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Les hommes en bleu : une ethnographie des masculinités dans une grande entreprise de distribution / Men in blue : an ethnographic study of masculinities in a supply chain companyRivoal, Haude 12 March 2018 (has links)
À partir d'une enquête par observation participante conduite au sein d’une grande entreprise de distribution, du siège social aux entrepôts, ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier la construction sociale des masculinités au et par le travail. L’histoire de Transfrilog est imprégnée d’une culture familiale forgée autour du management paternalisme des autodidactes du transport. Aujourd’hui devenu les cadres dirigeants de l’entreprise, la professionnalisation du secteur les oblige désormais à composer avec les jeunes diplômés issus des formations logistiques dont le style de management se détache des formes traditionnelles d’expression de la masculinité et de l’autorité. Dans ces conditions, comment la masculinité perpétue-t-elle son hégémonie ? La thèse s’attache à montrer que la capacité de la masculinité hégémonique à se (re)produire tient à son processus d’hybridation. La thèse montre par ailleurs la coexistence d’une pluralité de masculinités hégémoniques spécifiques à chaque filière (transport, logistique, fonctions supports) et qui sont hiérarchisées entre elles. Pour autant, la mobilisation autour d’un idéal viril propre aux injonctions productivistes et à l’intensification des tâches propose un référentiel commun aux hommes, au-delà des clivages de classe, de race et des différents métiers de la chaîne logistique. Aussi, et malgré la volonté de certains dirigeants d’amorcer une réflexion sur l’égalité professionnelle, l’hybridité de la masculinité hégémonique n’interroge qu’à la marge une répartition genrée des emplois et l’inégale échelle de valeur entre les différentes formes de masculinités. / From a participatory observation survey conducted in a logistics company, from head office to warehouses, this work aims to study the social construction of masculinities at and through work. The history of Transfrilog was built through a family culture forged around the paternalistic management of self-taught employees. Today, having become the company's senior executives, the professionalization of the sector now compels them to deal with young graduates from supply chain training whose management style stands out from the traditional forms of expression of masculinity and authority. In these conditions, how does masculinity perpetuates its hegemony? The thesis aims to show that the capacity of hegemonic masculinity to (re)produce itself is due to a process of hybridization. The thesis also shows the coexistence of a plurality of hegemonic masculinities specific to each sector (transport, logistics, support functions) and which are hierarchized between themselves. However, the mobilization around a virile ideal specific to the productive injunctions and to the intensification of the tasks proposes a common reference to men, beyond divisions of class, race and different trades of the logistic chain. Also, and despite the desire of some leaders to initiate a reflection on professional equality, the hybridity of hegemonic masculinity asks only marginally a gendered distribution of jobs and the unequal scale of value between different forms of masculinities.
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Gênero e meio ambiente: dupla jornada de injustiça ambiental em uma cooperativa de mulheres catadoras de materiais recicláveis / Gender and Environment: the double burden of environmental injustice in a cooperative of women of recyclable materials in São PauloVallin, Isabella de Carvalho 13 October 2016 (has links)
Buscou-se nesta pesquisa entender as relações entre gênero e meio ambiente no cotidiano das mulheres catadoras de materiais recicláveis de uma cooperativa do município de São Paulo. Para tanto, procurou-se compreender essa relação a partir dos espaços de moradia e trabalho das catadoras. Como fundamentação teórica foi adotada a Divisão Sexual do Trabalho e a Justiça Ambiental. O método utilizado foi o Estudo de Caso Estendido e a técnica de coleta de dados primários a Entrevista Narrativa. Foram entrevistadas dezesseis mulheres catadoras cooperadas. Para a interpretação dos resultados seguiu-se os postulados da Análise de Narrativa. Este estudo mostra evidências da situação de injustiça ambiental nos espaços de moradia e trabalho das catadoras entrevistadas. Além disso, demonstra que a dupla jornada de trabalho dessas mulheres leva a uma injustiça ambiental por gênero na catação. Também foi observada a relação entre a maternidade e o ingresso e permanência das catadoras na atividade. A análise da dupla jornada de trabalho das mulheres permitiu identificar três trajetórias distintas entre as catadoras entrevistadas: catadoras