Bakalauro baigiamąjį darbą sudaro teorinė (iš dviejų skyrių) ir praktinė dalys. Teorinėje darbo dalyje aptariama vietos savivaldos ir savivaldybės sampratos, atskleidžiant kaip jos kito įvairiais laikotarpiais. Pateikta vietos savivaldos principų analizė, siekiant atskleisti kaip yra įgyvendinama savivalda tiek nacionaliniu, tiek tarptautiniu lygmeniu. Analizuojant vietos savivaldos modelių tipologiją, buvo aptarti klasikinių bei konkrečiai Lietuvoje taikomų savivaldos modelių ypatumai, akcentuojant mero vaidmenį savivaldos sistemoje. Taip pat aptartos galimybės dėl tiesioginių mero rinkimų formos įgyvendinimo Lietuvoje.Empirinėje darbo dalyje atlikta dokumentų turinio analizė, siekiant atskleisti kaip kito mero kompetencijos kintant įstatyminei bazei. Analizė atskleidė, kad nors kompetencijų kiekis sulig kiekviena įstatymo redakcija ir didėjo, tačiau įgaliojimų atžvilgiu mero veikla buvo suvaržyta, tapo labiau atstovaujamojo pobūdžio dėl nuo 2003 metų pasikeitusio vietos savivaldos modelio. Ekspertų interviu metu buvo apklausti buvę ir esami Šiaulių miesto merai, kurie pateikė nuomonę analizuojamais klausimais iš savo ilgametės patirties. / Bachelor's thesis consists of theoretical (two sections) and of practical parts. The theoretical part of the paper discusses the local self-government and municipal concepts, revealing the way they changed over time. There are supplied the principles of local self-analysis in order to reveal how the implementation of self-government at both the national and international level is being realized. The analysis of the typology of local self-government models were discussed about the classical and Lithuanian cases, emphasis on the role of the mayor's municipal system. Also discussed the possibility of direct mayor elections in Lithuania.The empirical part of the work there is conducted content analysis of documents, in order to reveal how the mayor legislation changed while changing the legislation. The analysis revealed even though the amount of legal competency increased, but the powers in respect of the mayor's activities were restricted, become more representative because of the changed local self-government model in 2003. During experts interview there were interviewed present and former mayors of the city of Šauliai, who provided opinions on the issues of their long experience.

This thesis argues that despite political promises and rhetoric to the contrary the federal and provincial governments maintain through their policies, legislation, and regulations the continued assimilation of First Nations; under the guise of supporting First Nations attempts to resume governance over child and family services. It is my assertion that governments both federal, provincial and First Nations need to begin a process and transition towards self-governance in child and family services based on our traditional laws and practices, in order to ensure the continued survival of our nations. I have set out a number of preliminary options for assisting in the process of decolonization in the area of child welfare. This thesis is written from my perspective as a First Nations woman engaged in the practice of law in the area of First Nations child and family services. A perspective which is inspired by the political work of my relations in the advancement of Aboriginal rights and title in British Columbia. In chapter one I discuss the impact of colonization on First Nations children, families, communities and governments and conclude that the state (federal and provincial governments), far from promoting First Nations child welfare, have served to create enormous despair, poverty, dependency, and an erosion of First Nations cultures, languages, and governance. This chapter ends with a discussion of First Nations values, practices and traditions in relation to child rearing and "child protection. Chapter two examines the recent changes to child and family service delivery in British Columbia , changes which effectively continue the process of assimilation. Chapter three examines the current delegated model of First Nations child and family services in British Columbia. I argue that the delegated model is premised on assimilation, in that First Nations are bound to comply with the very legislative and administrative models that were illustrated in chapters one and two to have had such a devastating impact on First Nations children, families, communities and governments. Finally, the fourth chapter provides an overview of the federal and provincial constitutional framework and political "support" for self-government juxtaposed against First Nations' perspectives of their inherent right to self-government. In conclusion I propose a number of interim measures that would support First Nations resumption of self-government of child and family services . It is extremely important, in my opinion, that a process and transition towards true self-governance begin as soon as possible building upon First Nations community values and cultural practices.

