Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som tidigare viktminskningskunder på Itrim upplever vara avgörande för att lyckas med en varaktig beteendeförändring inom kost och motion. Syftet besvarades utefter följande frågeställningar: Vilka personliga faktorer upplevs vara avgörande vid en varaktig beteendeförändring? Vilka sociala faktorer upplevs vara avgörande vid en varaktig beteendeförändring? Vilka miljömässiga faktorer upplevs vara avgörande vid en varaktig beteendeförändring? Metod Valet att göra en kvalitativ intervjustudie grundar sig på att det är deltagarnas subjektiva upplevelser som anses relevanta för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Då deras upplevelser granskas utifrån Social Cognitive Theory har studien en deduktiv ansats. Sju kvinnor intervjuades och alla är fortfarande kunder hos Itrim, som motionskunder. Samtliga deltagare har genomgått Itrims viktminskningsprogram under 1 år under perioden 2007-2009. Information och kontaktuppgifter till de kunder som passade in i studiens urval har hämtats från Itrims hälsodatabas och kundregister. Resultat Det finns många olika faktorer som påverkar en långvarig beteendeförändring, både framgångsfaktorer och faktorer som försvårar bibehållandet av vikten, såsom låg upplevd egenkontroll och bristande motivation. Närhet till träningscenter och grönområden underlättar bibehållandet av beteendeförändringen och socialt stöd och förståelse av omgivningen likaså. Självdisciplin, hög grad av egenkontroll och insikten om att det är upp till individen att ha den kosthållning och de motionsvanor som upprätthåller viktminskningen är de personliga faktorer som har störst påverkan. Slutsats Miljömässiga faktorer och sociala faktorer upplevs vara faktorer som underlättar beteendeförändringen medan personliga faktorer upplevs vara helt avgörande. Viktminskningsprogram bör därför vara utformade med de personliga faktorerna i fokus för att förebygga återfall.

Yes / By employing an extended social cognitive theory, this study examines factors (such as outcome expectation, affect, anxiety, self-efficacy and social influence) influencing intention to adopt an electronic government system called online public grievance redressal system (OPGRS) in context of India. The extended social cognitive theory (SCT) was validated using 419 responses collected from eight selected cities in India. The empirical outcomes of the proposed model indicated the significant relationships of seven hypothesised relationships between six constructs. This is the first study, which has used the SCT model to understand the adoption of an e-government system. The policy implication provided in this research can help the government to improve upon the effectiveness and quality of the system and the level of social impact on the users by employing the project champions. It also helps in enhancing their positive feelings toward adopting this system and fully utilise the potential of the OPGRS as a useful tool toward a transparent and corruption free society.

This is a written report of my experience on rehearsing and performing the production A Single Shard in Seattle Children’s Theatre from January to March of 2012. The essay documented my working process and the challenges I’ve faced throughout rehearsals and performances. This is also a reflection of my education from the graduate acting program in Department of Theatre and Dance. / text

Aim: The aim of this paper is to provide a deeper understanding of the spread of NTDs but to also determine what is missing in the health interventions that are conducted in the countries affected by NTD. Method and theory: The method used in this paper is the theory testing approach which is the Social Cognitive Theory. Development in the 1970s by A. Badura, it’s based on the concept of interaction between personal, environmental and social factors. Results: The results showed that both the previous research and today’s health interventions lack the understanding of the roll social and personal factors play in the spread of NTD. They mainly target the environmental factors and medical. Therefore, the NTDs are still endemic despite the effort during many years.

The need for sustainable packaging is growing, and plastic waste needs to be reduced. A suitable alternative could be fibre-based packaging and cartonboard, and several actions could enhance this alternative. This study investigates crosslinking, a method to create stronger bonds between the OH-groups in the material. The aim is to gather information on the potential of the concept since there is previously a limited amount of research on the specific area. The goal, in the long run, is to create stronger packaging. The study will contribute with knowledge around how crosslinking can be used to enhance the strength of cartonboard and contribute to the development of more durable material. Two research questions were formulated to investigate this.  RQ1: How does the crosslinking concept affect properties of cartonboard when applied? RQ2: What effect could the crosslinking concept have on the product area cartonboard? The research has a deductive starting point, and the project planning was agile, which allowed the study to form as the results gave new intel about the concept. The focus is on collecting qualitative data with high validity, which has been done by testing the material according to different standards. The material investigated is a folding boxboard (FBB) in four separate grammages to give an overview of the effect of the concepts. Properties evaluated include short span compression test (SCT), tensile strength, recyclability, cobb and box compression resistance tests (BCR), and more.  The results show a slight increase in SCT for the highest, 460 gsm, and lowest, 245 gsm, grammages of the materials used in this study. The recyclable is affected minimally with only a few per cent, but it remains high. However, the material becomes a bit stiffer and suffers losses in tensile strength, elongation, and tensile energy absorption. The enhanced strength seen in SCT does not show for BCR. The crosslinked material tends to crack in the creases before and after bending, especially in the highest grammage. The Cobb results indicate crosslinking shows potential to be used as a barrier to make the material more water repellent.  Conclusions drawn from the results are that even though the SCT value is enhanced for two grammages, it suffers losses in tensile strength, and the strength enhancement does not show for BCR. Therefore, the impact on the product area is not clear, and further research is recommended to understand the area more.  Suggestion for further research is to do more research in the area in general and then scale up the study to a pilot study. This would gain intel on how the concept will work in a non-laboratory situation and investigate how it could be implemented in production