estruturais, catadoras conjunturais ocasionais e catadoras conjunturais por conveniência. A partir das diferenças e similaridades observadas entre os três grupos de mulheres catadoras percebeu-se que fatores como a trajetória familiar, vulnerabilidade social e segregação espacial urbana foram os principais motivos que as levaram à catação. Verificou-se, ainda, que as mulheres estão mais expostas aos riscos ambientais justamente pela dupla jornada de trabalho. Dessa maneira, considerou-se que a presença dos fatores de injustiça ambiental na dupla jornada de trabalho caracteriza o que foi denominado neste estudo de dupla jornada de injustiça ambiental. A jornada reprodutiva associada aos riscos ambientais ligados à habitação e a jornada produtiva referente aos riscos ocupacionais e à precariedade no trabalho. / This thesis aimed understand the relationship between gender and environment among women waste pickers of a cooperative of recyclable materials in São Paulo. To understand this relationship, the concept of Environmental Justice was chosen as framework, showing the disproportional dynamic of environmental conflicts that affect the most marginalized and vulnerable people, marked with social inequality due to class, race and gender. In addition, studies discussing the Sexual Division of Labor were also used, considering that women are particularly disadvantaged because of their double burden, when the reproductive work is free and invisible and the productive work is devalued. The Extended Case Method was used as methodology and the women cooperative was observed for three years. The data collection was made using the narrative interview technique and sixteen women waste pickers were interviewed. The data analysis used narrative analysis postulates. The results showed that the women waste pickers who are spatially segregated and residents of Jardim das Flores slum are exposed to multiple risks: geomorphological risks of slipping and washouts; proximity of high-voltage power lines and; low infrastructure conditions linked to sanitation and garbage collection. Due their reproductive shift, the women spend more time in home and consequently in the slum, rising their vulnerability of those risks. Further, the wish to conciliate the double burden was also responsible for their work as waste pickers, with a female perpetuation in the scavenging activity. Then, the women are more exposed to occupational risks and the burden of environmental inequality in recycling chain. In conclusion, women waste pickers are exposed to a double burden of environmental injustice: one related to habitational risks and one to precariousness of labor and occupational hazards. Thus, there is a interweaving of social inequalities historically imposed by patriarchal logic to keep the foundations of the current economic system, and the black women, householder and poor are who bear the environmental damage to maintain that system.
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As trajetórias de vida das mulheres mediadas pela assistência social: a realidade da Casa Verde/SP / The trajectories of women's lives mediated by the social welfare s politic: the Casa Verde/SP s realityFerraz, Mirela 29 September 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to analyze the process of construction of the trajectories of women's lives mediated by the Social Welfare s Politic in the Centre of Social Welfare Refer-ence - CRAS Casa Verde, within the northern zone of São Paulo. We assume that the job of the social worker has the privilege of approaching the everyday life of those subjects. We understand that their life are conditioned by the determinants of explo-ration of the world of the work and gender oppression in the relations of production and social reproduction. To investigate on this reality is a way to strengthen these women, their families and the territory as a political struggle space. Therefore, our hypothesis focuses on understanding the mediation of social welfare women can gestate/ organize their everyday life. The research on the critical theoretical frame-work and the use of the methodology of oral history will be guided, therefore, seek to give visibility to the experience of policies subject and meanings constructed by them. Our political ethical position is to advocate the recognition of a gender perspec-tive by the Social Welfare s Politic / Esta tese de doutorado tem como objetivo analisar o processo de construção das trajetórias de vida das mulheres mediadas pela Assistência Social, no Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (Cras) Casa Verde, no território da Zona Norte de São Paulo. Partimos do pressuposto de que o trabalho do assistente social tem o privilé-gio de se aproximar do cotidiano de vida dessas sujeitas. Entendemos que as traje-tórias de vida das mulheres são condicionadas pelos determinantes de exploração do mundo do trabalho e de opressão de gênero, nas relações de produção e repro-dução social. Pesquisar sobre essa realidade é um caminho para fortalecer essas mulheres, suas famílias e o território enquanto espaço político de luta. Portanto, nossa hipótese centra-se em que as mulheres conseguem gestar/organizar sua vida cotidiana pela mediação da Assistência Social. A pesquisa pauta-se no referencial teórico-crítico e no uso da metodologia da História Oral, pois busca dar visibilidade às experiências e aos significados construídos pelas sujeitas políticas. Nosso posici-onamento ético-político é defender o reconhecimento da perspectiva de gênero pela Política da Assistência Social