Genossenschaften wirken auf manche wie ein angestaubtes Relikt aus der Vergangenheit. Das eingetrübte Image überrascht. Denn Genossenschaften haben sich immer wieder als besonders krisenfest erwiesen und längst auch als erfolgreiches Zukunftsmodell entpuppt. Der stetige Zuwachs an Neugründungen, die steigenden Mitgliederzahlen und die ständige Ausweitung der Aktionsfelder bestätigen die hohe Attraktivität. Dem entspricht eine enorme Einsatzbreite der Genossenschaftsidee. Sie reicht von Agrargenossenschaften über Produktionsgenossenschaften in Handel, Handwerk und Gewerbe bis hin zu sehr modernen Bereichen etwa der neuen Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien. In all diesen und vielen anderen Segmenten finden sich variantenreiche genossenschaftliche Gestaltungsoptionen nach Maximen wie Selbsthilfe, Solidarität, Bürgerengagement, Partizipation, Mitglieder- und Gemeinwohlorientierung. Inzwischen lockt die hohe Anziehungskraft der Genossenschaftsidee auch die Kommunen. Angestoßen durch gesetzgeberische Impulse erleben die Genossenschaften auf der kommunalen Ebene derzeit bundesweit einen richtigen Aufschwung. Die Aufwertung erweitert die Überlegungen zur Gewährleistung und Optimierung kommunaler Leistungserbringung um eine wichtige Gestaltungsvariante, nimmt aber den Kommunen die Auswahlentscheidung nicht ab. Denn wie bei allen Organisationsentscheidungen ist vor dem Rückgriff auf genossenschaftliche Organisationsformen in jedem Einzelfall eine nüchterne aufgaben-, sach- und situationsbezogene Vergleichsanalyse geboten, die den Entscheidungsträgern spezifische Kenntnisse und detaillierte Fachkompetenz abverlangt. Die 19. Fachtagung des KWI diskutiert rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen und normative Direktiven, praktische Erfahrungen, Einsatzfelder, Erfolgsbedingungen und Fallstricke in der Praxis.

Esta tese aborda um conjunto variado de práticas que constituem modos sensíveis de criação infantil, que fazem parte um processo mais amplo de psicologização das camadas médias ocorrido nas últimas décadas no Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa etnográfica na qual se transitou por diversos espaços vinculados ao “parto ativo”, à “criação com apego” e à educação engajada de crianças. Inicialmente, argumento que a noção de apego, ao (re)configurar o choro infantil como manifestação de um comportamento natural de agenciamento do bebê por vínculo afetivo e contato corporal, opera uma configuração totalizante que entrelaça o corpo ao ambiente. Nesse sentido, o ambiente e as relações experimentadas pela criança recobram um papel fundamental, sendo produzidos dois “tipos” de ambiente. Um capaz de atuar com intensidade sobre a criança de modo a conformá-la, representado pelas noções de aculturação, transmissão e socialização. E outro que opera de maneira mais sutil, em comunhão com a capacidade de a criança agenciar sua própria aprendizagem a partir de seus gostos, desejos, necessidades, percepções e sentimentos, que tem no horizonte o desenvolvimento da autonomia. Tentando escapar da reprodução de dualismos como natureza/cultura e indivíduo/sociedade, volto minha atenção para as práticas cotidianas a fim de investigar como essa aprendizagem acontece e como os adultos se recriam enquanto criam seus filhos, evidenciando as gramáticas emocionais em jogo. Por fim, argumento que práticas de criação infantil nas quais são criticadas a disciplina e a normalização, ao passo em que são exaltados o protagonismo, a liberdade e a autonomia (em suma, o governo de si), podem estar articuladas a outros modos mais sutis de governar os outros. / This dissertation approaches a set of practices that constitute what I have called sensitive modes of child rearing, as part of a broader psychologization process of the middle classes seen in Brazil in the last decades. I conducted ethnographic research among different spaces linked to “active birth”, “attachment parenting” and engaged child education. Initially, I argue that the notion of attachment, as it (re)configures infant crying as a manifestation of a natural behavior of baby agency towards affective bond and bodily contact, operates a totalizing configuration that interweaves the body and the environment. In this sense, the environment and the relationships experienced by the child play a fundamental role, producing two "types" of environment: one able to act intensely upon the child in order to conform it, represented by the notions of acculturation, transmission and socialization; and another that operates more subtly, in communion with the child's ability to organize his/her own learning from his/her tastes, desires, needs, perceptions and feelings, which has on the horizon the development of autonomy. Avoiding the reproduction of dualisms such as nature/culture and individual/society, I turn my attention to everyday practices to investigate how this learning happens and how adults recreate themselves as they raise their children, evidencing the emotional grammars at play. Finally, I argue that child-rearing practices in which discipline and normalization are criticized, while protagonism, freedom, and autonomy (in short, selfgovernment) are exalted, may be articulated in other, more subtle ways to govern others.

