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Resolução de problemas matemáticos no fim da escolarização básica: estudo de alguns casos / Solving mathematical problems at the end of basic schooling: study of some casesBarbedo, Nilo Gonçalves 07 December 2017 (has links)
Este trabalho trata do comportamento de jovens estudantes de uma escola da rede estadual paulista no que concerne as estratégias e heurísticas observáveis que praticam diante de determinados problemas lógico-matemáticos. Identifica algumas das heurísticas e estratégias clássicas que os educandos praticam e não praticam. A investigação se dá por meio de apresentação de problemas contextualizados que prescindem de conhecimentos matemáticos elaborados, a estudantes do último ano do ensino médio e análise dos processos de resolução deflagrados pelos estudantes na tentativa de resolver os problemas. Também é apresentado subsídio teórico e problemas adequados à reprodução parcial dessa investigação que podem interessar ao professor de matemática da educação básica ou ao pesquisador em resolução de problemas. Por fim, são problematizadas as informações observadas sobre o comportamento intelectual dos educandos no sentido de estabelecer hipóteses sobre as conquistas ou não dos educandos quanto à competência em resolução de problemas. / Este trabalho trata do comportamento de jovens estudantes de uma escola da rede estadual paulista no que concerne as estratégias e heurísticas observáveis que praticam diante de determinados problemas lógico-matemáticos. Identifica algumas das heurísticas e estratégias clássicas que os educandos praticam e não praticam. A investigação se dá por meio de apresentação de problemas contextualizados que prescindem de conhecimentos matemáticos elaborados, a estudantes do último ano do ensino médio e análise dos processos de resolução deflagrados pelos estudantes na tentativa de resolver os problemas. Também é apresentado subsídio teórico e problemas adequados à reprodução parcial dessa investigação que podem interessar ao professor de matemática da educação básica ou ao pesquisador em resolução de problemas. Por fim, são problematizadas as informações observadas sobre o comportamento intelectual dos educandos no sentido de estabelecer hipóteses sobre as conquistas ou não dos educandos quanto à competência em resolução de problemas.
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Pensamento computacional na educação básica: uma abordagem para estimular a capacidade de resolução de problemas na matemática.COSTA, Erick John Fidelis. 29 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-29T18:05:26Z
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-05 / O desenvolvimento da capacidade de resolução de problemas deve ser estimulado desde
as séries iniciais. Diante dessa necessidade, o ensino de Computação passou a ser considerado com o objetivo de estimular e aprimorar competências essências para resolução de problemas. Desenvolvendo nos estudantes uma maneira de interagir com a Ciência da Computação por meio de um pensamento interdisciplinar, o Pensamento Computacional. O Pensamento Computacional se baseia nas competências adquiridas através da Ciência da Computação, não apenas como ferramenta, mas como uma forma de pensar de maneira organizada e capaz de explorar as potencialidades provenientes das tecnologias da informação e comunicação. As principais abordagens para estimular o Pensamento Computacional, são: através de disciplinas específicas da Ciência da Computação (programação, algoritmos, etc) e, através da aplicação conjunta do Pensamento Computacional em paralelo ao ensino de disciplinas do ensino básico (matemática, ciência e leitura) sem a necessidade de disciplinas específicas da Ciência da Computação. Levando em consideração a segunda abordagem, é um problema realizar aplicações práticas pela falta de subsídio na literatura (poucos estudos práticos), inviabilizando sua aplicação. Pensando nisso, uma abordagem foi concebida para estimular as competências do Pensamento Computacional em conjunto à disciplina de
matemática do ensino básico. Tal abordagem teve como objetivo estimular a capacidade de resolução de problemas nos alunos, por meio da própria disciplina de matemática, estimulando as competências essenciais através de atividades práticas utilizando questões em maior conformidade com o Pensamento Computacional. A abordagem proposta evidenciou fatores que possivelmente contribuíram para melhorar a capacidade de resolução de problemas nos alunos envolvidos. Isso foi identificado através da aplicação de um quasi-experimento onde foi possível identificar o impacto das atividades práticas propostas, no que diz respeito ao estímulo à capacidade de resolução de problemas nos alunos. / The development of the capacity to solve problems should be stimulated from the initial
grades. Facing this necessity, the teaching of Computing began to be considered with the
objective of stimulating and improving essential competences to solve problems. Aiming
that students can develop a way of interacting with the Computer Science through an interdisciplinary thinking, the Computational Thinking. The Computational Thinking is based
on the competences acquired through the Computer Science, not only as a tool, but as a way of thinking in an organized way and being able to explore the potentiality from information and communication technologies. The main approaches to stimulate Computational Thinking are: through specific Computer Science disciplines(programming, algorithms, etc.) and through the joint application of Computational Thinking in parallel with the teaching of subjects in the basic education(mathematics, science and reading) without the need of specific disciplines from the Computer Science. Considering the second approach, it is a problem to perform practical applications with the lack of subsidy in the literature (few practical studies), preventing its implementation. In this sense, an approach was designed to stimulate the competences of Computational Thinking together with the discipline of mathematics in the basic education. Such approach had the objective to stimulate students’ capacity to solve problems through the discipline of mathematics, stimulating the essential competences through practical activities using exercises in greater conformity with the Computational Thinking. The proposed approach evidenced factors that may have contributed to improve the capacity to solve problems in the students involved. This was identified through the application of a quasi-experiment where it was possible to identify the impact of the practical activities proposed, regarding the stimulation of the students’ capacity to solve problems.