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Entre a família, o Estado e o mercado: mudanças e continuidades na dinâmica, distribuição e composição do trabalho doméstico e de cuidado / Between State, market, and family: changes and continuities in the dynamics, distribution, and composition of care and domestic workMoreno, Renata Faleiros Camargo 05 August 2019 (has links)
A pesquisa tem como objeto o trabalho e as práticas de cuidado de crianças pequenas, a partir de diferentes processos e sujeitos que realizam essa atividade, gratuitamente nos domicílios ou como profissão. A tese se nutre da interdisciplinariedade própria à teoria feminista e, partindo dos estudos sociológicos sobre trabalho doméstico e de cuidado, constrói uma perspectiva de análise que integra contribuições da economia feminista. Apoia-se nas noções de divisão sexual do trabalho, imbricação das relações sociais de gênero, raça e classe, e na perspectiva da sustentabilidade da vida como instrumentos teóricos que orientam a análise. As diversas modalidades do trabalho de cuidar de crianças se manifestam em uma pluralidade de arranjos, interdependentes, mas também conflitantes e em permanente transformação. Em uma cidade profundamente desigual, como é São Paulo, Estado, mercados, família e comunidade integram a discussão a partir desta diversidade de arranjos, das conexões e dinâmicas entre os sujeitos, os trabalhos e as práticas sociais que sustentam o cuidado. Instituído na Constituição Federal de 1988, o direito à creche é uma reivindicação histórica que marcou a organização popular do feminismo brasileiro. De lá para cá, as creches foram integradas à política de educação, e verificou-se expansão significativa, mas aquém da demanda. Viu-se emergir uma camada profissionalizada de mulheres, com formação no ensino superior, que assumem o cuidado de crianças pequenas como professoras nas creches e pré-escolas. Estas são relativamente mais valorizadas e formalizadas que as que cuidam de crianças na vizinhança ou como trabalhadoras domésticas (babás). As mudanças relativas à composição do cuidado não transformam os princípios da separação, hierarquização e invisibilização nexos da divisão social, sexual e racial do trabalho , mas produzem deslocamentos: aproximam e distanciam mulheres e homens, e mulheres entre si. A análise confirma a indissociabilidade entre o cuidado direto e tudo o que precisa ser feito para garantir as condições de vida alimentação, limpeza , revelando permanências na dinâmica que separa e hierarquiza tais trabalhos, invisibilizando os trabalhos com menor valorização social e os sujeitos responsabilizados por eles. As dimensões do afeto, da dependência/autonomia, dos ritmos, atividades e da responsabilização pelo cuidar são aspectos com manifestações singulares no cuidar de crianças pequenas quando comparadas ao cuidado de idosos, que predomina nas análises contemporâneas sobre o trabalho de cuidado. A pesquisa evidencia que o ajuste entre as lógicas em conflito do capital e da sustentabilidade de vida se dá tanto no trabalho não remunerado (mulheres nas famílias), como no trabalho remunerado de diferentes responsáveis pelo cuidado que absorvem os impactos desse conflito em seus corpos e tempos. / This paper aims to investigate care practices and work with infant and toddler children, looking into several processes and individuals who carry out this activity, whether for free at households or as a paid occupation. The dissertation is established on the specific interdisciplinarity of feminist theory and, coming from sociological studies on care and domestic work, builds a perspective of analysis that integrates contributions from feminist economics. In this sense, the notions of sexual division of labor; the intersectionality of social relations based on gender, race, and class; and the sustainability of life constitute the theoretical framework of this research. The many different modalities of childcare is expressed in a myriad of arrangements that are interdependent, but also conflicting and continuously changing. In a deeply unequal city such as São Paulo, Brazil, the State, markets, the family, and the community integrate the conversation not as stagnant actors, but