this thesis investigates, whether or not, and to what degree architecture effects the urban and social segregation of suburbs which are built primarily to house industrial labor in times of economic growth. the city of clichy-sous-bois, which became well known because of its riots in 2005 was the particular focus of this study. the work informs the reader about the historical background of clichy and its dedicated french metropolis paris. it gives background information about the riots of 2005 and today's situation of the banlieue. then, the thesis follows some general examples about the "haussmannisation" of paris and gives a short insight in the statistical coherences of crime and urbanism. after that, it takes a quick look at special housing examples in east-germany and vienna. it concludes with a summary and comparison of researched information and a possible proposal to improve the conditions in clichy-sous-bois. / Master of Architecture

Millions of people around the developing world struggle to obtain safe, decent and affordable housing. The United States of America has substantially improved the residential construction sector by engineering new materials and developing efficient systems in wood construction. The goal of this research was to assess the potential of introducing system built wood construction system manufactured in the United States in urban social housing markets of developing countries. Peru, Ecuador and Colombia were three countries chosen for this study. Stakeholders in social housing in these three countries were interviewed to assess key aspects of traditional construction, current social housing deficits, perception of wood use in construction, and policies associated with social housing in selected markets. Findings indicate developing custom housing products for urban social housing programs can provide access to this untapped markets. Awareness about wood construction was very limited in the studied region. System built wood construction manufacturers in the U.S. were assessed to identify barriers and incentives for internationalization. Manufacturers in the U.S. also identify the need to expand their existing customer base. Findings of the survey conducted among the manufacturers identified various barriers to export. This research contributes to opening of new markets for exports of prefabricated wooden buildings in new geographical regions. / Master of Science

Denna uppsats behandlar blandat boende i svensk och finsk kontext genom en komparativ fallstudie av två städer, Stockholm och Helsingfors. Vi använder prisskillnader inom ett område som indikator av huruvida blandning är möjligt att uppnå. För de flesta är priset eller hyran på bostäder det som avgör huruvida var och en kan eller inte kan bo någonstans. Begreppet blandat boende innebär att homogenitet i bostadsbeståndet resulterar i homogenitet i befolkningen, vilket leder till förvärrat segregation. Blandat boende är således ett sätt att främja social hållbarhet. Social hållbarhet i sin tur är ett luddigt begrepp som kan definieras på flera olika sätt beroende på författarens synvinkel. Denna studie fokuserar på segregationsförebyggande åtgärder och rätten till bostad. Blandat boende används ofta som ett mål i planeringsdokumenten i svenska kommuner. Trots denna ambition att uppnå någonting socialt hållbart översätts denna retorik sällan till verklighet då kommuner använder blandat boende både som ett retoriskt mål och som ett redskap att uppnå detta. Stockholms nya stadsutvecklingsområden blir socioekonomiskt segregerade trots det retoriska målet om blandat boende (se Holmqvist 2009:259); prisskillnader inom en stadsdel är inte möjliga att uppnå, vilket resulterar i att endast en begränsad socioekonomisk grupp kan bosätta sig i området. Svenska upplåtelseformer är inte ett tillräckligt verktyg för att kunna skapa en socioekonomiskt blandad stad. Socioekonomisk segregation är starkt kopplat till etnisk segregation. Helsingfors stad har en lång tradition av att blanda upplåtelseformer. Till skillnad från Stockholm översätts målen om blandat boende i större grad till verklighet i Helsingfors. Detta förutsätter en bred palett av kommunala verktyg och kommunal vilja. En avgörande förutsättning är att Finland har fler upplåtelseformer än Sverige, vilket möjliggör att det kan finnas tillgängliga bostäder för alla socioekonomiska grupper även i nya stadsutvecklingsområden. Som illustrerande exempel har Norra Djurgårdsstaden i Stockholm och Fiskehamnen i Helsingfors studerats utifrån hur retoriken om blandat boende i policydokument, program och visioner har översatts till verklighet i dessa stadsdelar.