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-08-26T15:23:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MAURÍCIO SOUZA SAMPAIO.pdf: 1302755 bytes, checksum: 880764e58ccedd0cd25b39d55b21f50a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-08-26T15:24:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MAURÍCIO SOUZA SAMPAIO.pdf: 1302755 bytes, checksum: 880764e58ccedd0cd25b39d55b21f50a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-26T15:24:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MAURÍCIO SOUZA SAMPAIO.pdf: 1302755 bytes, checksum: 880764e58ccedd0cd25b39d55b21f50a (MD5) / Essa dissertação tem como proposta uma análise da Democracia Semidireta no Brasil pautada numa suposta crise, causada pelos problemas atuais da representação política e pelos limites dos instrumentos de participação direta. Para iniciar, faz-se necessário fazer uma abordagem do que é estado e seus elementos estruturais: formas de governo; povo, participação e cidadania; regimes políticos, aludindo-se com especificidade à Democracia Semidireta, que é o caso brasileiro, suas características, conceitos, histórico, institutos etc. Diante disso, caberá uma análise mais específica e profunda da representação política e suas características, voltando-se principalmente à demonstração da grave crise por que passa essa parte da Democracia Semidireta, além de abordagens acerca dos mecanismos propostos pela legislação à participação popular, especificamente, nas atividades legislativas: o plebiscito, o referendo e a iniciativa popular e suas limitações, tanto as formais quanto as materiais, impostas pela legislação à participação direta da população, o que gera, desta forma, a contestação do Brasil como verdadeira Democracia, em virtude da falta de uso efetivo, como deveria ser, dos institutos acima mencionados e do desvirtuamento da representação política. O objetivo do texto é, portanto, tentar demonstrar que, em razão da excessiva gama de limitações aos mecanismos de participação direta da população e de toda problemática da representatividade, a definição do Regime Político da Constituição Federal brasileira, de 1988, como Democracia Semidireta, ou mesmo como uma Democracia, torna-se discutível e contestável.

In this diploma thesis accounting and management with property in Dačice town is described. The purpose of this is to recognize dissimilarities in accounting between the year 2010 and the following one. In 2010 an accounting reform implementation started in the area of public finances. Analyzed accounting entity had to respect this reform and implement necessary changes in its management. Changes contained especially chart of accounts, the ways of accounting and recognition in closing of accounts. The other of this work was to describe property management in Dačice town. It was ascertained, that Dačice town manages appropriately with its property; in the monitored period positive values in fixed assets were recorded. Dačice town had to implement multiple changes in accounts management after 2010, which did not influenced its property management.

Esta tese aborda um conjunto variado de práticas que constituem modos sensíveis de criação infantil, que fazem parte um processo mais amplo de psicologização das camadas médias ocorrido nas últimas décadas no Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa etnográfica na qual se transitou por diversos espaços vinculados ao “parto ativo”, à “criação com apego” e à educação engajada de crianças. Inicialmente, argumento que a noção de apego, ao (re)configurar o choro infantil como manifestação de um comportamento natural de agenciamento do bebê por vínculo afetivo e contato corporal, opera uma configuração totalizante que entrelaça o corpo ao ambiente. Nesse sentido, o ambiente e as relações experimentadas pela criança recobram um papel fundamental, sendo produzidos dois “tipos” de ambiente. Um capaz de atuar com intensidade sobre a criança de modo a conformá-la, representado pelas noções de aculturação, transmissão e socialização. E outro que opera de maneira mais sutil, em comunhão com a capacidade de a criança agenciar sua própria aprendizagem a partir de seus gostos, desejos, necessidades, percepções e sentimentos, que tem no horizonte o desenvolvimento da autonomia. Tentando escapar da reprodução de dualismos como natureza/cultura e indivíduo/sociedade, volto minha atenção para as práticas cotidianas a fim de investigar como essa aprendizagem acontece e como os adultos se recriam enquanto criam seus filhos, evidenciando as gramáticas emocionais em jogo. Por fim, argumento que práticas de criação infantil nas quais são criticadas a disciplina e a normalização, ao passo em que são exaltados o protagonismo, a liberdade e a autonomia (em suma, o governo de si), podem estar articuladas a outros modos mais sutis de governar os outros. / This dissertation approaches a set of practices that constitute what I have called sensitive modes of child rearing, as part of a broader psychologization process of the middle classes seen in Brazil in the last decades. I conducted ethnographic research among different spaces linked to “active birth”, “attachment parenting” and engaged child education. Initially, I argue that the notion of attachment, as it (re)configures infant crying as a manifestation of a natural behavior of baby agency towards affective bond and bodily contact, operates a totalizing configuration that interweaves the body and the environment. In this sense, the environment and the relationships experienced by the child play a fundamental role, producing two "types" of environment: one able to act intensely upon the child in order to conform it, represented by the notions of acculturation, transmission and socialization; and another that operates more subtly, in communion with the child's ability to organize his/her own learning from his/her tastes, desires, needs, perceptions and feelings, which has on the horizon the development of autonomy. Avoiding the reproduction of dualisms such as nature/culture and individual/society, I turn my attention to everyday practices to investigate how this learning happens and how adults recreate themselves as they raise their children, evidencing the emotional grammars at play. Finally, I argue that child-rearing practices in which discipline and normalization are criticized, while protagonism, freedom, and autonomy (in short, selfgovernment) are exalted, may be articulated in other, more subtle ways to govern others.

