Within the last few decades, the prevalence of cigarette smoking has decreased because of the vast amount of research which indicates that smoking leads to health problems many of which are potentially fatal. Also, smoking harms not only those whom choose to smoke but non-smokers in the area are affected by even low levels of cigarette smoke. Thus, cigarette smoking has become a public health concern. Around the globe, countries are passing smoke-free laws in public areas such as businesses, restaurants, and bars. In the United States, many universities have enacted smoke-free campus policies to ensure the health of all their students in all places on campus. The purpose of this research is to identify the support or opposition for a smoke-free campus policy at the University of Central Florida by UCF students. A survey was distributed to undergraduate students at UCF which asks whether they would support such a policy along with characterizing questions about their smoking habits, lifestyle, history, and opinion. The analysis of the data shows that the majority of UCF student would support a smoke-free campus policy.

While the adverse health risks associated with smoking have been well-documented, few studies have examined the cardiovascular outcomes associated with secondhand smoking. The purpose of the study was to assess the distributions and association of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS). Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016 cycle. Self-reported smoking status and cotinine levels were used to identify exposure groups (smokers, nonsmokers, and secondhand smokers), and medical history of several cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart diseases and stroke were also collected via self-report survey. The association between exposure to SHS and seven cardiovascular outcomes were analyzed using chi-square analysis and odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using two logistic regression models. The data included 5,709 subjects including 18.5% smokers, 23.6% secondhand smokers, and 57.9% nonsmokers. There was statistically significant association between exposure to SHS and only two out of seven cardiovascular outcomes, hypertension (OR 1.554, 95% CI [1.066, 2.265]) and cholesterol levels (OR 1.213, 95% CI [1.017, 1.446]). This study is one of the first to determine an association between SHS and seven cardiovascular outcomes, thus highlighting the importance of reducing SHS exposure and can be used for further research on SHS and cardiovascular health.

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This essay explores how the secondhand company Myrorna positions itself in relation to discussions surrounding sustainability and consumerism. Five of Myrornas marketing campaigns from 2010 to 2022 are individually examined through a visual semiotic analysis. Findings are then deepened through a discourse analysis where the five campaigns are discussed together. Consumer culture theory and Bourdieus theory on capital are used to deepen the discussion and to correlate findings to discourses surrounding sustainability and consumption. The results show that Myrornas marketing heavily relies on arguments around sustainability and creates a discourse of secondhand shopping as the correct consumer choice. Despite this, there is no critique of consumerism and overconsumption. Instead Myrorna position secondhand clothing as just as fashion forward and trendy as fast-fashion and use the same selling points we are used to seeing in fast-fashion marketing.

Background/Purpose: The Kids Safe and Smokefree (KiSS) trial aimed to reduce secondhand smoke exposure to children. The study used a multifaceted approach that included a pediatric clinic-level intervention, individual behavioral counseling and community services for nicotine dependence. This secondary analysis focuses on the individual behavioral counseling portion of the intervention. The purpose of this cross-sectional, secondary analysis is to investigate the factors that affect adherence in a telephone-based intervention to reduce secondhand smoke exposure to children among a low-income population of women. Methods: Of those enrolled in the KiSS study, 163 cases assigned to the intervention group were used in these secondary analyses. After reviewing the literature, 15 variables of interest were identified as potentially having an association with adherence. A Lasso regression was used to select out variables that were insignificant or “unimportant” to predicting the outcome variable, total missed phone sessions. These variables were then used in a Poisson regression to determine if there was any significant correlation with the outcome. Results: Of the 15 variables in the Lasso regression, six variables were found to potentially have an association with total missed phone sessions. These six variables include: education level, total household occupants, total household smokers, life stress score, program support score and smoking self-efficacy score. The Poisson regression determined that three of these variables did have a significant correlation with missed phone sessions. Lower education level, greater program support and smoking cessation self-efficacy related to greater number of missed phone sessions. Conclusion: Those with higher education may complete more phone sessions because they may be more familiar with the importance of not exposing their children to secondhand smoke. Greater reported program support may be related to more missed phone sessions because the participant may feel that they received the support they needed from one or two of the phone sessions and no longer needed to participate. Another reason for this relationship could be that because the participant felt so supported by the phone session counselor, if they had exposed their child to secondhand smoke, their motivation to please would hinder their adherence. Another analysis would be needed in order to confirm this hypothesis. Lastly, the participants confidence in refraining from smoking may have lead them to miss more phone sessions because they felt that they already had the tools to refrain from exposing their children to secondhand smoke exposure. This analysis confirms that there are many barriers involved in good adherence and that adherence is influenced by many factors. There is a lack of conclusive data about what affects adherence. If research could identify what improves or stunts adherence behaviors, the effectiveness of any treatment could be maximized. / Epidemiology

