Inom de flesta industrier är konkurrensen hård, byggindustrin är inget undantag. Ett sätt att stå sig stark på marknaden är att finna andra konkurrensmedel än de traditionella: pris och kvalitet. Detta examensarbete syftar att undersöka eftermarknadens betydelse för entreprenadbolag och fastighetsägare. Examensarbetet är skrivet tillsammans med byggentreprenören Zengun vars avsikt är att förbättra sin hantering av eftermarknaden. Med hjälp av Zenguns beställare har studien genomförts explorativt med fokus på relationen mellan entreprenören och fastighetsägaren under tiden efter ett byggprojekts färdigställande. Intervjuer har genomförts med representanter från Stockholms fyra större fastighetsägare och representanter från två byggentreprenörer. Studien tar avstamp i teorier om servicemarknadsföring, kund-leverantörsrelationer och organisationsteori för att på ett akademiskt sätt analyseras och diskuteras genom empiriska data.  Studien visar att eftermarknaden inom byggbranschen inte fungerar på ett tillfredställande och effektivt sätt. Det synsättet delas av representanter från både fastighetsägare och entreprenadbolag. Byggentreprenörer lägger ned lite tid och energi på eftermarknaden trots att det är eftermarknaden som utgör majoriteten av en byggnads livslängd. En anledning till det är svårigheterna för entreprenörer att se lönsamhet i investeringar på eftermarknaden. Eftermarknadsrelaterade arbeten uppfattas ske på bekostnad av produktionen av nya projekt, där produktionens framdrift prioriteras. För att lyckas på eftermarknaden är det viktigt att förstå vilka långsiktiga fördelar den kan ge. Med en separat organisation för eftermarknaden tar entreprenören bort intressekonflikten mellan produktion i projekt och eftermarknadsrelaterade arbeten. Den separata eftermarknadsorganisationen skapar förutsättningar för andra enheter hos entreprenadbolag att bli mer lönsamma. Dessutom uppstår en möjlighet att stärka relationen till fastighetsägaren och dess förvaltning vilket kan generera nya uppdrag. För att eftermarknadsorganisationen ska fungera krävs det att vissa faktorer, förutsättningar och risker tas i beaktande. Om hänsyn tas till detta och företag kan ändra sitt synsätt och organisation kring eftermarknaden kan den göras mer effektiv och värdeskapande för både byggentreprenadbolag och fastighetsägare. / In most industries, competition is hard, the construction industry is no exception. One way of standing strong in the market is finding other means of competition than the traditional: price and quality. This master thesis aims at investigating the importance of the aftermarket for contractors and property owners. The thesis is written together with the construction company Zengun, whose intention is to improve its management of the aftermarket. The study has been conducted exploratively with focus on the relationship between the contractor and the property owner in the time after completion of a building project. Interviews have been conducted with representatives from four of Stockholm's major commercial property owners and representatives from two construction companies. The thesis starts with theories of service marketing, relationship management theory and organizational theory which are subsequently analyzed and discussed. The study shows that the aftermarket in the construction industry does not work satisfactorily and efficiently. This view is shared by representatives from both property owners and construction companies. The contractor does not spend a lot of time and energy on the aftermarket, even though it is the aftermarket that constitutes the majority of a building's technical service life. One reason for this is the difficulty for the contractor to see the profitability in aftermarket investments. Aftermarket-related work take place at the expense of the production of new projects, where new production is prioritized. To succeed in the aftermarket, it is important to understand what long-term benefits it can provide. With a separate aftermarket organization, the contractor eliminates the conflict of interest between production in projects and aftermarket-related jobs. The separate aftermarket organization creates the conditions for other units of construction companies to become more profitable. In addition, there is an opportunity to strengthen the relationship with the property owner and its facility management unit which can generate new projects. In order for the aftermarket organization to work, it requires that certain factors, conditions and risks be taken into account. If this is considered and the contractor can change their approach and organization in the aftermarket, it can be made more effective and adding value for both construction companies and property owners.

This paper examines how the adoption of a series of digital technologies in tourism companies affects economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This research conducted a quantitative survey on tourism companies in Korea to empirically explore the connection between digital transformation and its impact on sustainability. The survey questionnaire was generated under the six hypotheses, which categorized research questions in detail. As a result of the survey data analysis, the following three implications were derived. First, it was confirmed that the economic sustainability of a company increases as the size of digital transformation grows. This result connotes substantial meaning because the existence of economies of scale helps economic sustainability, but on the other hand, it can undermine social sustainability. Second, a marginalization of environmental sustainability issues in digital transformation was observed. Survey results statistically confirmed that the impact of digital transformation on environmental sustainability is smaller than on economic and social sustainability. Finally, digital transformation has the characteristics of a service. There are provider companies that create digital transformation services, and at the same time, there are beneficiary companies that receive and utilize digital services. The fact that the impact of the innovation voucher service expected by the provider company was accepted as a smaller impact on the beneficiary company means that digital transformation services should also be designed to be more customer-centric.  Economic, social, and environmental sustainability do not exist alone. Improving economic sustainability triggered by digital transformation has side effects that deepen social inequality, and business activities focused on economic and social sustainability make the mistake of minimizing environmental sustainability in corporate management decisions. Digital transformation is a service that creates value in the process of utilization. Our society should balance the value generated by digital transformation with economic, social, and environmental sustainability.