My diploma thesis deals with social housing issue and its building approach in Tábor and Prague, furthermore it monitors current system setting in "the capital" in comparison with "the municipality with extended competence". In both observed areas my research is based on work of carefully selected Non-Government Organisations which focus on the social housing issue. Moreover my diploma thesis examines realization opportunities of social housing and its cooperation with self-governing institutions. The main part describes long and difficult formation of legal framework and final face of Act on Social Housing as well as ideas and attitudes of all key counterparties in Czech Republic during its negotiation. Finally my thesis describes different views of social housing issue in selected European countries and shows its funding options.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-23T18:22:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 nadiadeoliveiracamacho.pdf: 6523902 bytes, checksum: fa5611613ce7ce18cb96edf477b54df0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:31:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nadiadeoliveiracamacho.pdf: 6523902 bytes, checksum: fa5611613ce7ce18cb96edf477b54df0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:31:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nadiadeoliveiracamacho.pdf: 6523902 bytes, checksum: fa5611613ce7ce18cb96edf477b54df0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / Ao longo do tempo, observam-se diversas iniciativas com o objetivo comum de enfrentar a demanda habitacional existente no Brasil. Pesquisas mostram que a execução destes programas encontra diversos obstáculos como a falta de flexibilidade funcional e pouca participação dos moradores no desenvolvimento dos projetos. Como consequência, muitos moradores modificam suas moradias no sentido de adequá-las às suas necessidades sem o devido aporte técnico. Esta dissertação tem como campo de análise a habitação de interesse social (HIS) e destaca dois instrumentos legais: a Lei de Assistência Técnica e o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). O objetivo do trabalho é investigar a possibilidade da intervenção nas residências unifamiliares do PMCMV, com o devido aporte profissional de arquitetura, urbanismo ou engenharia por meio da Lei de Assistência Técnica Pública e Gratuita. Os métodos adotados foram: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica e revisão sistemática de literatura acerca da HIS no Brasil e temas correlatos; (ii) pesquisa documental das legislações: (a) Lei nº 11.888/08 - que garante às famílias com renda de até três salários mínimos o acesso a profissionais do ramo da construção civil para a construção, reforma, ampliação ou regularização das moradias; e (b) Lei nº 11.977/09 que instituiu o PMCMV, bem como suas atualizações; (iii) pesquisa documental de fotografias de empreendimentos do PMCMV nas cinco regiões brasileiras, por meio da ferramenta Google Earth®; (iv) entrevista semiestruturada com atores e agentes significativos da sociedade organizada; (v) sistematização dos dados, análise da documentação e das entrevistas. Como contribuições, a pesquisa evidencia a prática recorrente de alteração das moradias, demonstrando a viabilidade do apoio de profissionais da arquitetura e engenharia, por meio da Lei de Assistência Técnica às reformas e ampliações demandadas pelos moradores do PMCMV - Faixa I. Observou-se que há obstáculos a serem vencidos para que a proposta se concretize, como por exemplo, ausência de regulamentação da Lei de Assistência Técnica e estrutura insuficiente municipal para a condução da gestão da política habitacional como um todo. Porém, apontam-se possibilidades como, criação de fundos que contribuam para a gestão habitacional por meio os instrumentos previstos no Estatuto da Cidade; rearranjo institucional municipal; previsão na lei do PMCMV a prestação de serviços de assistência técnica considerando uma porcentagem de recursos assim como ocorre com o trabalho técnico social; entre outras. / Along the time, several actions towards the need for social housing in Brazil have been observed. Studies have shown that these programs face barriers like the lack of functional flexibility and little participation of the residents in the development of these projects. Consequently, many residents remodel their homes to fit them to their needs without the proper technical support. This dissertation has the purpose of analyzing the social housing (HIS – Habitação de Interesse Social) and focus at two legal instruments: Lei de Assitência Técnica (Law of Technical Assistance) and the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida - PMCMV (Program My Home My Life). This study aims at the possibility of intervention on the singlefamily houses of the PMCMV, with the proper professional support of architecture, urbanism and engineering through the Lei de Assistência Técnica Pública e Gratuita (Law of Public and Free Technical Assistance). This work has the following methodology: (i) bibliographic research and systematic review on social housing in Brazil; (ii) documental research on (a) law n.11.888/08, which allows free professional support on construction, reforms, enlargement and regularization of the buildings to the families that make less than three minimum wages; and (b) law n.11.977/09 and its complements, which created the PMCMV housing program; (iii) documental research using Google Earth®'s photographs from PMCMV condos of the five geographical regions of Brazil; (iv) semi structured interview with influential people from organized society; (v) data analysis of documents and interviews. This study contributes evidencing the recurrent practice of modifying the buildings, pointing the feasibility of support from architecture and engineering professionals through the Lei de Assitência Técnica (Law of Technical Assistance). There are obstacles to be overcome in order to achieve the purpose of this work, for example, the lack of regularization of the Lei de Assitência Técnica (Law of Technical Assistance) and the unsatisfying municipal structure to conduct the social housing policies, however it is pointed ways to manage them.

