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Master of Science / Department of Architectural Engineering and Construction Science / Sutton F. Stephens / Trusses have been a common structural system for hundreds of years. The design and analysis of trusses evolved over time to its current state. Most manual truss analyses use the methods of joints and sections under idealized conditions. These ideal conditions, including pinned connections, cause discrepancies between the ideal truss being analyzed and the actual truss being constructed. The discrepancies include joint rigidity, connection eccentricity, and transverse loading. These cause secondary stresses, which induce bending moment into the truss members due to the chord’s continuity. Secondary stresses are most severe in continuous compression chord members. In these members, secondary stresses should be addressed to determine if they are severe and should be included in the truss design, or if idealized analysis will suffice. This report aims to determine the variables that affect the magnitude of secondary stresses in continuous compression chords due to chord continuity. The variables considered are chord stiffness, truss depth, and chord efficiency. Pratt trusses with WT chords were analyzed using the commercial analysis software RISA 3D. Pinned and continuous chord trusses were compared using the interaction value for each chord member. The results were used to determine how these variables affect secondary stresses and how secondary stresses can be predicted. Evaluation criteria were examined to determine the severity of secondary stresses. These criteria examine the radius of gyration, moment of inertia, depth, and section moduli of the chord members, and the moment of inertia of the truss for determination of secondary stress severity. The results of the studies show that secondary stresses increase with increasing member stiffness, decreasing member efficiency, and decreasing truss depth. The necessity for secondary stress consideration can be determined most accurately using the radius of gyration criterion (L/r[subscript]x < 50) for the compression chord.

Therapists who specialize in trauma therapy are indirectly exposed traumatic events presented by clients within the therapeutic relationship. The potential consequences for trauma therapists may be the risk of vicarious trauma. Effective coping and self-care are essential in the practice of trauma work. The research question for this study is: Do coping skills and self-care practices in trauma therapists moderate the disruptive effect of vicarious trauma on the fulfillment of their psychological needs (trust/dependence and control)? The purpose of this research study was to examine quantitatively, the role of trauma therapists' beliefs in the effectiveness of coping skills and time spent devoted to self-care practices as moderators of the disruptive effect of vicarious trauma on their fulfillment of psychological needs of trust/dependence and control. Based on the constructive self-development theory, this study explored 2 psychological needs areas including trust/dependence and control. A sample of therapists with 10 years or more experience in the field and who primarily treated traumatized populations were recruited. A survey design methodology via a customized internet-based system was used to administer the trauma and attachment belief scale and the coping inventory scale. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was completed to address the research question and hypotheses. The results of regression analysis supported the research question. Contributions to positive social change include increased awareness of the risk of vicarious trauma and potential coping strategies necessary to address this phenomenon. Therapists may then enhance their therapeutic effectiveness and organizational service delivery to traumatized client populations.

Cette étude de l’accent secondaire en anglais britannique contemporain s’inscrit dans l’approche développée par Lionel Guierre et se compose d’un volet théorique et d’un volet empirique. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons cette approche et la comparons à d'autres théories contemporaines. Dans un second temps, après une revue de littérature, nous menons l'analyse d'un corpus de 5829 mots portant un accent secondaire. Cette étude confirme que la présence et la position de l'accent secondaire sont largement déterminées par des contraintres d'ordre rythmique. Elle révèle également des éléments nouveaux tels que le rôle joué par les préfixes sémantiquement opaques dans le placement de l'accent secondaire dans les mots dérivés et non-dérivés, le rôle de la fréquence relative entre dérivant et dérivé pour les dérivés accentués /021 (-) : ou encore l'existence d'une règle de détermination de la valeur de la voyelle accentuée dans la position initiale prétonique / This study of secondary accent in contemporary British English stands in the approach developed by Lionel Guierre and is composed of a theoretical section and an empirical section. First, we present this approach and compare it to other contemporary theories. Secondly, after a literature review, we conduct the analysis of a corpus of 5829 words carrying a secondary accent. This study confirms that the presence and position of secondary accent are largely determined by rhythmical contraints. It also reveals new elements such as the role of opaque prefixes in the placement of secondary accent in both derived an non-derived words, the role of the relative frequency of the base and its derivatives accented :021 (-)/or the existenza of a rule determining the value of the accented vowel in the initial pretonic position