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I denna uppsats så undersöks digitala beställningsplattformar som har blivit en integrerad del irestaurangbranschen genom att dessa parter tillsammans integrerar sina resurser för att någemensamma mål. Denna integration har påverkat tjänstemarknadsföringen och äventjänstekvaliteten. Syftet med arbetet är att få en tydligare bild om hur kundupplevelsen har påverkatsav att digitala mellanhänder har fått större kontroll över tjänstemarknadsföringen. Undersökningenutgjordes av sekundärdata i form av tidigare undersökningar samt semi-strukturerade intervjuer medkunder som tidigare beställt genom digitala beställningsplattformar för mat. Intervjuerna gavinformation om subjektiva känslor, förväntningar och upplevelser som vi sedan jämfört med tidigareundersöknignar och vårt teoretiska ramverk. Undersökningen kom fram till att digitalabeställningsplattformar påverkar kundupplevelsen positivt genom sin tjänstemarknadsföring men attdet fortfarande finns stora brister i de digitala beställningsplattformarnas tjänstekvalitet vilket skaparstor variation i kundernas individuella upplevelser.

<p dir="ltr">In the dynamic landscape of digital platforms, which includes various e-commerce and online review platforms, reputation systems play a fascinating role in shaping consumer behavior and influencing market outcomes. Seller-level reputation badges and individual recognition interventions, such as status badges and exemplar reviews, serve as important tools for enhancing trust and guiding customer decisions. Despite the prevalent use of customer reviews and ratings, the additional value provided by these reputation mechanisms warrants comprehensive investigation. This dissertation delves into the multifaceted impacts of seller-level reputation badges and exemplar reviews on consumer behavior and platform performance through two distinct essays.</p><p dir="ltr">In the first essay, we utilize a distinctive panel dataset from Airbnb to estimate the comprehensive effects of the seller reputation badge on both individual sellers and the overall platform. This study diverges from existing research that predominantly examines the influence of product-level reputation badges on individual sellers. By employing a difference-in-differences methodology and an exogenously determined schedule of updating the Superhost badge status, we find a substantial positive impact of the Superhost badge system on the bookings for Airbnb sellers and the platform. Additionally, we employ counterfactual estimators to uncover evidence of temporal dynamics in the badge system's positive effects. Our findings from counterfactual estimators indicate that the influence of the Superhost badge intensifies considerably within the initial weeks following its implementation, after which it reaches a state of equilibrium. Moreover, our analysis suggests that the Superhost badge exerts a more significant positive effect on the bookings of properties managed by hosts with multiple listings than those with a single property. These observations underscore the significant value of instituting a seller reputation badge system, even for online platforms with customer review mechanisms.</p><p dir="ltr">In a related analysis, the second essay investigates the strategies employed by online review platforms, which often involve targeted interventions such as status badges and exemplar reviews, to enhance user contribution to the platform's review system. However, a minority of individuals receive these interventions, and limited research exists on how reviews written by such intervention recipients result in second-order effects on nonrecipients' contributions. In this study, we leverage a quasi-experimental framework on a leading Asian review platform to evaluate the impact of exemplar reviews on users' review-writing behavior. We utilize a combination of econometric methods and natural language processing techniques to show an increase in the quantity and quality of user contributions following exposure to exemplar reviews. We also observe that users adapt their writing styles in response to exemplar reviews. Importantly, the effect of an exemplar review is moderated by the user's review-writing experience. Specifically, our findings reveal that less experienced reviewers, as opposed to their more seasoned counterparts, tend to increase their review volume and length upon reading exemplar reviews. However, they need more progress regarding review readability and perceived helpfulness. Further investigation indicates that reviews by users exposed to exemplar content gradually exhibit increasing homogeneity over time in terms of length, sentiment, readability, and topic diversity, suggesting a self-herding behavior that has not been previously documented in the literature on user-generated content. These insights provide valuable practical implications for platform managers on effectively utilizing reward programs to enhance the sustainability of their review platforms.</p>