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Exploring Elementary Science Teachers’ Perceptions for Incorporating Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Lesson PlansAlshammari, Dalal Alasmar 01 December 2021 (has links) (PDF)
The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the patterns of Saudi Arabian elementary female science teachers’ understanding and knowledge of critical thinking, as well as their perceptions towards critical thinking guidelines in the course of their lesson plans. The research questions that guided this study were: 1. How female elementary science teachers perceive the role of critical thinking in science education? 2. How do female science teachers perceive students’ abilities to use critical thinking skills in the classroom? 3. How do female science teachers incorporate and implement critical thinking as an essential objective in lesson planning? This research contains background information about student centered learning and developing critical thinking skills in the classroom. It is becoming increasingly apparent that critical thinking is an important aspect of intellectual development among students. Critical thinking is a crucial skill for students, especially in the STEM fields where problem solving is a large part of the discipline. The sample of this study was three Saudi Arabian elementary female science teachers. I conducted semi-structured interviews and used documents to collect data as well as answer the research questions. The findings revealed that all participants believed of the importance of using critical thinking skills in the classroom. However, the participants had a lack understanding and perception of incorporating students’ critical thinking in their lesson plans.
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17-19 metų paauglių mokymo/si spręsti jiems aktualias problemas Forumo teatre procesas / The process of 17-19-year-old teenagers teaching and their learning how to solve their urgent problems trough Forum TheatreTimko, Tatjana 29 June 2009 (has links)
Paauglių mokymas/is spręsti jiems aktualias problemas, taikant Forumo teatro metodą, Lietuvoje yra netyrinėta mokslinėje literatūroje tema. Tyrimo tikslas - atskleisti, kokios vidinės (psichologinės) ir išorinės (socialinės) problemos jaudina 17-19 metų paauglius, ir kaip, taikant Forumo teatro metodą, susiformuoja gebėjimai jas iškelti ir konstruktyviai išspręsti. Darbe buvo siekiama išanalizuoti mokslinę, metodinę literatūrą, susijusią su Forumo teatro metodo taikymu; nustatyti Forumo teatro veikimo principus; apibūdinti paauglių požiūrį į Forumo teatro taikymo atitikimą jų poreikiams; išaiškinti, kaip, taikant Forumo teatro metodą, vyksta 17-19 metų paauglių gebėjimų spręsti problemas formavimosi procesas; nustatyti paauglių gebėjimus, įgytus mokymo/si spręsti jiems aktualias psichologines ir socialines problemas procese, taikant Forumo teatro metodą.
Siekiant išsamiai ir detaliai išnagrinėti paauglių mokymo/si spręsti jiems aktualias problemas Forumo teatre procesą nuo 2007 m. lapkričio mėnesio iki 2008 m. gruodžio mėnesio 17-19 metų paaugliams buvo organizuoti Forumo teatro užsiėmimai ir atliekamas atvejų tyrimas. Tyrimo metu duomenys buvo renkami stebint atskirų individų ir individų grupių užduočių atlikimą, apklausiant ir fiksuojant (užrašant ir filmuojant) su tyrimo objektu susijusią informaciją. Tyrime dalyvavo 79 paaugliai.
Forumo teatro taikymo procese paaugliai įgijo gebėjimų iškelti ir įvardinti jiems aktualias vidines (psichologines) ir išorines... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The topic of teenagers teaching and their learning how to solve their urgent problems through the method of Forum Theatre has not been investigated in Lithuanian scientific literature. The purpose of the investigation is to reveal what internal (psychological) and external (social) problems are important to 17-19-year-old teenagers and how the skills of revealing and solving these problems are formed using the method of Forum Theatre. This paper aims to analyze scientific, methodological literature connected with the Forum Theatre method application; establish Forum Theatre effect principles; describe the views of teenagers on how Forum Theatre application meets their needs; find out how, using the method of Forum Theatre, the process of building up teenagers skills of solving problems happens; reveal the abilities of the 17-19-year-olds which they developed through the process of learning-teaching how to cope with their psychological and social problems, using the method of Forum Theatre.
