A qualitative, non-experimental, explorative and descriptive research design based on the phenomenological philosophical tradition by Heidegger to broaden hermeneutics was conducted. The study was conducted at Umkhanyakude District to investigate the perspectives of eligible nursing students relating to the provision of spiritual care to patients. A purposive sample of 9 participants was recruited and consent form obtained. An unstructured interview guide, with a grand tour question, was used to conduct face to face individual interviews. The Thematic analysis and interpretative phenomenological method of analysis were employed until three themes, six categories and eleven subcategories emerged from the data. Data analysis revealed that nurses had difficulty to differentiate spiritual care from religious care. Commonly cited methods of providing spiritual care were prayer, reading sacred text and singing spiritual songs. Nurses still felt inadequately prepared educationally on how to provide spiritual care in nursing practice. Most of the participants provided spiritual care out of their own interest and not as part of their professional responsibility. Recommendations proposed that the matter be taken up by nurse managers to conduct related in-service education and mentoring programs and nurse educators to guide curriculum planning which evidently include spiritual care. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

The thesis deals with insuring a humanly dignified care for terminally ill senior people approached as the goal of a social work in a hospital environment. Medical facilities belong to places where senior people most often pass away, and where their dignity is also most endangered. The basis for working out the thesis is describing the man seen as the being whole and at the same time uniuqe, in which one sees man?s dignity. The following part of the thesis is dedicated to a palliative care as a guarrantor of maintaining dignified and quality life till its end. A knowledge of conceiving a terminally ill senior man, his/her needs and values is for a provision of the palliative care necessary. A part of the thesis deals with a specificity of social work in a palliative care, and with professional a personal competencies of a social worker. A provision of a support to those terminally ill and their close ones is in a hospital environment insured only partly. Based on the information collected the thesis is dedicated to outlining a humanly dignified care as the aim of social work. A social worker can participate on the above mentioned by being in a role of an accompanying one and a consultant for those left. A possibility to support a spiritual dimension of the man to which a social worker is in his/her both roles often close is approached in the final part of the thesis.

Cette thèse en théologie pratique s’intéresse à la prise en compte de la dimension spirituelle des personnes en situation d’exclusion, accueillies par les associations protestantes d’action sociale. Le travail a été conduit sous la forme d’une enquête par entretiens, sur le terrain d’intervention d’une trentaine d’associations en France métropolitaine. Il propose un modèle d’accompagnement spirituel aconfessionnel, adapté au champ de l’action sociale, centré sur la personne en précarité, et mené par une équipe d’accompagnants. Cet accompagnement aconfessionnel garde toute sa pertinence au sein d’une association protestante,en tant que vocation de l’Église à être « aux côtés » des personnes en précarité. Il s’écarte de la poïménique traditionnelle, et se distingue de l’aide sociale. Le modèle propose des voies de facilitation pour l’émergence de la spiritualité des personnes en précarité, et aborde la question de la formation des accompagnants spirituels. / This thesis in pratical theology considers the spiritual dimension of socially-excluded personswho benefit from protestant associations engaged in social action. The research isbased on interviews conducted among about thirty associations in metropolitan France. Itproposes a person-centered, non-confessionnal model of spiritual care adapted to the fieldof social action, and led by a team of caregivers. This non-confessionnal support is particularlyrelevant within protestant associations, considering the vocation of the Church tostand ‘alongside’ people in their vulnerability. It departs from traditional pastoral counselingand from social assistance. The model provides ways of facilitating the emergenceof a spirituality among people in situations of social exclusion, and tackles the training ofspiritual caregivers.

Spiritual care in hospitals is a well-established practice in Sweden that is justified by religious freedom. Contemporary Sweden is a multicultural society with a culturally and religiously diverse population. Since 2006, a Muslim spiritual care organization has been established in co-operation with the Swedish state. This interview study with Muslim spiritual caregivers examines how Islam is being interpreted and how Muslim spiritual care in Swedish hospitals is apprehended by the informants. By approaching Islam as a discursive tradition and combining historical and ethnological methods, this study sheds light on what aspects of Islam are considered relevant in the hospital context and it examines why that is the case. The study shows that Muslim spiritual care is regarded to be a complement to other healthcare practices. To a large extent, the care is provided by supportive conversations, Islamic counseling, as well as help with religious practices and rituals. To manage a patient’s various wants and the denominational diversity, the Muslim representatives hold that they put the patient’s and the relatives’ needs and interpretations of Islam first. The study concludes that the representatives are spiritual care professionals that are loyal to the state and the secular institutions they serve. This involves staying true to ideals of cultural and religious pluralism and equality but also knowing that these principles are subordinated to the hospital’s rules. This constructs boundaries regarding how Islam is interpreted and has to be negotiated in the efforts of making Islam a natural part of the institution.

