Thesis (M.Ed. (Curriculum Studies)) --University of Limpopo, 2013 / This dissertation investigated the the practice of self-reflection by primary school teachers in the Mankweng Circuit, Capricorn District. The aim of the research was to investigate the practice of self-reflection by primary school teachers, in order to suggest and encourage them to use reflective models that will help them improve their practice. The literature revealed that the use reflective models can help teachers to realize their mistakes and improve their practice. Furthermore, the literature revealed that if teachers are exposed to multiple reflective models, they will be able to choose the best model that is appropriate to their practice. The study also focused on the theory of Henderson‟s Ethical Model on Enquiry on Reflective Practice. The theory discusses what characterizes reflective practitioner. This theory explains that reflective teachers are experts who know their subject matter and are able to teach it well. This study was conducted in order to gain a greater insight and comprehensive understanding of the research problem, that is, Self-reflection is expected to all teachers but is seldom enforced. In policy documents, self-reflection is stipulated but there are no formalised templates that guide, monitor and evaluate how teachers reflect on their own practice. This may also result in teachers not reflecting on their work at all and not regarding self-reflection as part of the teaching process; and treat it as a separate issue. The methodology used in this study was qualitative approach. Phenomenological research design was adopted; and in terms of data collection tools, open-ended questionnaires and interviews were used. The findings of this study revealed that teachers in primary schools of Mankweng Circuit do not reflect on their practice because of the heavy work-load that they have. The study further revealed that teachers must be trained to use reflective models to improve their practice. Lastly, the study has recommended a new reflective model for a rural primary school context. The model is titled Big four reflective model: critical thinker; resource allocator, problem solver and practice developer. The model is recommended to be used in teaching in primary schools. iii

<p>Allt fler företag fördjupar sig i personalutveckling och arbetstillfredsställelse. Arbetstillfredsställelse har kopplats till begreppet ”core self-evaluation” (CSE), som bygger på fyra personlighetsdrag: generell self-efficacy, locus of control, neurotisism och självkänsla. Studien sökte svar på vilken inverkan CSE och bassjälvkänsla har på arbetstillfredsställelse samt om dessa variabler skiljer sig åt mellan yrkesgrupper. En enkätstudie med 103 respondenter i tre olika yrkesgrupper genomfördes i två städer i mellersta Sverige. Variablerna mättes med etablerade test för core self-evaluations, arbetstillfredsställelse och bassjälvkänsla. Den enda prediktorn för arbetstillfredsställelse visade sig vara bassjälvkänsla. Resultatet diskuteras bland annat utifrån M. Johnsons (1997) teori om bassjälvkänslans betydelse för individens grundtrygghet.</p>

Allt fler företag fördjupar sig i personalutveckling och arbetstillfredsställelse. Arbetstillfredsställelse har kopplats till begreppet ”core self-evaluation” (CSE), som bygger på fyra personlighetsdrag: generell self-efficacy, locus of control, neurotisism och självkänsla. Studien sökte svar på vilken inverkan CSE och bassjälvkänsla har på arbetstillfredsställelse samt om dessa variabler skiljer sig åt mellan yrkesgrupper. En enkätstudie med 103 respondenter i tre olika yrkesgrupper genomfördes i två städer i mellersta Sverige. Variablerna mättes med etablerade test för core self-evaluations, arbetstillfredsställelse och bassjälvkänsla. Den enda prediktorn för arbetstillfredsställelse visade sig vara bassjälvkänsla. Resultatet diskuteras bland annat utifrån M. Johnsons (1997) teori om bassjälvkänslans betydelse för individens grundtrygghet.