Syftet är att undersöka hur socialtjänstens roll på bostadsmarknaden har förändrats de senaste åren fram tills idag. Vad blir effekterna av det och vilken roll kommer socialtjänsten att ha på bostadsmarknaden i framtiden. Studien består av en kvalitativ metod baserad på intervjuer av olika socialtjänster i Skåne. Intervjuer genomfördes och korrelerades med tidigare forskning för att visa på socialtjänstens roll på bostadsmarknaden och dess framtid utifrån forskning och intervjuernas slutsatser. Utifrån dessa finner man att socialtjänsten är i en situation där de inte kan fortsätta på samma sätt som de gjort och kommer att tvingas göra förändringar. Samtidigt ser man på ett problem på den universella bostadsmarknaden där stora förändringar krävs för att bibehålla den bostadspolitik som Sverige haft under lång tid. / The purpose is to research the role of the Swedish social services within the Swedish housing market and how it has changed the last few years to today's date. What are the effects of these changes and  what will the role of the social services be in the future. The study consists of a qualitative method based on interviews of different social services in Scania. The interviews were conducted and correlated with previous research to show the role of the social services and their future based on the research and findings of the interviews. From these results the study finds that the social services are in a situation where they cannot continue as they have done and will be forced to make changes. At the same time the study finds that there is an inherent problem with the universal housing market policy that Sweden has long worked under where large changes are necessary to maintain the housing policy that has existed in Sweden for a long time.

As part of the UK’s effort to combat climate change, deep reductions in carbon emissions will be required from existing social housing. This thesis explores the viability of achieving such a goal through a case-study approach, focusing on Peabody, a large housing association operating in London. A model was developed for Peabody’s existing housing stock that quantifies the impacts of technical carbon reduction interventions on stock carbon emissions, Peabody’s expenditure and residents’ fuel bills for the period up to 2030. A participant observation study, conducted from 2006 to 2009, explored the impact of contextual factors influencing the viability of Peabody carrying out the considered technical interventions. The model study found that the Greater London Authority’s target of achieving 60% emission cuts by 2025 could be achieved, but only through extensive stock refurbishment, including a widespread use of solid wall insulation. An external context of substantial reductions in the carbon intensity of the national grid and constrained resident demand for energy is also required. Even where considerable financial support for refurbishment from Government was assumed, the model provided evidence of a funding gap of tens of millions of pounds which would need to be bridged if the required measures were to be carried out. The participant observation study found that the prohibitive cost of carrying out carbon reduction measures is the key barrier currently holding back progress. Other significant issues are related to Government policy, including the inability to raise income from residents to offset refurbishment spending, and the lack of a long term framework to drive action to reduce emissions from existing UK housing. By coupling an analysis of technical interventions with analysis of their financial and political viability, this thesis demonstrates that the achievement of deep emission cuts from Peabody’s existing stock is certainly possible, but requires changes in Government policy and increased efforts from all stakeholders concerned if it is to come to pass.

This thesis addresses two key questions: First, how did those involved in the provision of public housing in twentieth-century England conceptualise the people who they were providing houses for? Second, how did their ideas change over time? These questions are important and need answering because, although there has been a great deal written about the history of public housing in England, there has up until now been very little thought given to the manner in which the council estate tenants themselves were actually identified and conceptualised as subjects in need of state-funded housing. My thesis begins to redress this imbalance by providing an overview of the changing forms and practices through which prospective tenants were conceptualised and acted upon by those in positions of power in England between 1920 and 1970. Using records from local authority archives, sociological surveys, architectural and town planning journals, central government publications, Mass Observation reports and tenant handbooks, and focusing primarily on council estates in London, Manchester and Sheffield, it shows how ideas about what prospective tenants needed from their homes changed dramatically over the course of this period, with the narrowly sanitary and biopolitical approaches of the 1920s and 1930s increasingly being challenged and complemented by a host of new ideas and discourses which placed far more emphasis upon the prospective tenant’s emotional, social and personal needs. As such, this thesis not only adds substantially to our understanding of the changes that took place in the English public housing sector between 1920 and 1970, but also adds to the burgeoning literature on questions of governmentality; contributing in the process to our understandings of modern modes of power.