The Czechoslovak Hussite Church can be proud of professor Otto Rutrle's personality, because by his pedagogical and educational approach he helped to realize and revive religious education and catechetical teaching in the Church. In his publications The Road to the Child I. and The Road to the Child II. pays great attention to this activity and he touches on individual topics that are necessary for teaching and education in the Czechoslovak Hussite Church. He does not neglect the importance of a teacher, as a preacher, a guide and a helper on the path to the spiritual knowledge. He emphasizes the personal religion, that lives. He uses examples from the Holy Scripture for a practical spiritual life. His work is a legacy not only for our generation, but also for following generations. In my master's thesis, I have mostly tried to look into the activities of Sunday school, which was closely linked to the life of the Church. There were cultivated both moral and spiritual values needed for life. I have wanted to show by master's thesis, how important were the Christian education and teaching for children and youth. In the first chapter of my work, I have introduced readers to the topicality of topics, which were essential for Otto Rutrle and important for the education and teaching of children and youth. His...

L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’apporter des pistes de réflexion quant aux possibilités de prise en compte de croyances et spiritualités diversifiées en santé mentale. En reléguant la question des problèmes de santé mentale surtout aux psychiatres, entourés d’équipes de professionnels au nombre limité, comme les psychologues et les travailleurs sociaux, le système de santé québécois a créé certaines problématiques organisationnelles dans la structure même du soin. La situation s’est vue aggravée durant les dernières années : les problématiques en santé mentale sont en hausse, tandis que le système manque de personnel et d’endroits pour accueillir les patients. La stigmatisation de la maladie mentale est en partie causée par le manque de considération de l’expérience individuelle ainsi que le déni de la contextualisation du déséquilibre psychologique, c’est pourquoi il est impératif de considérer l’intégration d’approches novatrices et de champs disciplinaires variés pour répondre aux expériences individuelles et croyances uniques de tout un chacun. Cependant, le nouveau projet de loi (projet de loi 15) concernant la restructuration du système de santé ne prévoit pas déléguer le travail de psychiatres à d’autres types de professions. Les ressources alternatives proposent quant à elles une vision plus large de la maladie mentale et des thérapies non hiérarchiques adaptées à leurs usagers. Le mouvement alternatif a pris de l’expansion au Québec durant les années 80 et est toujours à l’avant-plan lorsqu’il est question de revendication des droits de la personne en matière de santé mentale. La spiritualité y est intégrée dans les services de façon transversale, via des activités à caractère énergétiques qui sont reconnues comme médecine douce, telles que la méditation pleine conscience et le yoga. La spiritualité dans les soins en santé mentale est reconnue par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) depuis fort longtemps, et il importe de trouver un vocabulaire adéquat afin de communiquer l’importance d’une vie intérieure riche et d’entretenir l’espoir dans l’adversité. Certains psychiatres tel Jung, Perry, Grof et Grof, ont d’ailleurs développé des méthodes parapsychologiques pour accueillir les personnes qui éprouveraient des difficultés de nature psychique, telles que l’émergence et l’urgence spirituelle. Ces approches demeurent encore méconnues au Québec, mais elles ont néanmoins fait leurs preuves auprès de nombre de communautés à travers le monde. Le mémoire réfléchit à ces questions à partir d’une étude de terrain dans un organisme alternatif, et observe que l’intégration de la dimension spirituelle dans les soins de santé mentale demeure controversée à ce jour. Il dégage certaines pistes et recommande de former adéquatement les professionnels impliqués, afin qu’ils soient en mesure d’offrir des services adaptés aux différentes spiritualités de leurs patients. / The aim of this dissertation is to provide insights on the consideration of diverse beliefs and spirituality in mental health. By relegating the management of mental health problems mainly to psychiatrists, surrounded by teams of professionals, in limited in number, such as psychologists and social workers, the Quebec healthcare system has created certain organizational problems in the very structure of care. The situation has worsened in recent years: mental health problems are on the rise, while the system lacks personnel and places to accommodate patients. The stigmatization of mental illness caused in part by a lack of consideration for individual experience and a denial of the contextualization of psychological imbalance, which is why it is imperative to consider the integration of innovative approaches in varied disciplinary fields to address everyone’s unique individual experiences and beliefs. However, the new bill (Bill 15) regarding the restructuration of the healthcare system does not plan to delegate the work of psychiatrists to other types of professions. Alternative resources, on the other hand, offer a broader vision of mental illness and non-hierarchical therapies adapted to their users. The alternative movement expanded in Quebec in the 1980s and is still at the forefront of human rights advocacy in the field of mental health. Spirituality is integrated into services in a transversal way, through energetic activities that are recognized as alternative medicine, such as mindfulness meditation and yoga. Spirituality in mental health care has long been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), and it is important to find the right vocabulary to communicate the importance of a rich inner life and to sustain hope in the face of adversity. Some psychiatrists, such as Jung, Perry and Grof, have developed parapsychological methods for dealing with people experiencing psychic or spiritual difficulties, such as emergence and spiritual urgency. These approaches are still little-known in Quebec, but they have proven their worth in many communities around the world. The thesis reflects on these issues from a field study in an alternative organization and observes that the integration of the spiritual dimension into mental health care remains controversial to this day. It outlines certain avenues and recommends that the professionals involved be properly trained to offer services adapted to the different experiences and beliefs of their patients.