The aim of this diploma thesis is analysis of roots KPC's successes in elections among Prague voters during interwar period. In the centre of the interest is readiness of historical actors for political activism, active participation in demonstrations and the reasons of less evident support, which was manifested through preferences of voters. By methods of social and cultural history this work reconstructs social nets of participants, supporters, activists and voters of KPC during interwar period with special attention on cause of shift individuals toward communist movement. The complex built from ideological discourse and social representations of power of working class, which was transmitted through organizational structures of party, was created with intention to make working class with strong political consciousness - in the other words, with purpose to create group of convinced communists. To catch the process of construction of communist movement members mentality in point of intersection with activity of communist organisations focused to improve of poor lives of Prague periphery inhabitants can offer new point of view on specific position of communist movement in interwar Czechoslovak society. Key words: Communist movement, slums, interwar Prague, election, political activism, ideological...

Diplomová práce se zabývá problémy současného územního členění České republiky. Základním východiskem práce je charakteristika historického, právního a společenského kontextu územního členění státu. Na tomto podkladě je následně proveden rozbor hlavních oblémů územního členění České republiky a navrženy eventuální možnosti řešení. První teoretická část je věnována fenoménu územního členění z pohledu obecné státovědy a sociální Uherské monarchie až po reformu veřejné správy provedenou po vzniku samostatné České republiky. Pozornost je zaměřena především na popis a hodnocení dobových koncepcí územního uspořádání a na proměny jednotlivých typů územních celků v čase. Třet zaměřena na úpravu územního členění v rovině ústavního pořádku České republiky. Jde zejména o rozbor relevantních obecných článků Ústavy včetně preambule. Samostatný pododdíl je potom věnován české koncepci územní samosprávy v podobě obcí a vyšších územně samosprávných celků. Drobná úvaha je rovněž věnována nejednoznačnému postavení statutárních měst. Čtvrtý oddíl se zaměřuje na právní úpravu administrativního členění České republiky. Práce poskytuje přehled správních obvodů ve formě obcí, vojenských újezdů, okresů, krajů a zvláštního postavení hlavního města Prahy. Je poukázáno na kolizi správních a samosprávných krajů a rovněž je zdůrazněn...

This thesis argues that despite political promises and rhetoric to the contrary the federal and provincial governments maintain through their policies, legislation, and regulations the continued assimilation of First Nations; under the guise of supporting First Nations attempts to resume governance over child and family services. It is my assertion that governments both federal, provincial and First Nations need to begin a process and transition towards self-governance in child and family services based on our traditional laws and practices, in order to ensure the continued survival of our nations. I have set out a number of preliminary options for assisting in the process of decolonization in the area of child welfare. This thesis is written from my perspective as a First Nations woman engaged in the practice of law in the area of First Nations child and family services. A perspective which is inspired by the political work of my relations in the advancement of Aboriginal rights and title in British Columbia. In chapter one I discuss the impact of colonization on First Nations children, families, communities and governments and conclude that the state (federal and provincial governments), far from promoting First Nations child welfare, have served to create enormous despair, poverty, dependency, and an erosion of First Nations cultures, languages, and governance. This chapter ends with a discussion of First Nations values, practices and traditions in relation to child rearing and "child protection. Chapter two examines the recent changes to child and family service delivery in British Columbia , changes which effectively continue the process of assimilation. Chapter three examines the current delegated model of First Nations child and family services in British Columbia. I argue that the delegated model is premised on assimilation, in that First Nations are bound to comply with the very legislative and administrative models that were illustrated in chapters one and two to have had such a devastating impact on First Nations children, families, communities and governments. Finally, the fourth chapter provides an overview of the federal and provincial constitutional framework and political "support" for self-government juxtaposed against First Nations' perspectives of their inherent right to self-government. In conclusion I propose a number of interim measures that would support First Nations resumption of self-government of child and family services . It is extremely important, in my opinion, that a process and transition towards true self-governance begin as soon as possible building upon First Nations community values and cultural practices. / Law, Peter A. Allard School of / Graduate