Cette recherche doctorale vise une meilleure compréhension des facteurs sous-tendant les phénomènes de conservation et de dépossession des biens de consommation, et se focalise plus spécifiquement sur le comportement de dépossession volontaire de vente d’occasion C to C (Consumer to Consumer). L’état de l’art de ce champ d’études, peu développé en comportement du consommateur, met en exergue des manques conceptuels et empiriques que nous investiguons au travers de trois axes de recherche : 1) les comportements du consommateur à l’égard des possessions dont il n’a plus l’utilité ; 2) les mécanismes motivationnels en œuvre dans la dépossession volontaire des biens via la vente d’occasion ; 3) les profils des consommateurs s’improvisant vendeurs, que nous nommons les «consommerçants» (contraction de «consommateur» et «commerçant»). Cinq études qualitatives exploratoires sont réalisées - une netnographie, deux vagues d’entretiens semi-directifs, un focus group, des entretiens d’expert- puis complétées par deux collectes de données quantitatives (N=127 et N=646). Le construit de Motivations à la Vente d’Occasion (MVO) apparait notamment lié au choix du circuit de vente (virtuel ou physique). Les analyses confirmatoires menées au moyen de modèles de premier et second ordre révèlent quatre dimensions du construit : récréationnelle, économique, générative, et critique. A partir de l'élaboration de l'échelle de mesure des MVO présentant des qualités psychométriques satisfaisantes (fiabilité et validité convergente, discriminante et prédictive), et des variables sociodémographiques, psychologiques et comportementales mobilisées, quatre profils de consommerçants sont identifiés. / This doctoral research aims at understanding the underlying factors associated with conservation and dispossession of consumer goods. We particularly focus on voluntary dispossession behavior through C to C (Consumer to Consumer) secondhand resale. The literature on this topic is underdeveloped by consumer behavior researchers. We address these theoretical and empirical gaps along three main research axes: 1) consumer behavior towards possessions of which they have no further use; 2) motivational mechanisms associated with voluntary dispossession through secondhand resale; 3) a typology analysis of consumers who improvise as salesmen (we classify them as “consommerçants”, by means of a French neologism combining the terms “consumer” and “tradesman” ). Five exploratory qualitative studies – a netnography, two series of semi-structured interviews, a focus group, and expert interviews – are carried out, and supplemented by two quantitative data collections (N=127 and N=646). Among other primary results, the Secondhand Selling Motivations construct (SSM) is related to the choice of distribution channel (virtual or physical). Moreover, confirmatory analyses conducted via first and second order measurement models reveals four dimensions defining this construct : recreational, economic, generative, and critical. Through the use of the SSM measurement scale, which demonstrates satisfactory psychometric qualities (reliability, as well as convergent, discriminate and predictive validity), and other demographical, psychological and behavioral variables, we establish four profiles of consommerçants via cluster analysis.

