with regard to issues of particularly gender, but also culture, as well as for exhibiting essentialist and liberal strains. Buchanan is also liberal and essentialist, but differently to Durkheim, holds to an economic, individualistic and clearly positivist view of society and education. By comparison with Durkheimianism, however, Buchanan�s perspective is a good representative example of true neoliberalism. Durkheim in particular, is rendered as a liberal - by comparison to Buchanan, a very social democratic liberal thinker, but one still in need of further adaptations over and above those made by Mestrovic for a Durkheimianism relevant to contemporary issues of gender and culture with regard to policy and practice in society and education where alcohol is concerned. Mestrovic�s perspective and Durkheim�s concepts, when modified by way of discussed and synthesised supplementary, high-modern and poststructural, post-Freudian feminist, and semiological, radical theories of gender and culture, is relevant for studying society and education. The application of Durkheimian perspectives, so rendered, means that various issues related to alcohol such as, alcohol and other addictions and dysfunctions, gendered drinking, gendered family relations, alcohol use and abuse, media advertising, research studies philosophies, culture, local and global markets, as well as legislation, can be seen in an alternative way. Following Durkheimian perspectives means that education can be contextualised accordingly. Educational governance, professionalism, teacher training and curriculum reform policies and programmes related and specific to alcohol education, can be interpreted in alternative ways to those currently accepted. Durkheimian perspectives on society and education: highlight the damage caused and the conservatism entailed by neoliberal philosophy, policy and practice, and; provide alternatives to the current societal situation, as well as the current drug education market in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Orientador: Renato José Pinto Ortiz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T01:15:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PagePereira_Lucas_M.pdf: 78122115 bytes, checksum: bfc43164197a2b792a5da5f592ec74db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A presente dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo do conjunto da obra de Maurice Halbwachs, buscando apreender seus principais movimentos e conformar uma apresentação que possibilitasse ao público brasileiro situar seu pensamento e se situar em seu pensamento. Nesse sentido, após uma breve introdução genealógica, ela é composta por um primeiro capítulo voltado à biografia de Halbwachs, um segundo destinado à sociologia das classes sociais, um terceiro focando-se na psicologia coletiva da memória e, por fim, um quarto capítulo em que se traça, a partir de suas análises do suicídio, uma reflexão sobre alguns dos deslocamentos de Halbwachs em relação a sociologia de Émile Durkheim / Abstract: This dissertation¿s aim is to study the whole of Maurice Halbwachs's Works, seeking to understand its main movements and to elaborate a presentation that would allow the brazilian public to situate his thoughts and place themselves in it. Thereby, after a brief genealogic introduction, the first chapter is focused on Halbwachs's biography, the second examines his sociology studies of social classes, the third one looks at his collective psychology of memory and, finaly, the last one analyzes through the Halbwachs¿s suicide perspective, his detachments from Durkheim¿s sociology / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto o torcedor de futebol comum, analisando o que leva um indivíduo a torcer e o que, nessa prática, pode levá-lo à alienação e à violência. Nossos principais referenciais teóricos são a Escola de Frankfurt e a teoria freudiana. Estudamos o futebol sob o aspecto de sua apropriação pela indústria cultural e o torcedor como parte das massas estudadas por Freud (1921/1974a) em Psicologia de grupo e análise do ego e posteriormente pelos frankfurtianos. Dezesseis torcedores de diferentes times foram entrevistados. Formaram dois grupos de oito sujeitos, com base no processo de escolarização: um grupo de torcedores que têm até o ensino fundamental completo e outro de torcedores com ensino médio completo. Os resultados demonstraram certa devoção ao time nos dois grupos, bem como alienação e tendência à barbárie e ao preconceito. Isso ficou mais visível no grupo dos mais escolarizados, o que indica que a educação de hoje pode favorecer esse tipo de atitude. / The object of this research is the regular football supporter, analyzing what drives a person to cheer and what in this practice can lead to alienation and violence. Our main theory references are the Frankfurt School and the Freudian theory. We have studied the football in its appropriation by the cultural industry and the supporter as part of the masses studied by Freud (1921/1974a) in Group psychology and analysis of the ego and subsequently by the frankfurtians. Sixteen supporters of different Brazilian teams were interviewed. They were divided in two groups of eight subjects according to their education level: one group of supporters with low education level and another group with middle education level. The results have shown a certain devotion to the team in both groups as well as alienation and a tendency to barbarity and prejudice. This was more visible on the group with higher education level, what means that nowadays education can promote this kind of attitude.