Seeking to carry out a detailed investigation of the process of teenagers’ learning-teaching how to solve their urgent problems through Forum Theatre, from November 2007 till December 2008, Forum Theatre lessons were given to 17-19-year-old teenagers, after which the analysis of the cases was performed. During the investigation the data was collected monitoring how separate individuals and groups of individuals perform the tasks, interviewing and fixing (writing down and filming) the... [to full text]
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Základy teorie a praxe manažerských propočtů / The Basics of the Theory and Practice of Managerial CalculationsHašková, Simona January 2009 (has links)
The dissertation focuses on the explanation of the mutual link between science and art in managerial calculations. For this purpose the dissertation explains and comments on the most utilized fragments of both of the components in its theoretical part, to which it refers in the practical part. It deals with the analysis of the managerial styles of thinking during the process of learning, with methodological approaches used in teaching the art to solve problems and discusses the differences of exact and empirical approaches that relate to the differentiation of what the theory claims and the praxes does. The tools stand in for the technical side of managerial calculations that derive from the more general systems of rational conceptions. The practical part goes in for solving the selected case studies, where the link between the science and the art is clearly demonstrated.
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Kooperativní výuka a rozvoj klíčových kompetencí žáků na 1. stupni ZŠ / The co-operative teaching and the development of key competences at 1st grade of a primary school.Šubrtová, Natálie January 2021 (has links)
This thesis deals with co-operative teaching and the development of social, personnel and problem-solving competence at the first stage of primary school. The aim of this thesis is to find out how does the co-operative teaching contribute, as an organisational form, to the development of these key competences. The thesis is divided in theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is based on a set of literature, which is presented at the end of the thesis. This part introduces competentional model according to RVP. It closer defines specific competences and deals with organisational forms of teaching. It describes the role of co- operative teaching in the development of key competencies, social, personnel and problem- solving competencies. In the practical part there is a qualitative-quantitative research implemented, which is divided into three parts. The first part is devoted to a qualitative survey, participatory observation of pupils in the 2nd year of elementary school. It is focused on planning, realisation, description and summarisation of series of co-operative teaching lessons, which evolve social and personal competences as well as competences to solve problems. The second part complements the participatory observation with a quantitative survey. These are questionnaires filled in...
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Varför fick jag bara G? : vad bedöms i karaktärsämnen på HR-programmet?Tsagalidis, Helena January 2003 (has links)
Syftet med undersökningen har varit att tydliggöra kunskapskvaliteter i yrkeskunnandet som har betydelse vid bedömning av karaktärsämnen för både lärare och elever. Undersökningsmetoderna har bestått av intervjuer med lärare och elever, elevenkäter och gymnasieskolans styrdokument. Det övergripande perspektivet har varit kulturhistoriskt med vars hjälp kunskapskvaliteter i yrkeskunnandet relateras till begrepp som yrkeskultur, yrkespraxis och yrkeskunskap. Resultatet kategoriseras till åtta nyckelkvalifikationer och specifika yrkeskunskaper. Nyckelkvalifikationerna som lärarna anger vara viktiga vid bedömning är: självständighet, samarbete, kommunikation, problemlösnings-förmåga,analysförmåga, planeringsförmåga, kundkontakt och utveckling. Huvudresultatet visar att det är dessa nyckelkvalifikationer som ger mervärde för eleven i form av ett högre betyg. Det är framförallt den rådande yrkeskulturen, där självständighet och samarbetsförmåga ingår, som lyfts fram som betydelsefull vid bedömningen. Vidare spelar yrkeskunskapen, där elevens problemlösningsförmåga ingår, en avgörande roll i lärarens bedömning. Elevernas beskrivning av vad de själva tror har betydelse vid bedömning i karaktärsämnen visar att de inte har uppfattat att t.ex. analys- och problemlösningsförmåga är av vikt. Slutsatsen som kan dras är att eleverna och lärarna behöver föra en dialog om grunderna i bedömningen av karaktärsämnen. Bedömning av prestationer i skolan förutsätter en dialog mellan lärare och elever om bedömningsgrunderna. Yrkesspecifika kunskaper, de grundläggande kunskaperna som behövs för ett godkänt betyg, tydliggörs väl av lärarna i studien och beskrivs med hjälp av dess egenskaper i studien.
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