The September 11, 2001 Jihadists attack on the West and the subsequent wars on terrorism indicate that war may be a permanent condition of life in the contemporary world. This implies that to understand contemporary society, culture and communication requires an understanding of war because war could perhaps provide a perspective through which to understand the world. The aim of this study is to provide such a perspective and to critically explore the link between war and communication. However, in approaching a study of war one is confronted with a pervasive pacifist anti-war ideological bias. To overcome the bias the study adopts a critical strategy: firstly it deconstructs the taken for granted assumptions about the positive value of peace and then it reconstructs and traces the contours of a Western tradition of philosophical thought that considers war as being an integral and formative aspect of human identity and communication. Chapter 2 uncovers the limitations of the pacifists' discourse on war. Chapter 3 traces the Western tradition originating in Heraclitus that considers war as formative experience of being human. Chapter 4 traces war and killing as formative of language and communication. Using these insights a careful reading and interpretation of how war informs the thought and functions in the texts of selected social theorists of the twentieth century. Chapter 5 traces war as an agonistic structure in the works of Johan Huizinga on the role of play and in the political theory of Carl Schmitt. Chapter 6 explores the idea of war as a model of society in the works of Foucault. Chapter 7 investigates the central influence of real and imagined war on Marshall McLuhan’s theory of the media. Chapter 8 explores the way war structures the thought of Lyotard on the postmodern condition. Chapter 9 concludes by drawing implications on how a perspective on war contributes to development of communication theory and understanding life in the postmodern condition. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. Communication )

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Audre Cristina.pdf: 2001141 bytes, checksum: 2d33edfbf7c8c45b59071b848a6f1169 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work researches the covering of Science, Technology and Inovation (ST&I) on brazilian open channel TV news, at prime time (from 7:15 pm to 10 pm), to notice the educational function of media in the approach of the subjects ST&I. The corpus of this research is made up from a clipping from the following TV news: Jornal da Band, Jornal Nacional, Jornal da Record, Jornal da Cultura and SBT Brasil. The proposal was to evaluate comparatively the journalist subjects that specifically deal with ST&I, in relation to the format, the language and the contents of each studied programs. This work made use of the French Discourse Analysis (DA) Methodology. This quality research also englobed a Study of Reception about the selected reportings. The procedure employed for this was the Focus Groups. This way, it attempted to análise the communication process that covers the news subjects of ST&I from messages to reception. This study noticed that ST&I is present subject on brazilian TV news even if there happen unpredictable facts (from others editorials) that influence significatively the covering of the TV news. It also noticed that there isn´t among the selected TV news a deepening standard and contextualization of ST&I subjects but that the approach varies even involving a single edition. The broadcasting channels, even admitting the importance of ST&I, are still oscillate between a contextualized approach and the simple description of the principal fact. The language used on TV news concerned with the subjects of Science, Tecchnology and Inovation is predominantly clear and simple. Nevertheless it was possible to notice some nuances, with the use of specific terms of the scientific language without the subject offering any explanation about such concepts. The experience of the Focus Groups showed that television viewers are not passive in relation to the scientific contents of the telejournalist programs. In general, people are interested in ST&I and know how to evaluate the subjects qualitatively. Analyzing how the subjects about ST&I make sense and what contribution they can give to the Public Understanding of Science, facilitated important reflections about the limitations and the potencials of television and the linked messages as well as the interest and critical vision in respect to the subjects of ST&I.