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As the retail apocalypse is increasing, it is common to face stores without consumers in citycenters. E-commerce is one of the factors that has had a negative impact on physical stores,both in city centers and in shopping malls. It has been easier for shopping malls than forcity centers to fight the increased competition.The purpose of this thesis was to explore who the typical shopping mall consumer was andif this consumer felt excluded from city centers. Four concepts were investigated; consumerstereotype, place image, shopping experience and place attractiveness. A qualitative,method and an exploratory approach were applied, and the data was collected through anonline focus group and interviews.The findings showed that the perceived typical shopping mall consumer had seven traits;social, fun, curious, open, flexible, time thrifty, calm and patient, and four characteristics;young, families with children, females and formal styles/ fashion oriented. Furthermore,this consumer felt excluded as a shopper because of the limited supply and divided citycenter.The implication of this study was to understand who the typical shopping mall consumeris and, if and why he/she felt excluded. Hence, this can provide retailers in city centers withunderstanding of what factors affect the perceived typical shopping mall consumer’s choiceand thus will enable them to make their stores more welcoming also to the typical shoppingmall customer.The original value of this study is an understanding of the perceived typical shopping mallconsumer and if this consumer feels excluded from city centers, which has previously notbeen explored.

This research examines the effects of using 3D virtual shopping malls and shows the user interaction and experience in this type of virtual environments. Technology developments and the use of the Internet made users to expect more services, which help to improve the user's life. Using a 3D virtual environment and adding a shopping idea to it is considered as very interesting, especially if it reflects the real world in a virtual reality that make its users attached to it. Furthermore, the possibility of having an avatar to represent themselves in computer-mediated virtual environment help users to explore the virtual environment. Another advantage is that users have the possibility to invite friends and to navigate inside a 3D Virtual-shopping mall not alone but together, which gives the user the capability to socialise inside the mall. Besides, changing of the customer's profile and chatting with friends is supported, too. Moreover, the transformation process from a two-dimensional environment to a three-dimensional environment is considered to be convenient for both, customers and mall owners.   I have used phenomenology to investigate this new phenomenon. In addition the data was gathered by interviewing several participants from different educational levels as well as business owners of 3D virtual malls. The research will show the potential of using a 3D virtual shopping mall from the user's perspective as well as from the business' owners and having a 3D virtual shopping mall is not only considered entertaining, but also convenient.   As a future work I recommend to interview the merchants in this research to grasp this idea completely.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to design and assessment of the steel structure of shopping mall, which is situated in Brno. Three variants were processed, from which one was selected for more detailed processing. Variants have hexagonal floor plan with maximum dimension 60,0 m, four floors and same structural solution. They differ in plan of secondary beams and columns, in floor plan of glass atrium and used cross-sections. Building´s load-bearing structure consists of pin-supported columns, primary beams, secondary beams and purlins. Rigidity of the structure is enshured by system of vertical bracings and in horizontal direction by composite slab. The structure elements are made of steel S355, except secondary beams, which are made of steel S235.

Shopping malls, as an important type of commercial facilities, are growing dramatically.They have gradually become one of the most dominant factors that can influence people's daily life as well as a city's economic development. People's willingness to pay for dwellings is also primarily associated with the surrounding commercial layout.Hence, it is of interest to find out more from a quantitative perspective on the relationship between shopping malls and housing prices. This study aims to analyzehow the prices of condominiums will be affected by the proximity of shopping malls.Two aspects are considered and examined in the empirical study, namely a proximity to the shopping mall, and the number of shopping malls within 3 kilometers radius. Wetry to examine if there is any price premium for those apartments near the shoppingmall or with more shopping malls in the neighborhood. In this empirical study, 36shopping malls in different locations in the county of Stockholm, Sweden, is utilized.The sample of transactions consists of 336,914 apartments. By using regression analysis, based on the traditional hedonic model, the results show that there is an inverse relationship between the apartment prices and its distance from the shopping mall while the number of shopping malls is positively correlated with apartment prices. / Köpcentra som en viktig typ av kommersiella anläggningar växer dramatiskt dessa år. De har gradvis blivit en av de mest dominerande faktorerna som kan påverka människors vardag och en stads ekonomiska utveckling. Människors villighet att betala för husen på marknaden är också till stor del kopplad till den omgivande kommersiella utformningen. Därför är det nödvändigt för oss att ta reda på mer i ett mer kvantitativt perspektiv om förhållandet mellan köpcentra och bostadspriset. Denna studie syftar tillatt diskutera hur priset på bostäder kommer att påverkas av köpcentra. Två aspekter beaktas och undersöks under en empirisk studie, som är närheten till köpcentret och den andra är antalet köpcentra inom 3 km avstånd. Målet är att avslöja om det finns något prispremie för dessa fastigheter nära köpcentret eller med fler köpcentra i närheten. I denna empiriska studie tas 36 köpcentra på olika platser som prov i Stockholms län, Sverige. Sedan kommer transaktionsdata där proverna består av 336,914 lägenheter behandlas och analyseras i Stata. Genom att använda giltiga transaktionsdata, kombinera med matematiska ekvationer och obligatorisk statistiskkunskap, är syftet med denna studie att beskriva och sammanfatta data för att sedan genomföra regressionsanalys baserat på fyra hedoniska modeller, inklusive både linjär och log-linjär form. Regressionsresultatet är signifikant vid 1% konfidensnivå, vilket innebär att de förklarande variablerna verkligen har betydande effekter på de beroende variablerna. Resultaten visar att det finns en omvänd relation mellan bostadspriset och dess avstånd från köpcentret. Medan antalet köpcentra är positivt korrelerat med bostadspriset.