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Metrópolis e Gotham são as cidades imaginárias das histórias em quadrinhos que, respectivamente, ambientam as aventuras do Super-Homem e Batman. Estes dois super-heróis foram criados nos Estados Unidos em finais da década de 1930 e continuam a povoar a vida de crianças e adultos oito décadas depois de sua concepção. O objetivo desta dissertação é fazer uma análise das cidades do Super-Homem e Batman em seu contexto de criação por meio de uma análise etnográfica da literatura em quadrinhos. Objetiva-se analisar as representações dessas cidades ficcionais em relação com as questões vividas pelas grandes cidades norte-americanas de sua época, como crime, migração e delinquência. Para tanto, analisa-se as primeiras histórias dos referidos super-heróis publicadas desde a sua criação em 1938 e 1939 até a entrada dos Estados Unidos na Segunda Guerra Mundial, em dezembro de 1941. Discute-se a questão da dupla identidade, da liberdade e do anonimato nas grandes cidades a partir do gênero de super-heróis, bem como contextualiza-se a criação dos quadrinhos como um meio de comunicação de massa nascido no ambiente moderno e urbano. A tese central desta dissertação gira em torno da discussão sobre cidades e Modernidade. Considera-se Gotham e Metrópolis como representações que refletem pontos de vista distintos sobre as grandes cidades modernas. A primeira é uma cidade noturna e violenta de crimes relacionados com a loucura, o crime organizado e a migração. Subjaz aqui a noção de que a modernidade, tendo como locus as grandes cidades, seria um fator que desagrega a vida social levando os habitantes de Gotham City a enfrentar um cotidiano de conflitos, seja com criminosos, loucos ou imigrantes. Metrópolis, por sua vez, enfrenta em seu cotidiano problemas técnicos e crimes de cunho moral, sendo uma cidade diurna de linhas retas e prédios de estilos arquitetônicos modernistas retratados a partir de imagens panorâmicas que destacam seus prédios e arranha-céus iluminados, enquanto Gotham é representada como uma cidade escura de prédios monolíticos que se repetem indistintamente em seu horizonte. Por mais ficcionais, utópicas ou distópicas que possam ser as cidades das histórias em quadrinhos elas são representações que se relacionam com o imaginário da época e sociedade em que foram criadas. Esta dissertação compreende Gotham City e Metrópolis como sínteses de concepções urbanas modernas, relacionando-as com correntes urbanísticas presentes nas primeiras décadas do século XX e com questões colocadas pelo pensamento social da Escola de Chicago de Sociologia. / Metropolis and Gotham are the imaginary cities of comics that respectively set the adventures of Superman and Batman. These two superheroes were created in the United States in the late 1930s and continue to populate the lives of children and adults eight decades after its conception. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the cities of Superman and Batman in their context of creation through an ethnographic analysis of comic book literature. The aim is to analyze the fictional representations of these cities in relation to the issues faced by large North American cities of its time, such as crime, migration and delinquency. In this intent the first stories of these superheroes are analyzed since its creation in 1938 and 1939 until the U.S. entry into World War II in December 1941. It is discussed the question of dual identities, freedom and anonymity in large cities through the comic book superheroes genre, as well it is contextualized the creation of comics as a medium of mass communication born in modern and urban context. The central thesis of this dissertation is developed around the discussion between cities and Modernity. Gotham and Metropolis are seem as representations that reflects distinct point of view about great modern cities. The former is a nocturnal and violent city which crimes are related to madness, organized crime and migration. Here underlies the notion that modernity, having as its prime locus the large cities, it is a factor that disrupts the social life leading the inhabitants of Gotham City to face a daily conflict with either criminals, madmen or immigrants. The city of Metropolis, in turn, faces technical problems and moral crimes, a daytime city of straight lines and buildings of modernist architectural styles always portrayed from panoramic images that highlight their buildings and gleaming skyscrapers, while Gotham is represented as a city with a dark outline of monolithic buildings repeated without distinction on the horizon. Cities of comics are representations that either fictional, utopian or dystopian they may be, are related to the imagery time and society in which they were created. This dissertation comprises Gotham City and Metropolis as synthesis of modern urban concepts, relating them to urban conceptions present in the first decades of the twentieth century and with issues exposed by the social thought of the Chicago School of Sociology.