(AU) / Este trabalho investiga a cobertura de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I) nos telejornais brasileiros de canal aberto, no horário nobre (das 19h15 às 22h), para verificar a função educativa da mídia na abordagem de assuntos de CT&I. O corpus desta pesquisa compõe-se de um recorte dos seguintes telejornais: Jornal da Band, Jornal Nacional, Jornal da Record, Jornal da Cultura e SBT Brasil. A proposta foi avaliar, comparativamente, as matérias jornalísticas que tratam especificamente de CT&I, em relação ao formato, à linguagem e aos conteúdos de cada um dos programas estudados. Este trabalho empregou a metodologia de Análise de Discurso de linha Francesa (AD). Esta pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, também englobou um Estudo de Recepção sobre as reportagens selecionadas. O procedimento utilizado para isso foi o de Grupos Focais. Dessa forma, buscou-se analisar o processo de Comunicação que envolve as matérias telejornalísticas de CT&I das mensagens à recepção. Este estudo verificou que CT&I é um assunto presente nos telejornais brasileiros mesmo quando ocorrem fatos imprevisíveis (de outras editorias) que influenciam significativamente a cobertura dos noticiários televisivos. Constatou também que não há, entre os telejornais selecionados, um padrão de aprofundamento e contextualização dos assuntos CT&I, mas que a abordagem varia até dentro de uma única edição. As emissoras, mesmo reconhecendo a importância de CT&I, ainda oscilam entre uma abordagem contextualizada e a simples descrição do fato principal. A linguagem empregada pelos telejornais para o tratamento de assuntos de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação é, predominantemente, clara e simples. No entanto, foi possível verificar algumas nuances, com o uso de termos específicos da linguagem científica sem que a matéria oferecesse qualquer explicação sobre tais conceitos. A experiência dos Grupos Focais revelou que os telespectadores não são passivos em relação aos conteúdos científicos dos programas telejornalísticos. De modo geral, o público se interessa por CT&I e sabe avaliar qualitativamente as matérias. Analisar como as matérias sobre CT&I produzem sentidos e qual a contribuição que estas podem dar à Compreensão Pública da Ciência possibilitou reflexões relevantes sobre as limitações e os potenciais da televisão e das mensagens veiculadas, assim como o interesse e a visão crítica a respeito dos assuntos de CT&I.(AU)

Pouvons-nous saisir, comprendre et décrire l’expérience de visite dans un musée ? Cette étude aborde l’expérience des visiteurs à partir d’une perspective énactive comme ce qui fait sens du point de vue du visiteur dans le cours de sa visite. Les principaux résultats portent sur une méthode d’investigation originale dans le champ muséal qui autorise un nouveau point de vue sur l’expérience des visiteurs dans les musées. Nous montrons que l’analyse du cours d’expérience réalisée à partir d’un entretien en re-situ subjectif permet de décrire et de comprendre les unités élémentaires de l’expérience des visiteurs, ainsi que l’expérience globale de visite avec précision, finesse et profondeur. Nous mettons en évidence les actions et les cheminements cognitifs des visiteurs qui concourent à la construction de leurs connaissances et nous proposons des cours d’expérience typiques aux visites de musées. / Can we grasp, understand and describe the experience of museum visitors? This study focuses on the visitor experience from an enactive perspective, i.e., that which makes sense from the point of view of visitors during their visit. The main results concern the method of investigation, which is innovative in the field of museum studies and provides a new perspective on the experience of visitors in museums. The thesis shows that an analysis of the visitor’s “course of experience” carried out by means of a subjective re situ interview allows us to describe and understand the basic units of the visitors’ experiences as well as the overall experience of the visit with precision, finesse, and depth. The actions and cognitive paths of visitors, which contribute to the construction of the knowledge, are also highlighted and we offer standard courses of experience during museum visits, which repeatedly contribute to the construction of knowledge.