as part of this diversity of arrangements, the connections and dynamics between individuals, the works, and social practices that support care. Established in Brazils 1988 Constitution, the right to childcare has been historically on the agenda of peoples organization in Brazilian feminism. Since then, childcare centers have been integrated to education policies, and while there has been a significant increase in the number of daycare facilities, they are still not enough to satisfy the demand. A class of technically trained women with a higher education background take on the task of caring for infants and toddlers as teachers in childcare centers and preschools. They are relatively more appreciated and more formally employed than child caregivers who work in their own neighborhood or as domestic workers (nannies). The changes in care-related compositions do not change the principles of separation, hierarchization, and invisibilization as the nexus of social, sexual, and racial division of labor , but rather produce displacements: they bring women and men, and women with each other, closer together or drive them apart. The investigation demonstrates how care and everything that involves providing living conditions food, cleaning are intrinsically indissociable, showing what remains in the dynamics that separate and hierarchize those works, invisibilizing socially underappreciated works and the individuals who are responsible for them. The dimensions of affection, dependence/autonomy, paces, activities, and the assigning of responsibility for care are aspects that manifest in unique ways in childcare when compared to senior care, which prevails in contemporary investigations into care work. This research demonstrates that the adjustment between conflicting logics that of capital and that of the sustainability of life happens both in unpaid work (households) and paid labor of different caregivers who absorb the impacts of this conflicts between their bodies and times.
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A comparative analysis of household owned woodlots and fuelwood sufficiency between female and male headed households : a pilot study in rural Malawi, AfricaChikoko, Mercy Gwazeni 22 July 2002 (has links)
Fuelwood is a basic need for rural households in Malawi. However,
deforestation has reduced the quantity of forest products such as fuelwood
available to households. This has negatively affected rural Malawian quality of life,
especially for women who are forced to walk long distances to collect fuelwood,
prepare foods with short cooking times, or reduce the number of meals.
The Malawi government has encouraged the establishment of household
owned woodlots, as a part of reforestation programs, to address the supply side of
the forest product scarcity. However, fuelwood supply and use is also a gender-based
issue; men plant trees and make decisions over harvesting, while women
gather and use fuelwood. Within the household, woodlot products also have
multiple and competing uses between men and women. It is critical to examine
how gender dynamics affect women's fuelwood procurement and use from the
woodlot.
This study investigated how gender of the household head and women's
access to woodlots affects fuelwood shortage, controlling for number of trees,
household size, and use of other fuels. Fifty-one female and sixty-three male-headed
households with household owned woodlots were interviewed, using
questionnaire and focus group interviews.
Results show that one-third of both household types reported experiencing
fuelwood shortages in the past year. Logistic regression indicates that gender of
household head is an important factor, along with number of trees in the woodlot,
in determining fuelwood sufficiency. Female-headed households were less likely to
experience fuelwood shortage than male-headed households when the interaction
with number of trees was included. Whether a woman in male-headed households
must seek permission to harvest fuelwood, number of trees, and cooking with
maize stalk were factors that predicted fuelwood shortage.
Suggestions for several interventions to address fuelwood supply and
access were included. Planting more trees in woodlots and use of fuelwood
efficient stoves are two important strategies. It is important to address gender-specific
priorities as they relate to woodlot use. This can be done through gender
sensitizations that target program planners and male household heads. For
successful programs, men and women should participate in both program planning
and implementation. / Graduation date: 2003
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Geschlechterpolitik und Klassenherrschaft : eine Integration marxistischer und feministischer Staatstheorien /Nowak, Jörg. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Kassel, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.
