Work motivation has been a topic of significance for a very long time, however, since there has been a recent shift towards remote work, traditional motivational theories might need to be reconsidered and applied to the new way of working. The self-determination theory (SDT) is one of many motivational theories, which says that once the three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are reached, individuals will experience high amounts of motivation. In order to dive deeper into the topic of motivation in remote work, the purpose of our study is therefore to explore this area of research by examining how managerial support measures could be aimed at ensuring the feeling of autonomy, competence and relatedness, and in turn manage to possibly sustain motivation among remote workers.  With the aim of reaching and fulfilling the purpose of this study, in-depth interviews were conducted with five remote workers working in start-ups or SMEs within the IT sectors, or within companies with a digital focus. The data which we collected through interviews was then thematically analysed by careful coding and put into a variety of themes. Following the presentation of our findings was a meticulous analysis of the generated data, which was the base for our final conclusions drawn on the subject.  From the findings, we were able to conclude that autonomy achieved high scores in remote work, and was without exceptions fulfilled for all of our interview subjects. Within competence, the most challenges were detected, however the right supporting measures, like facilitating information sharing, would be able to work against these issues. Lastly, relatedness is oftentimes severely lacking within remote work due to the implied distance, however due to conscious choices to work remotely, individuals will be aware of decreasing relatedness when they start their journey of working remotely. Nonetheless, supporting measures like organising social gatherings or workshops, can limit the lack of feeling relatedness in the remote workplace.  This study can assist future researchers that are conducting studies within the growing remote work environment. Furthermore, it can help managers in the workplace to gain an updated view on motivation in remote working, and shift perspective to remotely adapted supporting measures.

Covid-pandemin förändrade det moderna arbetslivet och distansarbete tros vara här för att stanna. I en kvantitativ studie undersöktes hur distansarbete relaterar till autonom motivation med utgångspunkt i självbestämmandeteorin för motivation och med ett särskilt fokus på arbetsrelationer, då behovet av samhörighet riskerar att bli lidande under distansarbete. Tidigare forskning har visat att distansarbete kan bidra till social isolering, sämre kontakt med kollegor och ensamhet vilket föreslår att distansarbetet bidrar till sämre arbetsrelationer. Hypotesen blev således att distansarbete har ett negativt samband med autonom motivation och att sambandet medieras av arbetsrelationer. I denna studie, som genomfördes via en enkät till 125 deltagare i ett bekvämlighetsurval, hittades inget sådant samband. Däremot fann man ett positivt samband mellan arbetsrelationer och autonom motivation. Studien har vissa begränsningar man bör ha i åtanke, bland annat en låg andel undersökningsdeltagare som arbetar mycket på distans. Framtida studier föreslås att efterforska vidare hur distansarbete relaterar till arbetsrelationer och motivation, men med ett mer strategiskt urval och longitudinell design.

In recent years, Swedish school children have experienced a decline in reading motivation. This is no less true for middle school students both in and outside of school. This thesis aims to find ways in which robot book-talks can be used in a school setting to motivate middle schoolers to read. With a Research through Design approach, the study also aims to find recommendations for designers in the future. These goals were achieved through a design process in three phases, in which the author developed and tested book-talks between fourth graders and the robot Furhat from Furhat Robotics, using the Wizard of Oz (WOZ) technique. In the final evaluative phase, the students had book-talks with Furhat in two different modes, over two sessions. In Passive mode, the robot asked general questions and made little effort to make sure the students were concentrating on the task. This mode served as a baseline for the “novelty effect”. The other – Active mode – built on the ideas created throughout the process. In this mode, the robot asked questions directly related to the students’ books and made more effort to guide the students through their task. Results show that while the robot interaction was appreciated by all partaking students, it was not possible to prove if it spurred genuine reading motivation. Nevertheless, results showed that the interaction could potentially fulfil the basic psychological needs of competence and relatedness. Along with autonomy, both needs are fundamental to motivation and well-being, according to Self-Determination Theory. The book-talks’ effect on students’ autonomy could not be tested properly, as there were too few copies of the books which the students could read for the book-talks. The study also showed signs of the “novelty effect”, as some students were interested in reading more so that they could talk to the robot again. Three main takeaways for future designers were found as a result of the study: using Self-Determination Theory to create UX goals and to design; make designs that encourage people to interact with people; both follow and guide the users throughout the WOZ interaction, to create moments where the students can experience relatedness and show competence.