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4680.pdf: 2944445 bytes, checksum: c5eeb5f5344075c7239eb08d0d7e5e66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The Sociology of Science, presently also known by the Social Studies of Science and Technology, with theoretical and methodological inheritance from the Sociology of Knowledge, debates subjects about the nature of scientific activity and the relationship and interactions between science, technology and society. In this way this research centers on mapping the field of Sociology of Science by its scientific production, as a way to display its trajectory and reflect on its institutionalization as a field of knowledge. The studies about the analysis of scientific production can be included in the field of Sociology of Science and be made ever more frequent. The motivation to investigate this theme is justified by the fact that after the coming of the Internet a variety of different knowledge bases of scientific articles were available online which made much easier the process of data collection and also the treatment of the same. In light of this, the studies of the analysis of scientific production become ever more recurrent. Confronting this reality the research objective of this research was created as to investigate how the field of Sociology of Science configures itself from its scientific production represented by the data base Scopus. The objectives of study were: a) identify and analyze the scientific production on the field of Sociology of Science up from the articles indexed in the database Scopus; b) to understand how the field of Sociology of Science is internationally build, by constructing bibliometric indicators of scientific production like themes in the scope, published journals, authorship, temporal, institutional and geographic distribution of the articles. On the methodological point of view the research is supported on the bibliometric approach and the achieved results shows that a) the field of Sociology of Science follows a parallel growth with the field of Social Studies of Science and Technology; b) the Network Actor Theory is the methodology with the greatest representation in the field, with a growth rate, followed by Ethnographic studies. This exponential growth on the Network Actor Theory is the points to the existence of a trend by other fields in its use; c) around 40% of articles were written in collaboration. / A Sociologia da Ciência, atualmente também conhecida pelos Estudos Sociais da Ciência e Tecnologia, com heranças teóricas e metodológicas da Sociologia do Conhecimento, debate assuntos sobre a natureza da atividade científica e as relações e interações entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade. Dessa forma esta pesquisa concentra-se no mapeamento do campo da Sociologia da Ciência a partir de sua produção científica, a fim de revelar sua trajetória e refletir acerca da sua institucionalização enquanto área do conhecimento. Por sua vez, os estudos sobre a análise da produção do conhecimento científico podem ser incluídos no campo da Sociologia da Ciência e se tornam cada vez mais frequentes. A motivação para investigar esse tema justifica-se pelo fato de que após o surgimento da Internet várias bases de dados de artigos científicos foram disponibilizadas online o que tornou mais fácil não só o processo da coleta de dados, mas também no tratamento dos mesmos. Em vista disso, os estudos de análise da produção científica se tornaram cada vez mais recorrentes. Diante dessa realidade constitui-se como problema de pesquisa dessa dissertação investigar como se configura o campo da Sociologia da Ciência a partir de sua produção científica representada na base de dados Scopus. Os objetivos do estudo foram: a) identificar e analisar a produção científica no campo da Sociologia da Ciência a partir dos artigos científicos indexados na base de dados Scopus; b) compreender como o campo da Sociologia da Ciência se constitui internacionalmente, por meio da construção de indicadores bibliométricos da produção científica, tais como temas abordados, periódicos publicadores, autoria, distribuição temporal, institucional e geográfica dos artigos. Do ponto de vista metodológico a pesquisa apoia-se na abordagem bibliométrica e os resultados obtidos apontaram que a) o campo da Sociologia da Ciência segue em crescimento paralelamente com o campo dos Estudos Sociais da Ciência e Tecnologia; b) a Teoria Ator Rede é a metodologia com maior representatividade dentro do campo, com uma taxa de crescimento, seguida pelos Estudos Etnográficos. Esse crescimento exponencial da Teoria Ator Rede aponta a existência de certo modismo por outras áreas do conhecimento em sua utilização; c) cerca de 40% dos artigos foram escritos em colaboração.