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La production des ménages contemporains : un tiers monde nécessaire au développement du mode de production capitaliste-patriarcal /Guilbault, Francine, January 1986 (has links)
Mémoire (M.E.R.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1986. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
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'The people you live with' gender identities and social practices, beliefs and power in the livelihoods of Ndau women and men in a village with an irrigation scheme in Zimbabwe /Vijfhuizen, C. January 2002 (has links)
Originally presented as the author's Thesis (Ph. D.)--Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [247]-254).
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Entre as tramas do gênero e da tecnologia na aldeia Araça-íMazzarotto, Cilene de Souza Matias 12 June 2012 (has links)
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo entender como se manifestam as relações de gênero e tecnologia entre índios da aldeia Araçá – í, localizada no Município de Piraquara – PR composta por 16 famílias. O marco teórico está embasado nas análises de autores da área dos estudos de gênero e teorias do campo de CTS (Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade). A abordagem metodológica para a pesquisa de campo foi a pesquisa qualitativa, por ser a que melhor se aproximou do universo pesquisado. A pesquisa contou com 12 entrevistas, observação participativa do dia-a-dia da aldeia e dos rituais na casa de reza, além do registro no diário de campo. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que as relações de gênero entre os Araça-í são construídas por meio da divisão sexual do trabalho. A tecnologia para os indígenas da aldeia Araça-í tem relação com as suas necessidades sociais, apesar das dificuldades de sua concretização em virtude da desestruturação cultural deste grupo frente ao contato secular com a sociedade nacional. A pesquisa de campo revelou ainda que o principal meio de subsistência advém de doações, artesanato vendido para visitantes da aldeia e inscrição em planos de assistência social do Governo. Os Guarani de hoje se vêem limitados a um pequeno espaço de terra, com recursos naturais escassos, o que determina de forma marcante sua cultura. Os rituais na casa de reza podem ser considerados como o centro da vida cultural dos Guarani pesquisados e representam uma tentativa deste grupo em preservar sua cultura. / The aim of this work was to understand how establishes the genus and technology among Indians from Aldeia Araça-í, composed by 16 families and localized in the municipality of Piraquara– PR, Brazil. The theoretical basis of this analysis was supported by authors focused in gender and technology studies. Furthermore, theories of the STS (Science, Technology and Society) were used in this work. Field research, in turn, was grounded in qualitative data analysis. It included 12 interviews, participant observation of day-to-day rituals within house of prayer and diaries registers from the field. The data showed that gender relations among Indians from Aldeia Araça-í are based in sexual division labor. In this study, Indian’s technology was related to social needs despite of difficulties presented by group due to social disruption because Araça-í society have been strictly in contact with national society. The field survey also revealed that the main to livelihood comes from donations, crafts sold to visitors and Government social assistance programs. Nowadays, the Guaranis find themselves limited to a small area to survive, with scarce natural resources and their culture have been clearly affected by these factors. In this work, the rituals at the house of prayer can be considered as the center of cultural life of the Guarani. Furthermore, It represents an attempt to this group to maintain their culture.