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:43:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_ds_dr_arafcl.pdf: 4693120 bytes, checksum: ac0e9a0c46593fd4bab80819608c224c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese de doutorado tem por objetivo confirmar a possibilidade de uma conexão entre a música e a linguística no desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia para o estudo da prosódia de línguas mortas ou de períodos anteriores de línguas vivas. Tal metodologia baseia-se, resumidamente, na observação das proeminências musicais de textos poéticos musicados, na observação das proeminências linguísticas do texto dos poemas, junto com a observação da estrutura métrica dos mesmos. Sendo assim, partiu-se da ideia de que o tempo forte do compasso musical (o primeiro tempo) marca preferencialmente uma proeminência no nível linguístico, podendo servir de base para a localização das sílabas tônicas das palavras do texto, o que poderia fornecer pistas para o estudo do acento lexical de palavras em línguas que já não possuem falantes, nem registros orais. O corpus utilizado na pesquisa que sustenta essa tese constitui-se de um recorte das cem primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria de Afonso X, tomadas a partir das suas versões transcritas por Anglés (1943) para a notação musical atual. Os dados foram coletados por meio da elaboração de fichas de análise, as quais mostram, de maneira clara, as coincidências entre proeminências nos níveis musical e linguístico. Vale ressaltar que foram coletadas trinta e oito mil e dezoito palavras, por meio das quais foi possível analisar a atribuição do acento lexical nas três pautas prosódicas existentes no português arcaico (oxítonas, paroxítonas e proparoxítonas), além e abrirmos uma discussão a respeito da tonicidade de monossílabos e o status prosódico de clíticos; também foi possível analisar a ocorrência do acento secundário, uma das maiores contribuições deste trabalho para a descrição da prosódia dessa língua. Dialogando com os trabalhos de... / This thesis aims to confirm the possibility of a connection between Music and Linguistics on the development of a new methodology applied to the study of the prosody of dead languages or ancient periods of living languages. This methodology is based on the observation of musical prominences of poetic texts with musical notation, and on the observation of linguistic prominences of the texts, considering their metrical structure. There is a great probability of the musical stresses (the first beat of the measure) to coincide with the stressed syllable of the words. This fact provides clues for the study of lexical stress in past periods of the language. The corpus used for this research is composed by the first hundred Cantigas de Santa Maria, which were compiled by Alfonso X and transcribed for the contemporary musical notation by Anglés (1943). The data were collected by means of the elaboration of boards which show the coincidences between prominences at musical and linguistic levels. It is important to point out that thirty eight thousand and eighteen words were collected; this fact enabled the analysis of the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese. Moreover it was possible to discuss the prominence grade of monosyllables and to analyze the occurrence of secondary stresses, maybe the largest contribution of this research in the description of the prosody of that language. Dialoguing with previous researches such as Massini-Cagliari (1995, 1999, 2005) and Costa (2006) - regarding the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese - and Collishonn (1994) - regarding the secondary stress in Brazilian Portuguese - we could verify that the methodology developed in this thesis brought significant contributions for the description of the Medieval Portuguese phonological component as it allowed the analysis of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Gladis Massini-Cagliari / Banca: Gisela Collischonn / Banca: Flaviane Romani Fernandes Svartman / Banca: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Marcia Valeria Zamboni Gobbi / Resumo: Esta tese de doutorado tem por objetivo confirmar a possibilidade de uma conexão entre a música e a linguística no desenvolvimento de uma nova metodologia para o estudo da prosódia de línguas mortas ou de períodos anteriores de línguas vivas. Tal metodologia baseia-se, resumidamente, na observação das proeminências musicais