Framed within a Sociocultural Theory of Mind (SCT) in the field of Second Language Acquisition (Lantolf & Thorne, 2006), this dissertation explores the role of verbalizing in the internalization of grammatical categories through the use of Concept-based Instruction (henceforth CBI) in the second language (L2) classroom. Using Vygotsky's (1986) distinction between scientific and spontaneous or everyday concepts applied to L2 development (Negueruela, 2008), this study focuses on the teaching and potential development of the grammatical concept of aspect in the Spanish L2 classroom, and the role of verbalizing in its internalization. It is proposed that verbalizing mediates between the learners' initial understandings of the grammatical concept of aspect, the development of conscious conceptualizations, and students' written and oral production of preterite and imperfect grammatical forms. This study presents and analyzes data from one of the thirty-two adult college students enrolled in an advanced Spanish conversation course. Data is analyzed through a clinical analytic approach, which has its roots in Vygotsky's (1978) genetic method of analysis. The study was carried out over a 12-week period and collected multiple sets of developmental data, including learners' definition of the grammatical concept of aspect, written performance protocols, and verbalization data recorded during two oral interviews. The study interprets learner performance in these three complementary, and dialectically connected types of L2 conceptual data. A close analysis of this participant's data provides critical insights to understand the role of verbalizing in L2 conceptual development. Findings confirm that learners' verbalizations are key factors to ascertain L2 conceptual development, as well as a mediational tool that fosters learners' internalization of the grammatical concept of aspect. It is proposed that verbalizing notably contributes to research on L2 development. Not only does it allow the researcher to have a more comprehensive picture of L2 development, but it also helps learners develop a more sophisticated semantic understanding of the grammatical concept of aspect and fosters their ability to understand and control relevant grammatical features in L2 communication.

Bakgrund: Sammanställningar på fallförebyggande åtgärder är främst centrerat kring träning men bristfällig gällande psykologiska interventioner och osäkert kring sociala interventioner. Författarna ser därav en möjlighet att sammanställa evidens genom en systematisk litteraturöversikt kring fallförebyggande åtgärder ur ett biopsykosocialt perspektiv.  Syfte: Syfte med denna studie är att genom en systematisk litteraturöversikt sammanställa forskning kring fallförebyggande åtgärder hos äldre personer. Vidare är syftet att redovisa detta ur ett biopsykosocialt perspektiv samt att bedöma samtliga inkluderade studiers kvalitet.   Metod: Författarna i denna litteraturöversikt genomförde en litteratursökning i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL Plus. Projektprocessen slutade upp med sju RCT-studier som inkluderades utifrån studiens frågeställningar och syfte och vidare granskades utifrån SBU:s granskningsmallar.  Resultat: Fysiska åtgärder sågs i form av kombinerad balans och styrka i nedre extremitet samt funktionellt inriktad träning. Psykologiska åtgärder sågs i form av MI. Sociala åtgärder sågs i form av gruppträning. Kvaliteten av inkluderade studier bedömdes som måttlig och evidensstyrkan som begränsad. Slutsatser: Fysiska åtgärder visade ge positiva utfall på mängden fall. Psykologiska åtgärder visade inte ha några positiva utfall på mängden fall. Sociala åtgärder visades stödja följsamhet av träning. Funktionell träning i grupp kan vara en relevant åtgärd i förebyggande av fall för äldre individer. / Background: Reviews of fall prevention measures are mainly centered around training but inadequate regarding psychological interventions and uncertain around social interventions. The authors see this as an opportunity to compile evidence through a systematic literature review on fall prevention measures from a biopsychosocial perspective.  Objective: The objective of this study is to compile research on fall prevention measures in the elderly. Furthermore, the purpose is to review the evidence through the lens of a biopsychosocial perspective and to assess the quality of all included studies.  Method: The authors of this literature review conducted a literature search in PubMed and CINAHL Plus. The project-process ended with seven RCT-studies that were included based on the study's questions and purpose and further examined based on SBU's review templates.  Results: Physical measures were seen in combined balance and strength in the lower extremity as well as functional training. Psychological measures were seen in the form of MI. Social measures were seen in the form of group training. The quality of the included studies was assessed to be moderate and the strength of evidence to be limited.  Conclusions: Physical measures showed positive results on the number of falls. Psychological measures did not show any positive outcomes in the number of falls. Social measures were shown to support adherence to exercise. Functional training in groups can be a relevant measure in preventing falls for older individuals.