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Distúrbio de voz relacionado ao trabalho das docentes das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental de um município da região metropolitana de Curitiba-PR / Work-related voice disorders in teachers of the initial series of elementary education of a city in the outskirts of CuritibaMaciel, Sirley Machado 10 August 2016 (has links)
O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar as representações individuais e coletivas das docentes das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental de um Município da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba sobre o Distúrbio de Voz Relacionado ao Trabalho (DVRT) segundo o campo da Saúde do Trabalhador. Nessa perspectiva, buscamos ao logo do trabalho: 1) Avaliar como os problemas de gênero e da divisão sexual do trabalho contribuem para o DVRT nas docentes das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental desse Município; 2) Verificar quais as soluções tecnológicas e estratégias de enfrentamento individuais e coletivas ao DVRT são utilizadas pelas respectivas docentes. A partir dos objetivos propostos e para atender ao protocolo da pesquisa, utilizamos como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa de natureza interpretativa e, como instrumento de levantamento de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada mediante a técnica de grupo focal. Este trabalho está dividido em dois momentos: 1º) Pesquisa bibliográfica, que teve como objetivo conhecer e fundamentar um arcabouço teórico para este estudo e a legislação vigente da temática no Brasil. Foram analisadas obras, artigos científicos específicos da área e 47 teses e dissertações. 2º) Pesquisa empírica, cujo objetivo foi analisar as representações das docentes sobre o DVRT segundo o campo da Saúde do Trabalhador e verificar se os dados apresentados na pesquisa bibliográfica se confirmam ou não na pesquisa empírica. Com este estudo concluímos que: As docentes têm uma representação de apego sobre o trabalho, de amor quase incondicional e de missão; essa condição as impede de questionar as condições de trabalho que promovem o desgaste e favorecem as doenças atípicas do trabalho docente; as docentes que já apresentam DVRT reconhecem que as condições de trabalho e as condições ambientais são as principais responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento e reincidência do problema do DVRT, mas se sentem desamparadas e desassistidas pelas leis e pelas normas vigentes. As docentes com DVRT conhecem vários recursos técnicos e tecnológicos no tratamento das mesmas, porém, têm pouco acesso aos recursos de prevenção e quase nunca recorrem aos recursos da medicina popular ou caseira para tratamento ou prevenção. Os aparatos materiais, didáticos e pedagógicos, que poderiam ser substituídos como medidas preventivas nas salas de aula, são citados pelas docentes, mas ainda não fazem parte da sua realidade. As alternativas de engenharia e arquitetura na construção das escolas e salas de aula, que poderiam evitar os principais problemas de ordem ambiental, não são implementadas. As docentes reconhecem que o DVRT é uma doença do trabalho e reconhecem a importância das iniciativas das instituições, como a Secretaria da Educação e o Sindicato, na prevenção, no tratamento e na recuperação do DVRT. As mulheres efetivamente são mais predispostas a desenvolver o DVRT devido a multifatores relacionados a questões de gênero e a divisão sexual de trabalho. E as docentes são mais predispostas, pois, além desses fatores, também pelo fato de essa profissão estar associada à alta demanda vocal e pela falta de treinamento e preparação para o uso profissional da voz. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the individual and collective representations of teachers of the early grades of elementary school in a city in the outskirts of Curitiba regarding Voice Disorders Related to Work (VDRW) according to the Occupational Health field. From this perspective, during the project, we tried to: 1) Evaluate how issues of gender and sexual division of labor contribute to teachers’ VDRW in the early grades of elementary school of this city; 2) Check which technological solutions and individual and collective coping strategies to VDRW are used by these teachers. Starting from the proposed objectives and in order to meet the research protocol, we used a qualitative-interpretative research methodology, and the data collection instrument was semi-structured interviews using the focus group technique. This work is divided into two stages: 1) Bibliographic research, whose objective was to identify and support a theoretical framework for this study and the current legislation about this issue in Brazil. Books, specific scientific articles in the area and 47 theses and dissertations were analyzed. 2) Empirical research, whose objective was to analyze the teachers’ representations about VDRW, according to the Occupational Health field and to verify if the data found in literature is confirmed or not in empirical research. With this study we concluded that: Teachers have showed emotional attachment to their work, with almost unconditional love and as if work was a mission; this condition prevents them to question working conditions that cause tiredness and favor diseases that are not common among teachers; Teachers who already have VDRW recognize that working and environmental conditions are the main cause of the development and recurrence of this problem, but feel helpless and devoid of laws and regulations. Teachers with VDRW are aware of several technical and technological resources for their treatment; however, they have little access to prevention resources and almost never make use of popular medicine or home remedies for treatment or prevention. Material, instructional and teaching apparatus that could be replaced as preventative measures in classrooms are known by the teachers, but not available. Alternative engineering and architecture in the construction of schools and classrooms that could avoid the main problems relating to environment are not implemented. The teachers recognize that VDRW is a labor disease and know the importance of the initiatives of institutions such as the Department of Education and the Union for prevention, treatment and healing of VDRW. Women are actually more likely to develop VDRW due to different factors related to gender and sexual division of labor. In addition to these aspects, this profession is also associated with high vocal demand and lack of training and preparation for the professional use of voice.
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