de textos poéticos musicados, na observação das proeminências linguísticas do texto dos poemas, junto com a observação da estrutura métrica dos mesmos. Sendo assim, partiu-se da ideia de que o tempo forte do compasso musical (o primeiro tempo) marca preferencialmente uma proeminência no nível linguístico, podendo servir de base para a localização das sílabas tônicas das palavras do texto, o que poderia fornecer pistas para o estudo do acento lexical de palavras em línguas que já não possuem falantes, nem registros orais. O corpus utilizado na pesquisa que sustenta essa tese constitui-se de um recorte das cem primeiras Cantigas de Santa Maria de Afonso X, tomadas a partir das suas versões transcritas por Anglés (1943) para a notação musical atual. Os dados foram coletados por meio da elaboração de fichas de análise, as quais mostram, de maneira clara, as coincidências entre proeminências nos níveis musical e linguístico. Vale ressaltar que foram coletadas trinta e oito mil e dezoito palavras, por meio das quais foi possível analisar a atribuição do acento lexical nas três pautas prosódicas existentes no português arcaico (oxítonas, paroxítonas e proparoxítonas), além e abrirmos uma discussão a respeito da tonicidade de monossílabos e o status prosódico de clíticos; também foi possível analisar a ocorrência do acento secundário, uma das maiores contribuições deste trabalho para a descrição da prosódia dessa língua. Dialogando com os trabalhos de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This thesis aims to confirm the possibility of a connection between Music and Linguistics on the development of a new methodology applied to the study of the prosody of dead languages or ancient periods of living languages. This methodology is based on the observation of musical prominences of poetic texts with musical notation, and on the observation of linguistic prominences of the texts, considering their metrical structure. There is a great probability of the musical stresses (the first beat of the measure) to coincide with the stressed syllable of the words. This fact provides clues for the study of lexical stress in past periods of the language. The corpus used for this research is composed by the first hundred Cantigas de Santa Maria, which were compiled by Alfonso X and transcribed for the contemporary musical notation by Anglés (1943). The data were collected by means of the elaboration of boards which show the coincidences between prominences at musical and linguistic levels. It is important to point out that thirty eight thousand and eighteen words were collected; this fact enabled the analysis of the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese. Moreover it was possible to discuss the prominence grade of monosyllables and to analyze the occurrence of secondary stresses, maybe the largest contribution of this research in the description of the prosody of that language. Dialoguing with previous researches such as Massini-Cagliari (1995, 1999, 2005) and Costa (2006) - regarding the attribution of the lexical stress in Medieval Portuguese - and Collishonn (1994) - regarding the secondary stress in Brazilian Portuguese - we could verify that the methodology developed in this thesis brought significant contributions for the description of the Medieval Portuguese phonological component as it allowed the analysis of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

La santé mentale des professionnels en relation d’aide est sous la loupe depuis plus d’une cinquantaine d’années grâce entre autres aux travaux de Freudenberger sur le sujet. En effet, exposés dans le cadre de leur travail aux expériences et vécus traumatiques des personnes et, à la nécessité d’y apporter une réponse, les professionnels de la santé et des services sociaux sont plus à risque de troubles tant physiques que psychologiques reliés au travail. Cet enjeu entraine une vulnérabilité des organisations à travers l’absentéisme et la perte du personnel qualifié, et affecte ainsi la fourniture et la qualité de service. Des avancées ont été faites et plusieurs concepts proposés pour tenter de mieux cerner le bien-être psychologique des professionnels en relation d’aide ont émergé. Ces avancées majoritairement en silo ne permettent cependant pas d’avoir une idée globale de la problématique. La présente thèse en utilisant un échantillon d’intervenants impliqués auprès de la protection de la jeunesse propose et teste un modèle intégrant les principaux concepts sur le sujet notamment l’épuisement professionnel, la qualité de vie professionnelle (incluant la fatigue et la satisfaction de compassion), le stress traumatique secondaire, le traumatisme vicariant ainsi que des troubles apparentés ou comorbides tels que le stress posttraumatique, la dépression et l’anxiété. Le modèle inclut les caractéristiques de l’environnement de travail et l’empathie comme facteurs reliés au bien-être psychologique en relation d’aide et explore le stress perçu comme modérateur potentiel dans ce cadre. L’objectif a été poursuivi par une démarche en trois étapes dont 1) la réduction et la validation