Vintage fashion och secondhandkläder har fått ett nytt ljus i dagens samhälle. Det har alltid funnits en andrahandsmarknad för kläder, men nu när det kallas vintage har det blivit högsta mode. Fler och fler söker sig till butiker eller platser som kan förse sina kunder med det annorlunda plagget som ingen annan har. Men ändå finns det ett berg av kläder som skräpar ner vårt samhälle. Vad som orsakar detta är våra gigantiska klädimperier som manipulerar konsumenterna med det ”trendiga” då det är följd av shoppande och exklusivitet. Hur vi konsumenter bär oss åt efter konsumering av våra kläder är oklart för de flesta av oss. Orsaken kan vara att man inte begrundar det som något viktigt då det bara är kläder. Även kläder kan innehålla kemikalier som kan vara skadliga för miljön. Varje dag ökar mängden avfall i samhället och att deponera avfallet på soptippen är ingen långsiktig lösning. Upplösning av avfall kan både leda till föroreningar och till starkt koncentrerade och förorenande restprodukter. Vi måste bli bättre på att hantera vårt klädesavfall så att det på sikt gynnar både den enskilda människan och vår miljö. Vi har försökt beskriva vad som ger upphov till uppkomsten av alla dessa klädesavfall och även kunna upplysa om hur man kan hantera situationen på ett bättre sätt. Det finns många olika alternativ för att på ett bättre sätt hantera våra konsumerade kläder. Berget av klädesavfall bara växer så varför inte byta kläder med varandra, låna kläder från klädbiblioteket, lämna in kläderna till respektive klädkedjor, skänka det till någon secondhandbutik eller varför inte göra om kläderna på egen hand. / <p>Vintage fashion and secondhandclothing has gained new light in today's society. There has always been a secondary market for clothes, but now that it is called vintage, it has become very fashionable. More and more people are looking for the stores or locations that can provide their customers with the different garment that no one else has. But still, there is a mountain of clothes that litter our society. What’s causing this is our gigantic clothing empires that manipulate consumers with the "trendy" when it is due to excitement and exclusivity. How we as consumers behave after the consumption of our clothing is unclear for most of us. The reason may be that you do not ponder it as something impor¬tant because it is only clothing. Even clothing may contain chemicals that can pollute the environment. Every day the amount of waste in society increases and to deposit the waste at the landfill is no long-term solution. Dissolution of waste can lead both to pollution and highly concentrated and polluting wastes. We must become better at dealing with our garment waste so that it ultimately benefits both the individual and our environment. We have tried to describe what gives rise to the emergence of all these garment waste and also to provide information on how to handle the situation better.There are many different options to better manage our clothing consumption. The mountain of garment waste only grows so why not change clothes with each other, to borrow clothes from the clothes library, provide clothes for each clothing stores, donate it to a secondhand store or why not remake the clothes on your own.</p><p>Program: Kandidat inom Magisterutbildning i fashion management med inriktning modemarknadsföring</p>

Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a harmful mixture of over 4000 chemicals released from the burning of a cigarette. It has been classified as a Class A carcinogen and exposure to SHS has been proven to be related to negative health effects in humans. Children exposed to SHS are more susceptible to negative health effects because they have higher breathing rates and immature, developing bodies. SHS has been associated with many childhood diseases, including asthma, inner ear infections, and pneumonia. SHS exposure in confined areas, such as inside a motor vehicle, is of concern due to the increased toxicity level of the SHS. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the factors associated with those who smoke in a car containing children and to determine if the estimated prevalence of those who smoke in a vehicle with children has decreased since legislation was passed in Farmington Maine in 2008. Observations were taken at different times of the day and in different seasons. Each observation period consisted of a pair of researchers whom stood at the edge of the roadside, at 7 observations sites located throughout Farmington, Maine. When a vehicle passed, the researchers recorded the child passenger(s) estimated age(s), and the adult passenger(s) estimated age(s), gender, and smoking status. Site locations were chosen based upon ease of observation and neighborhood characteristics that were used as a proxy for socioeconomic status (SES) to the location. Adult data (n=3937) were used to calculate the estimated prevalence and factors of violation. Of all adult observations from 2008 to 2010, 8.26% were observed smoking in a vehicle containing a child, 63.38% of which were male. The estimated prevalence of those smoking in a vehicle containing children decreased from 13.08% (P < .0001), when the law was first enacted in the fall of 2008, to 7.40% (P < .0001) in the fall of 2010. Smoking in vehicles containing children was observed more frequently at sites that were estimated to have a lower SES near them, such as the fairgrounds [(OR=4.48, CI95 (2.49-8.09)] and at the tobacco store location [(OR=7.47, CI95 (4.29-13.01)]. In the final model, gender was found to be significantly associated with smoking in a vehicle containing a child, with males having increased odds of violation [OR=3.13, CI95 (2.44-4.01)]. However, when stratifying by gender, there were significant differences between site locations, dates, and time of the day that males or females were observed smoking. After adjusting for gender, site location, and age, adults observed in the Fall of 2008 were significantly more likely to be smoking in vehicle than those observed in the Fall of 2010 [OR=2.25, CI95 (1.64-3.09)]. The change in prevalence between dates indicates that smoking in a vehicle not only decreased over time, but also that season could have an effect on smoking in vehicle containing children behavior.