Städer har i århundraden bildats kring handelsplatser men i och med att världen blir mer och mer digital ser vi en förändring i hur konsumenter beter sig. Idag har handelsplatserna flyttat in hemmet, till våra datorer, vilket har gjort att den fysiska handeln har minskat och enligt prognoser är detta en trend som kommer fortsätta. I media har begreppet “butiksdöden” diskuterats länge men på senaste tiden har också begreppet “galleriadöden” figurerat som en indikator på att e-handeln nu utmanar köpcentrumhandeln. Med detta som utgångsläge är syftet med denna rapport att undersöka hur köpcentrum kommer utvecklas i en framtid med en minskad andel fysisk handel. Arbetet är avgränsat till köpcentrum i Sverige och utreder bara den utveckling, eller de åtgärder som sker inom köpcentrumfastigheten eller av fastighetsägare, butiksägare eller andra med ett intresse för köpcentret. Underlaget till rapporten är hämtat från intervjuer med aktörer inom fastighetsbranschen, handelsbranschen och inom intresseorganisationer. För att analysera resultatet används tidigare forskning och teorier inom stadsplanering och handel. Resultat är komplext men visar att Sveriges köpcentrum står inför en strukturomvandling. Studien tyder på att många köpcentrum kommer utvecklas men också på att de centrum som inte gör det riskerar att gå i konkurs och då rivas. Detta kommer ske eftersom köpcentrum är väldigt specialiserade och monofunktionella byggnader vilket gör det inte är lönsamt med någon annan användning än handel. För att ett köpcentrum ska klara sig i konkurrens mot e-handeln måste de bli flexibla, emotionella, lokala och bättre anpassade till staden omkring. / For hundred of years, cities have been formed around places of trade but in a more digital world, consumer behavior is changing. Today, people are shopping online which has led to a decline in physical retail and according to recent studies this is a trend that will continue. For a long time the media has discussed the “death of stores” but recently the debate has shifted to “the death of malls” as a result of online shopping growing more popular. This report is based on the premise of a continued decline in physical retail and the aim is to evaluate and analyse the future of the shopping mall. The report is limited to the future of swedish malls and will only evaluate what can be done on the property of the mall or by the property owner, store owner or other people with an interest in the mall. The report is based on interviews with people from the real estate business, retail business and from organizations connected to malls or retail. To analyze the result of the interviews previous research and theory of urban planning and retail has been used. The result of the study is complex but is shows that shopping malls will undergo a structural change. It shows that some shopping malls will evolve but it also shows that the ones that doesn’t will face bankruptcy and then be demolished. This will happen since malls are highly specialised and monofunctional buildings which makes it uneconomical to use them for other purposes than consumption. To make malls competitive against internet shopping, they have to become more flexible, emotional, local and better adapted to the city surrounding them.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-01T17:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Barra Freitas de Vilhena.pdf: 731814 bytes, checksum: 4883f97995754df3d93040c2862b0c22 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-01T17:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Barra Freitas de Vilhena.pdf: 731814 bytes, checksum: 4883f97995754df3d93040c2862b0c22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-14 / This essay seeks to analyse the contracts between entrepreneurs and retailers within the shopping mall. It will address the history of this type of enterprise, as well as the characteristics and aspects that make up its complex structure and differentiate it from other types of enterprises, such as galleries and magazines. Given the peculiarities of the shopping mall contracts, there is a controversy over the legal nature of such contracts. The different doctrinal positions that qualify these contracts as typical, in the frame of the lease, atypical or linked agreements, will be a part of these study, as well as the interpretation which, it is believed, best meets the objectives of the contractors. Likewise, the more specific terms of such contracts will be examined separately, investigating the reason for its existence and the interpretation given by Brazilian Courts of Justice. The study will address the existence of different types of goodwill within the mall, and the consequence of this fact in concluding res sperata contracts, before and after the opening of the shopping mall. The work also has the scope to demonstrate the relevance of the tenant mix to the success of shopping malls and, therefore, seek to explore the importance of the role of the entrepreneur in the project planning and maintenance and constant updating of the tenant mix, in order to attract many customers to a shopping mall, always aiming to increase sales. This work will be finalized with the study of instruments, namely the eviction and denial of renewal of contracts, to be used by the entrepreneur to preserve or improve the tenant mix / Esta dissertação busca analisar os contratos celebrados entre empreendedores e lojistas no âmbito dos shopping centers. Será abordado o histórico desse tipo de empreendimento, bem como as características e aspectos que compõem sua complexa estrutura e o diferenciam de outros tipos de empreendimentos, como galerias e magazines. Dadas as peculiaridades existentes nos contratos de shopping center, existe uma grande controvérsia acerca da natureza jurídica de tais contratos. Serão estudados os diferentes posicionamentos doutrinários que qualificam esses contratos como típicos, na moldura do contrato de locação, atípicos ou coligados, abordando ainda a interpretação que, acredita-se, atenda melhor aos objetivos dos contratantes. Também serão analisadas, separadamente, as cláusulas mais particulares de tais contratos, investigando a razão de sua existência e a interpretação dada pelos tribunais pátrios. Será abordada a existência de diferentes fundos de comércio dentro do shopping center, e a consequência de tal fato na celebração de contratos de res sperata antes e depois da inauguração do empreendimento. O trabalho também tem por escopo demonstrar a relevância do tenant mix para o sucesso dos shopping centers e, para tanto, buscará explorar a importância da atuação do empreendedor no planejamento do empreendimento e na manutenção e constante atualização do tenant mix, de forma a atrair um grande número de frequentadores e potenciais clientes ao shopping, visando sempre o aumento de vendas. Este estudo será finalizado com o levantamento de instrumentos, consistentes na ação de despejo e negativa de renovação dos contratos, a serem utilizados pelo empreendedor para a preservação ou aprimoramento do tenant mix