An improved working model at the daily activity center. An improvement work and a qualitative study on the perception of professionals on motivating participants with high-functioning autism to attend daily activities. Despite daily activities efforts to contribute to personal development, through offering meaningful activities, attendance among participants with high-functioning autism is low as those who have been granted the decision do not fully attend. This increases the likelihood of social isolation. In the absence of evidence-based working methods, the improvement team tested whether modifying the ordinary model would increase participants' attendance. This was through incorporating a model called Step Out. Step Out’s five components focused on increasing participants' motivation, by the professionals seeing the big picture, actively creating trust, working with solution-focused methods, and using motivational interviews. Four participants with low attendance were selected to take part in the intervention. The improvement work was conducted at a daily activity center in a small city in Sothern Sweden. The improvement work aimed to understand why the attendance of participants was low and to increase participant attendance through Step Out. The study aimed to gain an understanding of the professionals' perception of working with Step Out in the improvement work. The study was conducted through a qualitative study with five individual interviews and where the self-determination theory formed the basis for the analysis of professionals' perceptions. The results indicate that the smart goal to double the average attendance of the participants during the intervention was achieved in two participants but was not achieved in the other two participants. In addition, six reasons were shared by the participants on why they did not attend their daily activities. The professionals perceived that Step Out had given them new tools to strengthen the participant's autonomy, competence, and sense of belonging. Structural barriers were perceived as the greatest hindrance to the implementation of Step Out. In conclusion, participants are individuals with unique skills and interests, and professionals at the daily activity center must use an individualized approach.  Keywords: low-attendance, motivation, self-determination theory, Step Out / Ett förbättrat arbetssätt på dagligverksamheten. Ett förbättringsarbete samt en kvalitativ studie om de professionellas uppfattning om att motivera deltagarna med högfungerande autism att delta på daglig verksamhet. Trots Daglig verksamhets goda intentioner att bidra till personlig utveckling och främja delaktighet i samhället genom att erbjuda meningsfull sysselsättning, är närvaron bland deltagarna med högfungerande autism låg eftersom de som beviljats insatser inte deltar fullt ut.  Detta ökar risken för social isolering.  I brist på evidens-baserade arbetsmetoder testade förbättringsteamet att modifiera den ordinarie arbetsmodellen genom att införliva en modell som heter Kliv Ut.  Kliv Ut bestod av fem delar vars fokus låg på att öka deltagarnas motivation. Detta till dels genom att personalen skaffade sig en mer komplett bild av deltagaren, delvist genom ett aktivt skapande av initialt förtroende hos deltagarna, delvist lösningsfokuserade arbetsmetoder samt motiverande samtal. Fyra deltagarna med låg närvaro valdes ut för att delta i interventionen. Förbättringsarbetet genomfördes på en dagligverksamhet i en mindre stad i södra Sverige. Syftet med förbättringsarbetet var att förstå varför deltagarnas närvaro var låg och att öka närvaron med modellen Kliv Ut. Syftet med studien var att förstå de professionellas uppfattningar om att arbeta med Kliv Ut under förbättringsarbetet. Studien genomfördes genom en kvalitativstudie med fem enskilda intervjuer där självbestämmande teori utgjorde underlag för analys av de professionellas uppfattningar av Kliv Ut.  Resultaten visade att SMART-målet att fördubbla deltagarnas genomsnittliga närvaro under interventionsperioden uppnåddes för två av deltagarna men inte hos två. Dessutom identifierades sex grundläggande orsaker till att deltagarna inte deltog i sina dagliga aktiviteter. De professionella uppfattade att Kliv Ut hade gett dem nya verktyg att stärka deltagarnas autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighet. Strukturella barriär identifierades av de professionella som det största hindret att genomföra Kliv Ut.  Sammanfattningsvis betraktas deltagarna som individer med unika färdigheter och personliga intressen varför de som arbetar på dagligverksamheten behöver använda ett genomgående individanpassat tillvägagångssätt.   Nyckelord: låg närvaro, motivation, självbestämmande teori, kliv ut

Through the use of multiple methodologies and analytical approaches, this dissertation combines (1) sales control; (2) call center service; and (3) motivational theory to extend sales control literature beyond its current state, to consider the conflicting motivational perspectives an inside sales agent has to experience. To achieve this unification, this dissertation consists of three essays intended to: (1) identify the influence of autonomous and controlled motivation on operational sales outcome controls and performance; (2) explore the influence these motivators have on sales controls and sales performance; and, (3) understand the impact of autonomous and controlled motivation on sales agent tenure.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate physical education teachers, from the upper secondary school's, view of martial arts teaching in the subject of physical education. The study also examined physical education teachers' views on challenges and self-strengthening elements that are linked to martial arts teaching in the subject of physical education. The study was carried outwith six semi-structured in-depth interviews with physical education teachers from western. The results showed that a large proportion of the teachers had similar views on the suitability of martial arts in school. Their responses were consistent with previous research on the benefits of martial arts lessons for students. Based on self-strengthening elements and challenges with martial arts, the teachers had different points of view. This was due to the different levels of knowledge in the martial arts.