This dissertation examines patterns of secondhand exchange in the Victorian novel as a critical counterpoint to the more frequently discussed literary representations of industrial production and consumption. Analyzing representations and transfers of well-used, secondhand, and even discarded objects as they change hands in the work of writers including Charles Dickens, George Eliot, and Henry Mayhew together with archival material, I argue that the secondhand economy reveals a cultural ambivalence toward the devaluation of material objects accompanying new modes of production, strongly tinged with a nostalgia for supposed precapitalist affective ties between persons and things. The significance of my exploration of the secondhand economy in literature is not limited to representations of material objects, however; it also facilitates a more nuanced understanding of Victorian class and especially class mobility as it relates to moments of exchange in the novel. While redirecting our attention to economically marginalized characters and the often neglected patterns of circulation that govern their social roles, it also problematizes rigid notions of class by tracing the mobility of both objects and persons as sellers and purchasers of all classes negotiate social position with the exchange of objects. Following an introduction that situates my project at the nexus of economic criticism and material culture studies, I argue that Victorian writers including Carlyle, Dickens, and Mayhew used the circulation of secondhand clothing to signify a rupture from the past and from sartorial social ties. The second chapter examines literary representations of the pawnshop in the work of Dickens and George Eliot; while the pawned object symbolizes the uncertain fate of fallen or endangered women, the site of the pawnshop itself stores forgotten history and facilitates the redemption of both persons and pledges. The third chapter examines auction narratives in the work of Thackeray, Dickens, and George Eliot, identifying in these texts the narrators' efforts to guide readers toward a more acute perception of irony and proper feelings of sympathy in response to these spectacles of dispossession. The concluding chapter revisits Mayhew, Carlyle, and Dickens to examine profitable second lives of persons and things.

L’achat d’occasion est un phénomène de consommation en plein essor. Alors que les motivations du consommateur à acheter d’occasion ont suscité de nombreuses recherches, les freins sont rarement étudiés, notamment dans le contexte de l’achat en ligne. Pourtant, une meilleure compréhension de ces freins présente des enjeux aussi bien économiques qu’environnementaux ou sociétaux. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons aux freins relatifs à la perception d’une contagion physique ou symbolique des produits d’occasion. En effet, ces freins – qui sont soulignés dans la littérature sur l’achat hors ligne – sont remis en question par le contexte spécifique de l’achat sur Internet. Nous mobilisons ainsi la théorie des lois de la magie sympathique pour étudier dans quelle mesure la loi de contagion et la loi de similitude peuvent influencer l’achat d’un produit d’occasion en ligne. Cette thèse repose sur un design expérimental comportant trois études empiriques. Les résultats obtenus permettent d’identifier des déterminants situationnels et individuels de la contagion physique ou symbolique des produits d’occasion vendus en ligne et d’étudier leur influence négative sur l’intention d’achat. Contrairement à l’achat hors ligne, nous montrons que la contagion physique repose alors sur un mécanisme cognitif. De plus, les résultats indiquent que la loi de similitude permet de limiter les effets de la contagion. En conclusion, cette recherche permet de proposer plusieurs solutions pour améliorer la vente des produits d’occasion en ligne. / Secondhand shopping is a growing phenomenon. While secondhand shopping motivations received a lot of attention in marketing literature, consumer reluctance to shop secondhand remains under-Researched, especially in an online context. Yet, the stakes in better understanding this reluctance are not only economic, but also environmental and societal. In this research, we focus on consumer reluctance that is related to the perception of a physical or symbolic contagion of secondhand products. Indeed, while this reluctance is highlighted in literature on secondhand shopping offline, its role is questioned in an online context. Hence, we use the theoretical framework of the laws of sympathetic magic to study to what extent the contagion or similarity laws influence the intention to shop secondhand online. We use an experimental design made of three empirical studies. Results enable us to identify several situational and individual antecedents of the physical or symbolic contagion associated to a secondhand product sold online, and to study how contagion negatively influences the intention to purchase. In opposite to offline shopping, we show that physical contagion relies on a cognitive mechanism. Moreover, results show that the similarity law can reduce the effects of contagion. To conclude with, this research suggests various solutions to improve the sales of secondhand products online.