全球極端氣候、天災頻仍，氣象訊息與民眾生活息息相關，根據中央氣象局104年調查，民眾獲得氣象資訊的管道仍以「電視」占最多數，氣象傳播是科學傳播的一環，本研究以一個颱風從生到死為範圍，對四位電視氣象主播晚間新聞時段氣象預報，分訊息呈現、媒體設計、播報展演等三個層面進行內容分析，並輔之以四位主播的深度訪談，探討國內電視氣象主播在颱風警報發佈前、警報發佈期間與警報解除後，如何對閱聽大眾進行傳播。 近年來由於媒體競爭激烈，使得電視氣象預報從颱風還在一兩千公里外就開始眾聲喧嘩。本研究發現，氣象主播的科學背景會影響其颱風播報敘事結構，對於尚處遙遠的颱風，任立渝、林嘉愷用語比較保守，戴立綱語多暗示，王淑麗暗示性最強、使用篇幅也最多。在警報發佈期間，任立渝偏重颱風分析，林嘉愷擅長運用圖表解析即時風雨狀況，戴立綱敘事強調生活化提醒閱聽人防颱防淹水，王淑麗用語相對生動活潑、善用周遭事物比擬陳述颱風。在颱風警報解除後，任立渝、林嘉愷和戴立綱立即恢復平日氣象播報格式，惟王淑麗仍停留颱風訊息的陳述。在媒體設計上，林嘉愷使用的虛擬棚、鏡面和圖表，在視覺化的設計和呈現都較其他三人為佳。在播報展演上，四位主播各有風格，任立渝誠懇嚴肅、林嘉愷草根親和、戴立綱急切亢奮、王淑麗則走輕鬆活潑路線。手勢和觸控筆是氣象主播很重要的展演，手勢是一種肢體表演，觸控筆則是展現專業分析的工具，視覺性的動態展演是聚焦觀眾注意力的方式。 綜觀分析結果，本研究也提出颱風氣象播報準則，氣象主播的長期專業形象是其一，訊息呈現的敘事結構必須隨著颱風逼近而機動調整，當颱風地處遙遠時，對於颱風的敘事以「教育」觀眾大氣環境變化為主；當颱風逐漸靠近時，颱風動態路徑的解析說明展演能力，是氣象播報的決勝關鍵；當颱風警報發佈後，對台灣陸地影響的預估解釋能力則是觀眾收視關切的重點。至於搭配的氣象鏡面宜以視覺化為原則，追求圖表色調文字簡單明瞭且可視性高，並且讓觀眾熟悉且習慣這些圖表規格的呈現，惟須避免造成視覺疲勞。而展演方式則視個人風格特色而定，有些人適合沈穩嚴肅，有些人適合親切活潑，但考量電視是視覺展演的平台，動的畫面會比靜的畫面吸引觀眾，不論是眼神、表情、手勢、觸控筆、左右走動都是牽動觀眾視覺的重要元素，讓主播的講解、動作與鏡面三者在視聽感官上的互動，達到人機一體展演的效果。 氣象主播的個性發揮與風格確立，關係品牌形象與信賴感。專業氣象人有過實務或學術訓練，如果加上好的展演訓練及觀眾緣，或者是非氣象專業的新聞人，經由豐富的新聞訓練及額外自修，都能獲得觀眾的喜愛與信賴。本研究經由對四位氣象主播播報的分析與歸納，最後提出一套颱風氣象播報準則，俾以提供有志從事電視（影音）氣象播報工作者之參考。 / Since the world has experienced extreme weather and natural disasters constantly, weather information has been closely related to the lives of human being. According to the survey conducted by the Central Meteorological Bureau in 2015, TV is still the main channel for the public to access to meteorological information and meteorological communication is a part of science communication. Based on a typhoon from the birth to death, this study explores 4 weather presenters during prime time broadcasting by the use of content analysis which includes 3 aspects: message presentation, media design and performace. Also, by conducting in-depth interviews with the 4 presenters, this study examines how the domestic weather presenters communicates with the public before and during the authorities announces the typhoon alert, and after the alert is lifted. News media face fierce competition in recent years which leads to the rise of infotainment. For example, TV weather presenter starts to dramatize the strength of typhoon when it's just 1000km or 2000km away. This study found that presenter’s academic background in science does affect the structure of narration. When typhoon is still far away and the impact is variable, Ren Li-yu and Lin Jia-kai are more likely to present with a conservative tone while Dai Li-kang is more suggestive. Wang Shu-li has the strongest suggestive tone. During the alert, Ren Li-yu focuses on the typhoon analysis, Lin Jia-kai is fond of using charts and graphics to analyze the current wind speed and rainfall. Dai Li-gang puts more emphasis on reminding audience to be cautious and to do as much as one can to prevent the typhoon. Wang Shu-li’s style is relatively lively and she tends to make an analogy with surrounding things to describe the typhoon. After the typhoon alert is lifted, Ren Li-yu, Lin Jia-kai and Dai Li-gang resumes to the usual weather broadcasting style immediately. However, Wang Shu-li’s way of presenting stays the same. From the aspect of media design, Lin Jia-kai presents in a virtual studio with particular TV screen layout, charts and graphics which is clearer and better than the other three. When it comes to performace style, the 4 presenters have their own style, Ren Li-yu is sincere and serious. On the other hand, Lin Jia-kai is more approachable and affinitive. Dai Li-gang seemed to be more aggressive and provocative. Lastly, Wang Shu-li tends to present the program with a lively style. Gestures and stylus could be important tools while presenting. Gesture weighs during broadcasting while the stylus could be used to show their professionalism, attracting more viewers. From the results of the analysis, the study also proposed typhoon forecasting criteria, first of all, the weather presenter’s long-term professional image. The narrative structure of the message must be adjusted as the