在政府政策之引導下，使得商業不動產與零售業結合之購物中心開發案，在幾年之內開發數十座大型購物中心，台灣地區是目前全世界大型購物中心發展最快速的地區，這個經驗是全世界過去所沒有的。本研究為探索性、計質法之研究，研究之目的在回答：一、開發商對大型購物中心區位選擇對定位之影響為何？ 二、大型購物中心之發展過程對其定位之決策有何影響？ 三、開發商對大型購物中心購物與娛樂兩種主要功能之定位決策考慮為何？ 希望藉由本研究，能對大型購物中心之開發業者在進行定位時，提供一些較深入的建議與參考。 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機與目的 3 第二節 研究目的 5 第三節 研究範圍 5 第四節 章節結構 6 第二章 文獻探討 7 第一節 大型購物中心定位之定義 7 一、大型購物中心之定義 7 二、購物中心之定位 9 第二節 實證研究文獻探討 12 一、以消費者重視程度區分 12 二、以適合台灣本土之特性區分 14 三、以世界之發展趨勢區分 16 四、以吸引客戶之原因區分 17 第三節 台灣購物中心產業發展之特性 18 第四節 台灣地區大型購物中心的開發 20 第五節 專家意見 24 第六節 文獻探討結論 29 第三章 研究方法 30 第一節 研究方法與程序 30 第二節 研究變數與衡量方式 31 第三節 研究對象 33 第四節 深度訪談之問題設定 34 第五節 分析架構 35 第四章 個案探討 36 第一節 京華城（Core Pacific City） 36 第二節 台茂購物中心（TAIMALL) 40 第三節 月眉育樂世界（Discovery World） 45 第四節 天保山購物中心 50 第五章 命題發展 55 第一節 個案分析 55 第二節 命題發展 60 一、 區位選擇對購物中心之定位之影響 60 二、 發展過程對購物中心之定位之影響 63 三、 開發團隊對購物中心定位之影響 66 第六章 結論與建議 68 第一節 研究結論 68 第二節 研究限制 71 第三節 研究建議 72 一、 對開發商的建議 72 二、 對後續研究者的建議 74 參考文獻 75 中文部份： 75 英文部份： 76 附件一 京華城購物中心—參考資料 77 附件二 台茂開發案—參考資料 79 附件三 月眉育樂世界—參考資料 81 附件四 日本天保山購物中心—參考資料 83 / Due to government’s policy, the projects that combine the commercial real estate and retail functions are developed rapidly within these couple years. Taiwan is the most rapid area for the shopping center development, this kind of experience cannot find in the world. This is an exploratory and qualitative research. The purposes are to answer: 1.What are the influences of location to positioning of the shopping center developers? 2.What are the influences of positioning decision due to development process? 3. What are the consideration of the merchandise and entertainment functions to the shopping center developers? This research can provides some advance advices and suggestions to the shopping center developers.

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