de l’échelle ProQOL-5 servant à évaluer la qualité de vie professionnelle, principal concept utilisé dans les études de bien-être psychologique en relation d’aide 2) l’exploration d’une variable intégratrice empirique représentant le bien-être psychologique en relation d’aide à partir des principaux concepts y étant reliés (épuisement professionnel, qualité de vie professionnelle, stress traumatique secondaire, traumatisme vicariant, stess posttraumatique, dépression et anxiété), et enfin 3) l’exploitation de ces résultats pour définir et tester un modèle incluant l’environnement de travail et l’empathie comme facteurs reliés au bien-être psychologique, avec le stress perçu comme modérateur potentiel. Les analyses ont permis de proposer et valider une version réduite à 16 items de l’échelle de ProQOL-5 (contre 30) avec un alpha de Cronbach de 0,87. Il en ressort également que le bien-être psychologique des professionnels en relation d’aide semble bien, tel que défini par Stamm à travers le concept de qualité de vie professionnelle, être constitué d’une composante positive, le sens d’efficacité et de satisfaction, et de deux composantes négatives à savoir l’épuisement psychologique et le traumatisme. Par ailleurs, l’environnement de travail s’est révélé un facteur important en ayant un lien significatif avec chacune des trois composantes du bien-être psychologique. En ce qui concerne l’empathie, le souci empathique s’est révélé avoir un lien positif avec le sens d’efficacité et de satisfaction, et négatif avec l’épuisement psychologique et le traumatisme. Par contre, la détresse personnelle reliée à l’engagement empathique s’est révélée avoir un lien positif avec l’épuisement psychologique et le traumatisme. Le rôle du stress perçu comme modérateur a aussi pu être validé notamment sur les liens entre l’environnement de travail et l’épuisement psychologique, l’environnement de travail et le trauma, le souci empathique et l’épuisement psychologique et finalement la détresse personnelle liée à l’empathie et le trauma. Ces résultats permettent ainsi d’avoir en un portrait, une idée globale sur le bien-être psychologique des professionnels en relation d’aide et ses liens avec l’environnement de travail et l’empathie. / The occupational mental health of child protection workers is of great concern since they are exposed directly and indirectly to traumatic experiences and involved people with special needs. In order to tailor efficient intervention programs to address this issue, one has to know the essence of the problem and which factors should be tackled. The present thesis proposed to use the major findings on studies on burnout, compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, with the aim to propose and test a model that integrates these main concepts and well-documented factors (work environment, empathy, perceived stress) in the development of child protection workers’ occupational mental health. The objective was pursued by a three-step approach including 1) the reduction and validation of the ProQOL-5, the main scale used to assess the quality of professional life of social and healthcare professionals, 2) the exploration of an empirical variable representing the social and healthcare professionals’mental health based on the main concepts related to it (burnout, compassion and satisfaction fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, vicarious trauma, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression), and finally 3) the use of these results to define and test a model including environment characteristics and empathy as related factors, and perceived stress as a potential moderator. A sample of child protection workers was used for this purpose. A reduced version of ProQOL-5 with 16 items (compared to 30) was reached. This scale showed good psychometrics with a global Cronbach’s alpha of .87 and more precisely .86 for Compassion satisfaction, .82 for Burnout, and .74 for Secondary Traumatic Stress. Results also suggested that child protection workers’ mental health seems to consist of a positive component, the sense of efficacy and satisfaction, and two negative components, namely psychological exhaustion and trauma as proposed by Stamm (through the professional quality of life concept). Work environment characteristics and empathic concern appeared to have positive links with sense of satisfaction and efficacy in child protection workers and negative links with psychological exhaustion and trauma. Conversely, personal distress empathy was found to have positive links with psychological exhaustion and trauma, and negative link with the sense of satisfaction and efficacy of child protection workers. The results also showed that these relations were moderated by the level of perceived stress. These results gave an integrated portrait of what could be the child protection workers’mental health reality and the differentiated contribution of work environment and empathy. This can help to improve interventions targeting child protection workers’ mental health.

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