typhoon approaches. When the typhoon is far away, the narration should be focused on “educating” the audience the knowledge of the atmospheric environment. While the typhoon is gradually close, the capacity to analyze the typhoon is the key to prevail against others. When the typhoon alert is announced, the ability to explain how the typhoon would impact Taiwan is the concern of audience. The key principle for weather forecast's animated background is visualization. The graphics and texts should be simple and easily digestible. Also, the program should let viewers absorb and familiarize with these presented charts. One thing that needs be avoided is visual fatigue. In terms of performace, some presenters are calm and serious, some are cordial and lively. Since television relies heavily on visualization, moving pictures are more eye-catching than still images. Otherwise, both eye contact and facial expressions, gestures, the use of touch pen, or even the body movement all play a dispensable role. Combining weather presenter’s narrative, gesture and chart, can deliver the best weather forecasting performance. TV weather presenter’s personality and personal style establishment is helpful to build brand image and earn the trust of the audience. Professional weather presenter with practical and academic training, plus good performance training; or for journalist without meteorological background, through abundant professional news training and self-study, they can win audience’s heart and trust.

<p>This dissertation extends our knowledge of digital affordances in communicating complex scientific information by building and testing a climate change adaptation website for the Colombian coffee sector, <a href="http://www.climaycafe.com/">www.climaycafe.com</a>. This project offers both a practical component (scholarship of engagement) and theoretical component (extension of our understanding of the objective/subjective nature of affordances). Practically, it seeks to create a collaborative and tailored science communication solution for improved information access to support climate change adaptation. Theoretically, it extends our understanding of affordances in a digital environment through a qualitative assessment, specifically how occupational identity influences the subjective nature of affordances. Data is gathered through an iterative qualitative assessment of users’ interpretation of the perceived affordances on the website. The results demonstrate that occupational identity has an influence on perceived digital affordances, particularly influenced by (1) Perceived Social Status of Occupation, (2) Perception of Value Based on Occupational Demands, (3) Occupational Influence on Perceived Reliability and (4) Usability Preferences Based on Occupation. We additionally found that as creators we can set general goals for digital tools and achieve general success in obtaining them, but ultimately the users will dictate their needs within this broader framework. Lastly, there is a self-identified need for more practical knowledge and information access for coffee farmers in these regions of Colombia around climate change adaptation.</p>

The Deepwater Horizon oil drilling rig exploded on April 20, 2010, off the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico. Following the spill, British Petroleum, leaser of the rig, set up a funding institution known as the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) to support research and understanding of the spill on the environments and peoples of the gulf. This outreach project was created alongside research of the RECOVER consortium, funded by GoMRI, to communicate what is happening within research labs around the country to understand the effect that the spill had on fish in pelagic and coastal regions of the gulf. The outreach project is composed of a short film (Deepwaters: The Science of a Spill, 18 min) and related outreach materials posted to Instagram (@FishandOilSpills).