Titel: Att inte följa strömmen – en studie om differentiering bland musikstreamingtjänsterFörfattare: Riccardo Furrer, Matilda Johansson och My LarssonHandledare: Kaisa LundKurs: Kandidatuppsats 15hp i Företagsekonomi inriktning Marknadsföring, Music &amp; Event Managementprogrammet, Linnéuniversitetet, Höstterminen 2013SyfteSyftet med denna uppsats är att analysera de sätt digitala prenumerationstjänster inom musiksektorn kan differentiera sig på marknaden. Vi vill även undersöka vad det är konsumenten anser vara viktigt i valet av en digital musiktjänst.Vi har också arbetat kring en forskningsfråga: Hur kan företag bakom digitala prenumerationstjänster inom musiksektorn positionera sig på den svenska marknaden? Metod Vi har valt att göra en kvalitativ studie som tillslut antog en abduktiv ansats. Kvalitativ metod passade oss bäst då vårt mål var att gå in på djupet i vårt ämne och inte gå på kvantitet i våra empiriska undersökningar. Den empiriska studien består av tre personliga intervjuer med personer som är aktivt involverade och kunniga inom den digitala musikbranschen. Dessutom består empirin även av två fokusgrupper med personer som använder sig av musikstreamingtjänster samt två konsumentintervjuer då uppslutningen till sista fokusgruppen blev mycket dålig. Slutsatser Vi har genom den analys vi gjort hittat band mellan verklighet och teori som sedan kopplats till den digitala musikmarknaden. Främst blev det tydligt att kundens behov är av största vikt för att tjänsten skall kunna uppfylla sitt syfte.För att detta skall kunna göras i så stor utsträckning som möjligt bör företaget rikta sig mot segment för att få så homogena behov som möjligt. Dessa segment bör urskiljas genom analys av kunder och sedan separerade av aspekter baserat på exempelvis livsstil, ålder eller konsumtionsbeteende. Vi har genom analys av kunders önskemål och tankar kring digitala musiktjänster kunna skapa en bild av hur en differentiering på den digitala musikmarknaden bör se ut. / The purpose of this study is to analyze in which ways digital music subscription services may differentiate themselves from one another on the Swedish digital music market. We also want to examine how the companies providing these services can position themselves on the Swedish market by looking at what consumers of these kinds of services look for in a digital music service. To find answers we have decided to try to answer one question: How can companies behind digital music subscription services position themselves on the Swedish music market? For this study we have used a qualitative approach where we have conducted three personal interviews with people who are involved daily, in one way or another, with digital music streaming services. We also had focus groups with music service users and a few interviews with consumers. We chose this approach to get a deeper look into what customers want out of a service that offers music.By analyzing the empirical and theoretical data we could find a bond between reality and theory, which could be connected to the digital music market. It became particularly clear that customer need is the biggest importance for the service to fulfill its purpose. For this to be in the most way possible, the company must aim towards similar customer needs by creating segments in the market. These segments should be constructed trough an analysis of the customersand then separated by aspects based on lifestyle, age or consumer behavior. We have been analyzing customer needs and assumptions of music services. The results helped us create a picture of an ideal differentiation strategy of the Swedish digital music market.

The aim of this work is to look into the issue of interpretation of the term public service in preschool education. The main goal is to find out how this service is understood by parents who use this service - whether their interpretation corresponds with the needs of children and to what extent they recognize the social mission of kindergarten. In addition, ttthe ambition here is to show the neccesity of change the traditional perception of education which has become part of market environment. Therefore the works highlights positive benefits of marketing management of school. The work is also focused on effective school communication as a way to reach the basic mission of school. Key words Kindergarten, public service, preschool education, school law, education goals, parents, communication, marketing