The human trait of entitlement, although currently very topical, has only recently come under serious scrutiny by behavioural psychologists (Campbell, Bonacci, Shelton, Exline & Bushman 2004:30). This study examines the modifying effects of these psychological elements on the spiritual aspects of disease and healing. Other modifiers are the personal spiritual beliefs or dogmas of the clergy within the paradigm of a particular denomination, and the beliefs and expectations of the adherents. Two Christian denominations were chosen for the study: The Methodist Church of Southern Africa, in particular the home church of the writer, The Bedfordview Methodist Church, and Afmin, an organisation that trains and equips students, mainly African, for Christian ministry. Structured face to face interviews were conducted with pastors and church leaders, interviews with medical professionals were conducted and a wide ranging review of relevant literature undertaken. It was found that while the trait of entitlement was a constant in human nature, there were modifying factors. These included the personal beliefs of pastors and youth leaders, often founded on personal experience instead of denominational dogma. The influence of Pentecostal / Charismatic teaching was very evident. It was also found that the church, in a drive to become increasingly relevant to current norms and social trends, tended to have a rather confused understanding of biblical healing and the role of God in disease and suffering. While the inevitability of death, suffering and disease cannot be denied, the role of the church is complex and controversial. Unrealistic expectations, based on teaching that encourages a sense of entitlement can lead to great challenges regarding faith in both the clergy and adherents. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

The human trait of entitlement, although currently very topical, has only recently come under serious scrutiny by behavioural psychologists (Campbell, Bonacci, Shelton, Exline & Bushman 2004:30). This study examines the modifying effects of these psychological elements on the spiritual aspects of disease and healing. Other modifiers are the personal spiritual beliefs or dogmas of the clergy within the paradigm of a particular denomination, and the beliefs and expectations of the adherents. Two Christian denominations were chosen for the study: The Methodist Church of Southern Africa, in particular the home church of the writer, The Bedfordview Methodist Church, and Afmin, an organisation that trains and equips students, mainly African, for Christian ministry. Structured face to face interviews were conducted with pastors and church leaders, interviews with medical professionals were conducted and a wide ranging review of relevant literature undertaken. It was found that while the trait of entitlement was a constant in human nature, there were modifying factors. These included the personal beliefs of pastors and youth leaders, often founded on personal experience instead of denominational dogma. The influence of Pentecostal / Charismatic teaching was very evident. It was also found that the church, in a drive to become increasingly relevant to current norms and social trends, tended to have a rather confused understanding of biblical healing and the role of God in disease and suffering. While the inevitability of death, suffering and disease cannot be denied, the role of the church is complex and controversial. Unrealistic expectations, based on teaching that encourages a sense of entitlement can lead to great challenges regarding faith in both the clergy and adherents. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

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This diploma work deals with hospice and a quality of care given to the clients of the hospice, that fully covers complex needs, changing during a life limiting illness, taking in account the dignity of the human being to the very last moment of his life. This care is a promise for a man, that he won´t be alone in the burdensome moments of his life. There are a hospice management and various forms of hospice care in Czech Republic described in a theoretical part of the work. This chapter is to be a handbook for providing companionship to the dying person and is to draw our attention not only to the changing priorities of the dying person and to stages, that he is to go through, but to an irreplaceable role of a caregiver at his bed. In a practical part of this work there are investigated the attitudes of the caregivers in hospice and public to the process of dying of the human being. The founded results of the research show, that people finding themselves in a final stage of the life-limiting illness change their priorities; the spiritual needs become more important, especially to attain a peace with self, with other people; clients trusting in God long for consilience with God; the results of the research show however, that most public is not familiar enough with the problem of dying and death, and that there is generally low knowledge on how to provide companionship to the dying person.