Bakgrund Tal- och språkstörningar kan leda till och nedsatt kommunikation och förmåga att delta i samtal. Självskattning anses som ett otillräckligt mått på taltid och objektiva mätmetoder behövs som komplement. Många patienter i logopedbehandling är pensionärer men det saknas forskning om taltid inom denna åldersgrupp. Syfte Att samla in referensdata om fonationstid hos en grupp friska pensionärer och utvärdera röstackumulatorn VoxLog som mätinstrument av taltid. Metod Tjugo pensionärer deltog i studien, varav tio kvinnor och tio män i åldrarna 66-75 år. Deltagarna bar VoxLog åtta timmar per dag i tre dagar och fyllde i en aktivitetsdagbok med en självskattningsskala för taltid samt ett utvärderingsformulär. Resultat Fonationstiden i medeltal för samtliga deltagare var 9,9 % med spridningen 2,7–23,5 %. De kvinnliga deltagarna hade en signifikant längre genomsnittlig fonationstid (12,8 %) än de manliga deltagarna (7,0 %). En signifikant korrelation sågs mellan självskattning och fonationstid på gruppnivå, men en lägre överensstämmelse på individnivå. Deltagarna hade överlag positiva erfarenheter av VoxLog men vissa problem med teknik och bekvämlighet samt missförstånd av instruktioner påverkade användningen. Slutsatser Studien har bidragit med referensvärden för fonationstid, vilket kan användas i forskning och i klinisk verksamhet. Registrering av fonationstid med VoxLog kan användas för att skatta taltid och komplettera självskattning, men vissa begränsningar i metoden bör tas i beaktande. Framtida studier kan inriktas på att undersöka hur VoxLog upplevs av patienter samt att ta fram normvärden. / Background Speech and language disorders lead to limitations in communication and ability to participate in conversation. Self-reported questionnaires are considered an insufficient measure of speaking time, so that objective complementary measuring methods are needed. Many patients undergoing speech-language pathology treatment are retired, but no data about speaking time in this group exists. Aim To collect reference data about phonation time, from a group of healthy pensioners and to evaluate the voice accumulator VoxLog as a measuring instrument for speaking time. Method Twenty pensioners participated in this study; ten women and ten men aged 66-75. VoxLog was worn eight hours a day during a three day period. A diary of activities containing a self-evaluation scale regarding speech time and an evaluation questionnaire were completed. Results Mean phonation time for all participants was 9,9 % and the range 2,7–23,5 %. The female participants showed a significantly longer mean phonation time (12,8 %) compared to the male participants (7,0 %). A significant correlation between self-evaluation and phonation time at group level, but a lower agreement at the individual level, was found. In general, the participants had a positive experience of VoxLog, even though some technical, instructional and usability deficits were reported. Conclusions In this study, reference data for phonation time has been collected, that may be used clinically and in future research. Registration of phonation time with VoxLog can be used for estimation of speaking time  as a complement to self-reports, even though some limitations in the method should be taken into account. Further research should focus on patient’s opinions about VoxLog and collecting normative values.

Athletic environments subject athletes to evaluation not only on performance, but also on appearance (Krane et al., 2001). This likely facilitates self-conscious emotions, which have a self-evaluative focus (Leary, 2004; Tracy & Robins, 2004). However, self-compassion might serve as a buffer against the self-conscious emotions by countering self-evaluative processes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relations between self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride) and self-evaluative thoughts and behaviours (i.e., social physique anxiety, obligatory exercise, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation) for young women aged 13 -18 involved in high school sport (N = 151). The role of self-compassion as a moderator variable between self-conscious emotions and self-evaluative thoughts and behaviours was also explored. Consistent with the contention that shame and hubristic pride may be less adaptive than guilt and authentic pride, shame and hubristic pride showed positive relations with fear of failure (r = .26 and .20, respectively) and fear of negative evaluation (r = .21 and .21, respectively). Hubristic pride was also positively related to objectified body consciousness (r = .32). Conversely, guilt and authentic pride showed negative relations with objectified body consciousness (r = -.20 and -.34, respectively). Authentic pride also showed negative relations to fear of failure (r = -.38) and fear of negative evaluation (r = -.37). Self-compassion was negatively related to shame (r = -.32) and positively related to authentic pride (r = .42), but had no relation with guilt and hubristic pride. Self-compassion was also negatively related with social physique anxiety (r = -.39), objectified body consciousness (r = -.34), fear of failure (r = -.38), and fear of negative evaluation (r = -.37). Additionally, self-compassion was found to explain variance beyond self-esteem on objectified body consciousness (∆R2 = .07), fear of failure (∆R2 = .11), and fear of negative evaluation (∆R2 = .06). A significant interaction effect was found with self-compassion on the relation between shame and obligatory exercise, suggesting that even moderate levels of self-compassion may help to buffer some negative effects of shame. Taken together, these results suggest that self-compassion might be an important resource for young women involved in sport in managing self-conscious emotions.