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Teresa Ratti de Oliveira Rosa.pdf: 685270 bytes, checksum: 1a3e974ffc2d7c5b3ed18b4a1c325c51 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Due to the increasingly competitive among small medical companies and the expectations of customers in this market, this study aims to discuss ways of marketing being a value generator for small companies providing medical services. Thus, we developed a case study of the Pediatric Clinic and Vaccinations Dr. Paul Rose Ltda. At this company was made the application of the philosophy of strategic management and guided by the fundamentals of marketing which resulted in significant expansion of the offer value to the public and consequently a higher potential for profitability and market share of the Taubaté City the São Paulo State, which has 603 health facilities, and of these, 384 are isolated clinics and 124 are clinics and specialization centers. For this qualitative research, with a unique case of study, the triangulation of data was made through in-depth interviews with workforce (managers and employees),with external public (costumers) and documentary survey (database of the company and external). The theoretical foundation in marketing as value generator was essentially guided by concepts which call for building business value through the provision of differentials that are grounded in the needs of the market and consider the corporate capacity. Were adopted, too, concepts and authors who value building lasting relationships between companies and their customers. The main results are related to the possibilities of differentiation of small business in the medical field through the application of marketing. The main findings of this study indicate that the consequences of the application of marketing are financial, market positioning, brand building, development of personal skills and, especially, the value perception of the final customer / Em função do cenário cada vez mais competitivo entre as pequenas empresas da área médica e das expectativas dos clientes desse mercado, este estudo tem como objetivo discutir os meios do marketing ser gerador de valor para pequenas empresas prestadoras de serviços médicos. Desta maneira, desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso único, da Clínica Pediátrica e de Vacinações Dr. Paulo Rosa Ltda. Nessa empresa foi realizada a aplicação da filosofia da gestão estratégica e orientada pelos fundamentos do marketing o que resultou em significativa ampliação da oferta de valor ao público e, como consequência, a elevação do potencial de rentabilidade e da participação no mercado do Município de Taubaté, interior do Estado de São Paulo, que conta com 603 estabelecimentos de saúde, destes, 384 são consultórios isolados e 124 são clínicas/centros de especialidade. Para esta pesquisa qualitativa, com um estudo de caso único, a triangulação dos dados foi feita por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com o público interno (gestores e colaboradores), com o público externo (clientes) e levantamento documental (bancos de dados da empresa e externos). O embasamento teórico sobre o marketing como gerador de valor foi pautado essencialmente por conceitos que preconizam a construção de valor para o negócio por meio da oferta de diferenciais que estejam focados nas necessidades do mercado, que gerem a percepção de qualidade em seu público e que considerem a capacidade corporativa. Foram adotados, também, conceitos e autores que valorizam a construção de relacionamentos duradouros entre empresas e seus clientes. Os principais resultados são referentes às possibilidades de diferenciação da pequena empresa da área médica por meio da geração de valor resultante da aplicação do marketing. As principais conclusões desse estudo apontam que as consequências da aplicação do marketing são de ordem financeira, de posicionamento de mercado, de desenvolvimento das competências pessoais e corporativas e, principalmente, da percepção de valor do cliente final

Sustainability is a topic paying a visit to most industries today and the fashion business is no exception.The development of eco-efficient stores is one of the efforts carried out by Inditex Group with the aim to adopt sustainability into its practices. Such stores distinguish themselves for saving electricity, water and by greatly reducing the amount of CO2 that is yearly produced. The concept was initiated with the Zara brand but it will be introduced to the other six brands that integrate Inditex as well. However, despite the reduction in the carbon footprint it cannot be denied that the fast fashion business model creates a paradox in terms of sustainability.The following is a case study on the Zara Rome eco-efficient store. Being a store benchmark in Europe, it explores how the sustainability concept is communicated through this model and if the identified paradox is addressed. To do so, the study analyzes the external, internal and interactive marketing of the eco-shop based on the service marketing triangle theory and the Mehrabian-Russell stimulus-response model used in visual merchandising. Participant observation on site and a content analysis of relevant documents were carried out as research methods in order to find the messages emitted on each side of the triangle.The analysis shows that the paradox in the Zara eco-shops is not being handled at the customer level, though it is being handled at internal and external levels. As a conclusion, the eco-shops effort is part of a sustainability strategy with long term perspective and it will be addressed at customer level when the company as a whole counts with a more sustainable brand identity. Additionally suggestions are offered to potentialize the communication of sustainability in an eco-shop. / Program: Master in Fashion Management with specialisation in Fashion Marketing and Retailing

Word-of-mouth communication (WOMC) has been recognized as a powerful marketing communication medium that many consider beyond marketers' control and yet is a reliable, creditable, trustworthy information-gathering tool, especially in credence-based services (CBS). To date, the various types of WOMC messages have not yet been adequately studied in the context of CBS. Using the individual face-toface convergence interview (CI) technique as the primary data collection method of exploratory research, this study attempts to fill this gap by describing the types, the characteristics, and the significance of WOMC messages involved in a CBS information gathering process (e.g. selection of an Australian higher education service). Marketers in the higher education sector feel WOMC advertising is unfamiliar and less manageable, but powerful in practice, especially in recruiting overseas Asian students. This study took the strengths of computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS), N*Vivo 2, to manage qualitative transcriptions and enhance the data analysis process in organizing, linking, coding categorizing, organizing, summarizing behaviour patterns in order to explore the insightful findings and answer research questions. The study summarizes participants' motivation items and the specific information gathering steps as the foundation to discover the three types of WOMC messages (service information gathering, subjective personal experience, and personal advice) the characteristics of WOMC messages and the significance of WOMC messages in the CBS information gathering process. In theoretical terms, the findings on the role of types of WOMC messages have extended Beltramini model in the information gathering stage. In terms of the management implications, this research advances the current understanding of the types of WOMC messages, insightful WOMC characteristics and significances in behaviour patterns in the CBS information gathering process. As a result, university marketers are able to effectively cultivate various types of WOMC messages in promotion campaigns.