This thesis explores the distribution of Hexad player types present within game development students currently studying at the University of Skövde. The study isgrounded in self-determination theory and previous player typology studies. Data was gathered through a survey distributed through email and posters to the students at the university. A total of 78 participants were recruited for the survey through that method. The data gathered was analyzed and some differences were made evident between different disciplines. Additionally, the participants' motivations for playing games were explored where trends pointing towards students analyzing games for personal interest was found. However, this would have to be further explored to conclude fully.

Detta examensarbete har, inspirerat av diskursteori, syftat till att fördjupa kunskaper om körmetodik för erfarenhetsmässigt blandade körgrupper. Utgångspunkterna har varit ämnena motivation, frivillig kontra obligatorisk musikundervisning, enskilt och kollektivt musicerande, Self Determination Theory, nivågruppering, gamifiering, skolans roll i samhället, körmetodik, genrer, relationellt arbete och musikens potential till emotionella uttrycksformer, om hur stor vikt det har för unga och vuxna musikutövare. Sex musikgymnasieelever med skilda genreinriktningar och huvudinstrument har intervjuats i två halvstrukturerade gruppintervjuer. Några av samtalsämnena var vad som var mest respektive minst stimulerande i sin obligatoriska körundervisning, och hur eleverna har påverkats som musiker av kören. Resultatet visar på att eleverna har blivit bättre notläsning och gehör, och att de har upplevt undervisningen som musikaliskt givande och lärorik när repertoaren varit stimulerande, repetitionstempot väl avvägt och när repetitioner och konserter har varit roliga att vara med om, på grund av en hög musikalisk nivå. Eleverna har upplevt väntan på andra stämmor som repeterar, ostimulerande repertoar, lektionstid på sena fredagar och för snabbt repetitionstempo i större icke nivågrupperade körgrupper som några av de största problemen. I diskussionen och slutsatserna fastställs, utefter detta examensarbetes omfattning, att ämnesdidaktiskt kompetenta körpedagoger, gott relationellt arbete, nivågruppering, välanpassade repertoarval, inslag av fysisk aktivitet, samt improvisation och komposition är några av verktygen som kan bidra till stärkt motivation och lärande i körsångsundervisning.

How to motivate students effectively is a question teachers have asked for thousands ofyears. In my teaching program at Malmö University, a variety of teaching methods andapproaches, that also increase motivation, have come into focus. These include:teaching at the right level, using a variety of teaching methods, seeing every student,being enthusiastic about the material, using formative evaluation, connecting lessons tostudents’ everyday life, and adapting classes to students’ interests. The aim of this studyis to find out how secondary students in a social science program perceive teachingmethods and approaches aimed at increasing motivation, and determine which methodsthey perceive as most/least effective. The study used both qualitative and quantitativemethods. 23 upper-secondary students from a class at a school in southern Swedenwere interviewed in four focus groups, where participants were purposefully sampled.10 of these students were also asked to complete a questionnaire ranking the teachingmethods and approaches on a scale of 1-7 (where 1 was most effective at increasingmotivation and 7 least effective), and the mean values of these scores were used in theanalysis. A phenomenological approach and content analysis were used to code andanalyze the data. Students perceived all of the motivational methods to be effective, themost effective being teaching lessons at the right level, followed by using a variety ofteaching methods, with mean values of 1.9 and 3.2, respectively. Adapting lessons tostudents’ interests and connecting them to everyday life were the least effective, withmean values of 5.6 and 5.7, respectively. The categories of teachers having a positiveattitude towards the material and the students, and seeing every student, had the samemean value, 3.8, while formative evaluation had a mean value of 3.9. When trying tomotivate students, it would thus appear more effective to make sure that lessons aretaught at the right level and that teachers vary the lessons, than to adapt lessons tostudents’ interests or connect the material to everyday life. While this was a small studyand the findings cannot be generalized to school populations, they are of high interestfor the researcher.