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the difference between containerboard materials strength and stiffness properties in tension and compression, how the mechanisms behind compressive and tensile properties are affected by the relative humidity of the ambient air and how the relative humidity affects the compressive response of the fibre network. These properties are used to predict the lifetime performance of corrugated boxes and to prevent early collapses of the boxes and thereby waste or harm of the transported goods inside. The work also discusses the methods used to evaluate the different properties and how reliable the results are. The experimental part includes testing of linerboard and fluting materials from both virgin and recycled fibres, which have been conditioned at 50% and 90% relative humidity. The compression tests were filmed to evaluate if different compression failure modes can be related to the strength and stiffness of the material. The results indicated that the compressive strength and stiffness differ from the strength and stiffness values in tension at 90% relative humidity. Compressive strength is lower in both 50% and 90% relative humidity compared with the tensile strength. However, the compression stiffness shows a higher value than the tensile stiffness at 90% relative humidity. The study of the method for evaluating the compressive behaviour of the paper does not present a complete picture on what type of failure the paper actually experience.

It is widely recognised that parents play an important role in children’s emotional and intellectual development, including their success at school. Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the potential of parents to support and enhance children’s English foreign language learning, especially since English learning resources are easily accessible through electronic media. In appreciation of this, there has been an increased interest in recent years in finding ways to harness parental potential through the creation of home-school partnerships in many parts of the world, including in the field of teaching English as an additional language. An important point of departure for developing effective home-school dialogues is an informed understanding of what parents are already doing to support their children’s learning, as an awareness of this can help schools and governments provide parents with targeted input to assist and improve their efforts. However, to date, this remains under researched. Of the limited research that has been undertaken, very little has examined parental efforts to support their children’s learning at home in non-western settings, and research into parental support for children’s foreign language learning is virtually non-existent. In order to address this research gap, the study reported in this thesis examines parental support for young children’s foreign language learning in Saudi Arabia with respect to English T.V. viewing. Drawing upon Vygotsky’s concepts of mediation and the ZPD, it aims to examine the extent and the ways in which parents currently mediate their children’s viewing of English T.V. programmes in Saudi Arabia, the factors which impact on their mediation practices, and how this is seen to contribute to their children’s experience of English language learning. The study is comprised two stages. The first stage entails the distribution of a questionnaire to 500 parents of children aged 6-8, who are currently learning English in a number of private schools in Jeddah, in Saudi Arabia in order to gain a global overview of parental perspectives on mediation. This is followed by stage 2, which aims to examine the features and quality of parent-child mediational dialogues. This is achieved by collecting recordings of the dialogues of two parent-child dyads watching DVDs of English T.V. programmes over a four-week period as well as interviewing parents and their children on the experience. The results of the study show that parents believe in the importance and value of supporting their children’s learning (both in general and with regard to their EFL learning). Moreover, they show that they are actively engaged in trying to do so. However, they also highlight a number of ways in which their mediational practices could be improved so that these are less directive and more responsive to their children’s learning needs and growing ability to self-regulate. More broadly, they highlight the need to engage with the complexity of parental mediation as an activity system in discussions of the quality of mediational practice. That is, to understand that parental efforts to mediate need to be considered alongside task, sociocultural setting and, most importantly, the child’s engagement with parental efforts. A number of implications are drawn from the results of the study. Chief among these is that research into parental mediation should look at the inter-relationship between the different elements of the parental mediational system identified and that this provides richer in-depth understandings of parental efforts to support their children than are currently available from those who seek to understand this merely as parental scaffolding. In addition, it is argued that the picture this in-depth analysis revealed provides valuable information which can be used to inform the need for home-school partnerships and the support parents need to make sure they engage in these effectively in settings such as Saudi Arabia where there is currently little appreciation of the importance of parental involvement and the concept of home school partnerships remains in its infancy. In line with the emphasis on the complex multidimensional understanding of mediation as activity as illustrated by the results of the study, it is argued that efforts to promote parental involvement should primarily focus on how parents can help promote quality learning experiences for their children.

Security on the Internet is essential to ensure the privacy of an individual. Today, Trans- port Layer Security (TLS) and certificates are used to ensure this. But certificates are not enough in order to maintain confidentiality and therefore a new concept, Certificate Trans- parency (CT), has been introduced. CT improves security by allowing the analysis of sus- picious certificates. Validation by CT uses public logs that can return Signed Certificate Timestamp (SCT), which is a promise returned by the log indicating that the certificate will be added to the log. A server may then deliver the SCT to a client in three different ways: X.509v3 extension, Online Certificate Status Protocol (OSCP) stapling and TLS extension. For further analysis, we have created a tool to collect data during TLS handshakes and data transfer, including byte information, the certificates themselves, SCT delivery method and especially timing information. From our dataset we see that most websites do not use CT and the ones that use CT almost only use X.509 extension to send their SCTs.