Der vorliegend Band 14 der Reihe Technisches Design schlägt nach Tagungsbänden und Dissertationsschriften – dem Charakter nach eher abgeschlossene Werke – eine Brücke in die Zukunft der Forschung im Technischen Design, indem es die Textfassungen von acht Beiträgen des ersten öffentlichen Kolloquiums Technisches Design vom September 2020 beinhaltet, die allesamt aus dem Prozess laufender Promotionsvorhaben verfasst wurden. Diese acht Arbeiten stehen damit auch stellvertretend für ganz individuelle Forschungsperspektiven und Schwerpunktsetzungen innerhalb des weiten Möglichkeitsraums aktueller Designforschung. Die Design-Promovierenden stellen ihre jeweiligen aktuellen Stände und besonderen Aspekte ihrer Forschungsarbeiten zur Diskussion und erlauben damit einen Einblick in verschiedenste Phasen ebenso wie sichere und noch offene Passagen ihrer Auseinandersetzung. Die Bandbreite reicht von ausgearbeiteten Exposees der Promotionsvorhaben über die Ergebnisse systematischer Literaturanalysen bis hin zur Darstellung konkreter Untersuchungsplanungen. Alle Beiträge eint die Auseinandersetzung mit dem menschlichen Erleben und Interagieren mit gestalteten Artefakten. Innerhalb dieses Felds decken die Artefakte ein sehr breites Spektrum von nachhaltigen Materialien oder Fertigungsverfahren über vorwettbewerbliche Technologiedemonstratoren bis hin zu kollaborativen Arbeitsplätzen ab. Innerhalb der Arbeiten werden Bezüge und Fragestellungen zu Menschen und Umgebungen in interdisziplinären Entwicklungsprozessen sowie zur Beurteilung und Kommunikation von Neuem durch Expert:innen und Laien entwickelt. Mit der Bandbreite dieser acht Beiträge wird das thematische Spektrum von Promotionsvorhaben an der Professur für Technisches Design gut ausgeleuchtet und entsprechend stolz sind wir auf diesen ersten Band, der ausschließlich Arbeiten unserer Promovend:innen zeigt. Band 14 der Reihe Technisches Design gibt einen aktuellen Einblick in die Forschung an einer der größeren Designforschungseinrichtungen im deutschsprachigen Raum und lässt Sie teilhaben an empirischer Forschung zur erlebenszentrierten Entwicklung vielfältiger Mensch-Technik-Interaktion.

Das klassische Arbeiten in Unternehmen unterliegt einer Transformation – dies ist seit der im Frühjahr 2020 in Deutschland angekommenen Corona-Pandemie für die breite Bevölkerung spürbar. Aus einer oftmals vorhandenen Möglichkeit des Arbeitens von Zuhause wird plötzlich eine verbindliche Phase des Rückzugs ins Homeoffice. Aus dieser Situation heraus stellt sich vermehrt die Frage, wie sich diese Lage während und nach der Pandemie weiter entwickeln wird. Um die Innovationskraft in Unternehmen zu erhalten und zu steigern, ist eine effiziente Zusammenarbeit unterschiedlicher Disziplinen essentiell. Das im folgenden Artikel vorgestellte Forschungsvorhaben entsteht im Rahmen des globalen Innovationsmanagements der Robert Bosch GmbH am Campus für Forschung und Vorausentwicklung in Renningen. Ziel ist die Übersetzung eines regulären Coworking Space in einen sogenannten Corporate Coworking Space innerhalb eines Unternehmens. Durch eine ganzheitliche Gestaltung und Bewertung soll aufgezeigt werden, ob ein solches Vorhaben die disziplinübergreifende Zusammenarbeit unterstützen kann.

With the introduction of the Tactile Internet, the vision of democratising the access to skills and expertise for everyone is closer to realisation than ever before. Enabling humans to interact with cooperative product-service systems through technologies such as wearables, exo-skeletons or other IoT devices inhibits a potential of disruptive innovations to significantly change our everyday lives. Therefore, in order to create out of this technological advantages meaningful applications for society in general a shift in academic research is required away from purely technology-oriented to socio-economic solutions (Mazzucato, 2018).