This work attempts to confront certain political problems created by the individualistic bias in psychoanalytic thinking, and the resulting failure to adequately theorise the importance of social processes. The thesis traces the origins of intrapsychic thinking to Freud's initial move from the seduction theory to the Oedipal theory. This development is offered as a prototype for the debates between conceptualisations of childhood traumatisation as a social problem of actual abuse occurring within dermed power relations, and theories which locate pathology purely within internal conflicts occurring inside the individual. Several criticisms of this shift are offered, and it s impact on later theory is considered. Here a contrast is offered between the theoretical approaches of Melanie Klein and Donald Winnicott, arguing for the usefulness of Winnicott's emphasis on environmental factors within psychodynamic theory. The impact of these theoretical approaches is illustrated through a critical evaluation of Freud's case study of Judge Schreber. Additional historical material is brought in to show the importance of environmental considerations ignored by Freud, and contrasting psychodynamic readings of the case are offered. As an alternative to purely intrapsychic approaches, a reinterpretation of certain strands of Critical Theory is then presented. Adorno's theory of the Authoritarian Personality and Marcuse' s concept of One-Dimensional Man are extended using Winnicott's formulations concerning psychological development. This leads to an examination of the question of the relationship between social structure and individual consciousness. Post-structuralist accounts of language and the construction of identity are explored. These are then developed drawing on theories of ideology, language and consciousness, integrating these with Winnicott's developmental theory to offer an alternative psychodynamic understanding of the relationship between social process and psychopathology. An attempt is made to reformulate - the notions of consciousness and the unconscious in terms of the possibilities and difficulties of representation within available social symbolic codes. In conclusion the it is argued that psychology needs to integrate critical social theory and contemporary understandings of the social construction of consciousness in order to become a meaning force in positive social transformation.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Metrópolis e Gotham são as cidades imaginárias das histórias em quadrinhos que, respectivamente, ambientam as aventuras do Super-Homem e Batman. Estes dois super-heróis foram criados nos Estados Unidos em finais da década de 1930 e continuam a povoar a vida de crianças e adultos oito décadas depois de sua concepção. O objetivo desta dissertação é fazer uma análise das cidades do Super-Homem e Batman em seu contexto de criação por meio de uma análise etnográfica da literatura em quadrinhos. Objetiva-se analisar as representações dessas cidades ficcionais em relação com as questões vividas pelas grandes cidades norte-americanas de sua época, como crime, migração e delinquência. Para tanto, analisa-se as primeiras histórias dos referidos super-heróis publicadas desde a sua criação em 1938 e 1939 até a entrada dos Estados Unidos na Segunda Guerra Mundial, em dezembro de 1941. Discute-se a questão da dupla identidade, da liberdade e do anonimato nas grandes cidades a partir do gênero de super-heróis, bem como contextualiza-se a criação dos quadrinhos como um meio de comunicação de massa nascido no ambiente moderno e urbano. A tese central desta dissertação gira em torno da discussão sobre cidades e Modernidade. Considera-se Gotham e Metrópolis como representações que refletem pontos de vista distintos sobre as grandes cidades modernas. A primeira é uma cidade noturna e violenta de crimes relacionados com a loucura, o crime organizado e a migração. Subjaz aqui a noção de que a modernidade, tendo como locus as grandes cidades, seria um fator que desagrega a vida social levando os habitantes de Gotham City a enfrentar um cotidiano de conflitos, seja com criminosos, loucos ou imigrantes. Metrópolis, por sua vez, enfrenta em seu cotidiano problemas técnicos e crimes de cunho moral, sendo uma cidade diurna de linhas retas e prédios de estilos arquitetônicos modernistas retratados a partir de imagens panorâmicas que destacam seus prédios e arranha-céus iluminados, enquanto Gotham é representada como uma cidade escura de prédios monolíticos que se repetem indistintamente em seu horizonte. Por mais ficcionais, utópicas ou distópicas que possam ser as cidades das histórias em quadrinhos elas são representações que se relacionam com o imaginário da época e sociedade em que foram criadas. Esta dissertação compreende Gotham City e Metrópolis como sínteses de concepções urbanas modernas, relacionando-as com correntes urbanísticas presentes nas primeiras décadas do século XX e com questões colocadas pelo pensamento social da Escola de Chicago de Sociologia. / Metropolis and Gotham are the imaginary cities of comics that respectively set the adventures of Superman and Batman. These two superheroes were created in the United States in the late 1930s and continue to populate the lives of children and adults eight decades after its conception. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the cities of Superman and Batman in their context of creation through an ethnographic analysis of comic book literature. The aim is to analyze the fictional representations of these cities in relation to the issues faced by large North American cities of its time, such as crime, migration and delinquency. In this intent the first stories of these superheroes are analyzed since its creation in 1938 and 1939 until the U.S. entry into World War II in December 1941. It is discussed the question of dual identities, freedom and anonymity in large cities through the comic book superheroes genre, as well it is contextualized the creation of comics as a medium of mass communication born in modern and urban context. The central thesis of this dissertation is developed around the discussion between cities and Modernity. Gotham and Metropolis are seem as representations that reflects distinct point of view about great modern cities. The former is a nocturnal and violent city which crimes are related to madness, organized crime and migration. Here underlies the notion that modernity, having as its prime locus the large cities, it is a factor that disrupts the social life leading the inhabitants of Gotham City to face a daily conflict with either criminals, madmen or immigrants. The city of Metropolis, in turn, faces technical problems and moral crimes, a daytime city of straight lines and buildings of modernist architectural styles always portrayed from panoramic images that highlight their buildings and gleaming skyscrapers, while Gotham is represented as a city with a dark outline of monolithic buildings repeated without distinction on the horizon. Cities of comics are representations that either fictional, utopian or dystopian they may be, are related to the imagery time and society in which they were created. This dissertation comprises Gotham City and Metropolis as synthesis of modern urban concepts, relating them to urban conceptions present in the first decades of the twentieth century and with issues exposed by the social thought of the Chicago School of Sociology.

Esta pesquisa tem como objeto o torcedor de futebol comum, analisando o que leva um indivíduo a torcer e o que, nessa prática, pode levá-lo à alienação e à violência. Nossos principais referenciais teóricos são a Escola de Frankfurt e a teoria freudiana. Estudamos o futebol sob o aspecto de sua apropriação pela indústria cultural e o torcedor como parte das massas estudadas por Freud (1921/1974a) em Psicologia de grupo e análise do ego e posteriormente pelos frankfurtianos. Dezesseis torcedores de diferentes times foram entrevistados. Formaram dois grupos de oito sujeitos, com base no processo de escolarização: um grupo de torcedores que têm até o ensino fundamental completo e outro de torcedores com ensino médio completo. Os resultados demonstraram certa devoção ao time nos dois grupos, bem como alienação e tendência à barbárie e ao preconceito. Isso ficou mais visível no grupo dos mais escolarizados, o que indica que a educação de hoje pode favorecer esse tipo de atitude. / The object of this research is the regular football supporter, analyzing what drives a person to cheer and what in this practice can lead to alienation and violence. Our main theory references are the Frankfurt School and the Freudian theory. We have studied the football in its appropriation by the cultural industry and the supporter as part of the masses studied by Freud (1921/1974a) in Group psychology and analysis of the ego and subsequently by the frankfurtians. Sixteen supporters of different Brazilian teams were interviewed. They were divided in two groups of eight subjects according to their education level: one group of supporters with low education level and another group with middle education level. The results have shown a certain devotion to the team in both groups as well as alienation and a tendency to barbarity and prejudice. This was more visible on the group with higher education level, what means that nowadays education can promote this kind of attitude.

Critical Theory, as posited by members of The Frankfurt School, was evaluated with the objective of attaching an implied ethical dimension. This was discovered in their privileging of a particular type of aesthetic, as evinced in their analysis of certain works of autonomous High Modernism. This implied ethic, which is one based around the concept of enlightenment as potential for emancipation, was then applied as a norm for the evaluation of art. This ethic, however, does not seek to impose a particular reading on (specifically) literary production: Rather, it seeks to impart the importance of a commitment by the literary critic in the use of an ethically based norm, an ethic, what is more, that is based and supported by a discussion of the concepts 'freedom' and Enlightenment. Finally, with this ethic firmly established, the discussion then attempted to distinguish between modernism and post-modernism, using this implied ethic as a guide to separation. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / M.A. (Theory of Literature)