Athletic environments subject athletes to evaluation not only on performance, but also on appearance (Krane et al., 2001). This likely facilitates self-conscious emotions, which have a self-evaluative focus (Leary, 2004; Tracy & Robins, 2004). However, self-compassion might serve as a buffer against the self-conscious emotions by countering self-evaluative processes. The purpose of this study was to explore the relations between self-conscious emotions (i.e., shame, guilt, authentic pride, and hubristic pride) and self-evaluative thoughts and behaviours (i.e., social physique anxiety, obligatory exercise, objectified body consciousness, fear of failure, and fear of negative evaluation) for young women aged 13 -18 involved in high school sport (N = 151). The role of self-compassion as a moderator variable between self-conscious emotions and self-evaluative thoughts and behaviours was also explored. Consistent with the contention that shame and hubristic pride may be less adaptive than guilt and authentic pride, shame and hubristic pride showed positive relations with fear of failure (r = .26 and .20, respectively) and fear of negative evaluation (r = .21 and .21, respectively). Hubristic pride was also positively related to objectified body consciousness (r = .32). Conversely, guilt and authentic pride showed negative relations with objectified body consciousness (r = -.20 and -.34, respectively). Authentic pride also showed negative relations to fear of failure (r = -.38) and fear of negative evaluation (r = -.37). Self-compassion was negatively related to shame (r = -.32) and positively related to authentic pride (r = .42), but had no relation with guilt and hubristic pride. Self-compassion was also negatively related with social physique anxiety (r = -.39), objectified body consciousness (r = -.34), fear of failure (r = -.38), and fear of negative evaluation (r = -.37). Additionally, self-compassion was found to explain variance beyond self-esteem on objectified body consciousness (∆R2 = .07), fear of failure (∆R2 = .11), and fear of negative evaluation (∆R2 = .06). A significant interaction effect was found with self-compassion on the relation between shame and obligatory exercise, suggesting that even moderate levels of self-compassion may help to buffer some negative effects of shame. Taken together, these results suggest that self-compassion might be an important resource for young women involved in sport in managing self-conscious emotions.

Civil Service Protection Act was promulgated and announced in 1996, establishing a significant milestone for the protection of the rights and benefits of civil servants. Originally, the Act has 35 clauses only. In 2003, it was enormously revised, and increased to 104 clauses. With its regulative contents covering procedural and substantial requirements, the Act can be called a very special law. The relief procedures stipulated in the Act include two procedures: 1. retrial 2. appeal and re-appeal. Retrial is applied to the punishment that may change the identity and relationship of a civil servant, or has significant effects to the rights and benefits to a civil servant, or the item with property request right being infringed upon because of the identity of a civil servant. Appeal and re-appeal are applied to the management measure without significant effect to the rights and benefits of a civil servant, or the handling of the related working conditions. Although the implementation of Civil Service Protection Act protects the rights and benefits of civil servants, it causes impacts to the leadership of departmental officials. However, it facilitates the authorities to conduct administration according to the laws. With this system, the disputes between civil servants and institutions can be appropriately solved. To the business promotion of institutions, it has positive meaning. The study mainly investigates the problems currently existed, including whether the related protection of rights and benefits in Civil Service Protection Act is sufficient, whether the civil servants understand the protection of their rights and benefits, whether the protection procedures are proper, whether retrial system will lead to the waste and burden of administrative resources, etc. It is hoped that through the investigation of the existing system and the discoveries in times of practice, the proposed suggestions can be a reference for revising the law. The paper has about 10,000 words, and is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction. Chapter 2 analyzes the protection system of the civil servants of Taiwan. Chapter 3 is about the administrative self-evaluation. Chapter 4 compares the various administrative self-evaluation systems. Chapter 5 takes Kaohsiung City Government for examples, and undergoes case study, in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey for further explanation. Chapter 6 is about the conclusions and suggestions, giving proposes for the aspect of legal system and the aspect of execution. Especially on the aspect of execution, further investigation is made on three aspects, including the government authorities, civil servants and personnel. It is hoped that the study is helpful to the subsequent legal amendments or to researchers. Having analyzed some cases, and made in-depth interviews and questionnaire survey, the paper proposes several suggestions. First of all, the measurement standards of the administrative rules should be clearly specified. Secondly, a reinvestigation participation system should be established. Thirdly, the powers and functions of Civil Servants Association should be strengthened. Besides, the imposition of criminal punishment and disciplinary sanction should be reviewed. The disciplinary right should be passed to the administrative institutions, and the judicial institution should be responsible for the investigation right. In addition, the paper considers the appropriate disclosure of the punishment decisions or reinvestigation procedures and information so as to reduce the civil servants¡¦ queries of their institutions, establish in civil servants a value judgment of excellent work, and form a mutual supplementation and assistance relationship between the chiefs and the colleagues. Through the lectures and procedures, practical rehearsals, and the strengthening of personnel staff¡¦s business handling abilities, the institution is able to undergo an updated and harmonious development in maintaining the rights and benefits of civil servants and conducting the overall business promotion

The effect of Socially Desirable Responding (SDR) and response distortion on personality and selection measures has been debated for decades (Edwards, 1957b; Messick&Jackson, 1961; Morgeson et al., 2007, Ones, Viswesvaran,&Reiss, 1996). One area of this broad topic that has received less attention over the years has been the effectiveness of the scales used to measure SDR when evidence of potential response distortion is present. Using a MANOVA, this study found significant differences between job candidate and incumbent responses on the scales of the 16PF (Cattell&Cattell, 1995), which can be indicative of SDR (Rosse et al., 1998). However, no difference between the groups was found on the Impression Management scale used to measure SDR. Differences based on the job function of the respondents were also explored.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-125).

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