Denna uppsats behandlar ämnet "social housing" och det motstånd som finns mot denna form av social bostadsförsörjning i Sverige. Den svenska bostadssektorns sociala modell, så kallade sociala hyreskontrakt utvärderas i ett komparativt perspektiv med Nederländerna och England, två länder som har "social housing". Perspektiv kring allmännyttans nya och traditionella roll som bostadsförsörjare i Sverige tas också upp. Ett stigberoende inom välfärdsregimerna som är extra markant för bostadssektorn kan förklara varför "social housing" inte anses positivt i Sverige och man är vidare rädd för att bygga nya segregerade eller stigmatiserande bostäder. Slutsatsen blir att den svenska modellen med sociala hyreskontrakt är relativt sett bättre än "social housing" i Nederländerna och England, då man kan sprida kontrakten i ett helt bostadsbestånd. Därigenom förbättras förutsättningarna för att förhindra stigmatisering och segregation. Dock framgår det att i och med ny lagstiftning i Sverige så har allmännyttans roll förändrats, samtidigt som bostadsbeståndet har blivit mer segregerat. Man har också inom allmännyttan i vissa fall skärpt sina hyreskrav, vilket ökat behovet av sociala hyreskontrakt. Många allmännyttiga bostadsbolag har också anpassat sitt sociala arbete efter "nya allbolagen" som kom år 2011 och som innebär att allmännyttan måste verka affärsmässigt.

Esta dissertação trata da produção autogestionária do habitat na cidade de Buenos Aires, como parte de um processo mais amplo de debates e práticas autogestionárias na América Latina. Partindo do contexto histórico, estuda as consequências políticas e sociais das reformas neoliberais na Argentina no campo habitacional, e analisa a ação dos movimentos sociais a partir da crise de 2001. Esse contexto recente foi favorável ao crescimento das práticas autogestionárias na produção habitacional e na luta pelo direito à cidade, iniciando no combate ao neoliberalismo extremo Menemista até a queda do presidente De La Rua, quando os trabalhadores passaram a ocupar fábricas, edifícios, ruas e praças em um processo de autogestão urbana sem precedentes na América Latina pós-ditaduras militares. Como estudo de caso, esta pesquisa recupera as experiências desenvolvidas pelas cooperativas habitacionais a partir da Lei 341/00, que permitiu a produção habitacional por autogestão através de organizações sociais, impulsionada principalmente pelo Movimento de Ocupantes e Inquilinos (MOI), aprofundando questões relativas a este movimento. Há muitos estudos sobre a influência da Fucvam (Fed. Uruguaia de Cooperativas de Habitação e Ajuda Mútua) nos movimentos de moradia brasileiros, demonstrando como os princípios autogestionários importados do Uruguai desencadearam no Brasil uma nova forma organizativa, diferente inclusive da matriz original. A análise da importação de um modelo para outra realidade permite que o próprio modelo original seja analisado sob nova perspectiva. A experiência argentina recente do MOI - Movimento de Ocupantes e Inquilinos, que, assim como a experiência brasileira, se alimentou das ideias da Fucvam, se destaca entre as experiências de autogestão do habitat como proposta inovadora em termos arquitetônicos, urbanos e organizativos, com importantes novidades em relação às experiências uruguaias e brasileiras. / This essay is regarding the self-managed production of the habitat in Buenos Aires, as part of a wide process of debates and self-management practices in Latin America. Starting from the historical context, it focus on political and social consequences of neoliberal reforms in Argentina on housing field, and analyses the action of the social movements since the crisis of 2001. The growth of the self-management practices in housing production and the fight for the right to the city were favored by this recent context, starting during the battle against the extreme neoliberalism \"Menemista\" until the fall of President De La Rua, when workers began to occupy factories, buildings, streets and squares in a process of urban selfmanagement with no precedents in Latin America after military dictatorships. As a case study, this research brings back the experiences developed by housing cooperatives initiated with the Code 341/00, which allowed housing production for selfmanagement through social organizations, mainly driven by the Occupiers and Tenants Movement (MOI), expanding the issues related to this movement. There are many studies about the influence of FUCVAM (Fed. Uruguaia of Housing Cooperatives and Mutual Aid) in Brazilian housing movements, demonstrating how self-management principles, which were imported from Uruguay, have set off a new organizational form in Brazil, even different from the original former. The application of imported model to a different reality brings a new perspective to the original model situation. The recent Argentine experience MOI - Movement Occupants and Tenants, who, like the Brazilian experience, fed the ideas of FUCVAM, stands out between the experiences of the habitat self-management as innovative proposal in terms of architecture, urban and organization, with important news related to the Uruguayan and Brazilian experiences.