This study aims to place the statute of limitation legal definition in the general context of labor law analyzing its compatibility with fundamental precepts of that specific legislation area: identifying also features, boundaries and deadlines adopted by Ibero-American countries, mainly members of the southern cone. / El presente trabajo busca situar la figura jurídica de la prescripción en el contexto general del derecho laboral, en orden a investigar su compatibilidad con los preceptos fundamentales de esa rama específica de la legislación, identificando, además, las características, limitaciones y plazos adoptados a ese respecto por los países iberoamericanos, en especial aquellos integrantes del Cono Sur.

O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) criado em 1990, ampliou a atuação do estado brasileiro na implementação das políticas públicas aos adolescentes. Há muitas instituições que visam atender esta população, entretanto, o sinergismo delas é pouco conhecido. Este estudo tem por objeto o projeto político de atenção aos adolescentes no nivel municipal e visa subsidiar a sua renovação. A partir do ECA, houve a ampliação da compreensaõ deste grupo social. Os objetivos são: conhecer os programas de atendimento aos adolescentes, verificar como se apresentam configurados e delinear as possibilidades e limites de execução de um planejamento da atenção aos adolescentes. A metodologia utilizada é quali-quantitativa, na perspectiva do materialismo histórico e dialético. Os dados empíricos foram coletados junto aos programas existentes no município, através de entrevistas e documentos. Vinte e sete programas institucionais foram identificados cadastrados de forma oficial no Conselho ou nas secretarias municipais, dezenove instituições participaram do estudo, representando quarenta e sete projetos. Os resultados mostraram que os programas são diferentes entre si em termos de tamanho, motivação do projeto, orientação laica ou religiosa, qualificação e quantidade dos trabalhadores e público alvo, porém possuem em semelhança o viés assistencialista. Enquanto a maioria delas está centrada em complementação escolar e ensino profissionalizante, outras atendem exclusivamente os adolescentes autores de atos infracionais. Embora presente numericamente, as instituições de atenção ao adolescente não se encontram ainda orquestradas em prol da consecução do ECA. / In Brazil since the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA) was established in 1990, the state has been allowed to amplify public policies toward such social group. We assumed Oliveira’s point of view that adolescence is a social phenomenon. Adolescents can show in terms of quality of life and health-disease distinct profile according to their social group or family origins. Since ECA many institutions have created to attend adolescents. The objective of this study was to comprehend how these institutions have been organized in the City of São Carlos, setting northeast of São Paulo State, Brazil. The methodology was descriptive and the data was collected by interviews with the directors of the institutions and their proposals and reports. Twenty institutions have been studied. They have showed differences in terms of objectives, age of the target public, religious orientation, type and amount of workers. While most institutions have focused on leisure activities and professional education, some of them only assist adolescents who have committed any kind of illegal action, Although there are many different projects to assist adolescents, it seems that their actions still are not integrated towards the implementation of the Child and Adolescent Statute.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T15:35:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniel Albuquerque de Abreu - 2016.pdf: 4625819 bytes, checksum: 211f896264440a1796117dad4b1bd63e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-09-26T15:36:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniel Albuquerque de Abreu - 2016.pdf: 4625819 bytes, checksum: 211f896264440a1796117dad4b1bd63e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T15:36:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniel Albuquerque de Abreu - 2016.pdf: 4625819 bytes, checksum: 211f896264440a1796117dad4b1bd63e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis aims to verify, by means of an interdisciplinary approach, if the concept of familial entity suggested by the Family Statute (Brazilian Law Project 6,583/2013) maintains compatibility with the Brazilian democracy and with the constitutional and international principles of Human Rights. In order to accomplish this work, it was necessary to evidence the text of the Law Project and its two Opinions, and also to examine in detail the arguments that have been used by the Federal Representatives when voting on the second Opinion at the Special Commission of the House of Representatives. This study was developed through investigations on the semantic construction of familial entity in Brazil, and through a historical and social about which we elected as significant four marks: 1) the religious actions of the Constituent Representatives in 1987-1988 which, ultimately, contributed to the final wording of the Brazilian Federal Constitution’s article 226; 2) the interpretation of the Brazilian legal order through the neo-constitutionalist lenses; 3) the position of supra-legality that the international treaties of Human Rights occupy in the post-1988 Brazilian legal order, according to the positioning of most of the Brazilian Supreme Court members; and 4) the arguments that have been used by the Brazilian Supreme Court members when voting on the equalization of the homo-affective and hetero-affective unions (ADPF 132-RJ and ADI 4.277-DF), in addition to the Resolution 175/2013 edited by the Brazilian National Council of Justice, which facilitates the conversion of homo-affective unions into marriages. Also, the interdisciplinary trajectory was proven fundamental to the reflections on the plurality of constructive and interpretative possibilities of familial entity identified by the contemporary literature. Moreover, this thesis dealt with the characterization of the Brazilian democracy based on the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 as its normative mark, and also on conceptions of democracy by both Norberto Bobbio’s procedural democracy (the rules of the democratic game) and Luís Roberto Barroso’s substantive democracy as theory guidelines for the work. Furthermore, the constitutional and international principiology of Human Rights received a special focus on this thesis, since, in addition to their supra-legal status, they are also essential instruments to the fulfillment of the conventionality control – a system of vertical compatibility according to which all the infra-constitutional legislation to be produced by Brazil must be necessarily and previously submitted to an analysis of compatibility with the Brazilian Constitution and the Human Rights treaties, in order not to suffer from unconstitutionality or inefficiency, respectively. Finally, this research endeavors the analysis of the semantic of family in Brazil based on the consideration of three central arguments that permeate the discourse of the Federal Representatives and the Supreme Court Ministries, concerning the discussion of and confrontations between the Family State, the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, Human Rights and democracy, which are: the family as a naturalized institution; the primacy of the world view conferred by the evangelical Christians over all the others; and the understanding that democracy cannot be fulfilled by the merely satisfaction of the “will of the majority”. / O objetivo desta dissertação é verificar, por meio de uma abordagem interdisciplinar, se o conceito de entidade familiar proposto pelo Estatuto da Família (Projeto de Lei no 6.583/2013) é compatível com a democracia brasileira e com os princípios constitucionais e internacionais de Diretos Humanos. Para a realização deste trabalho foi necessário evidenciar e pormenorizar o texto do Projeto de Lei, seus dois Pareceres e os argumentos utilizados pelos Deputados Federais quando da votação do segundo Parecer pela Comissão Especial da Câmara dos Deputados. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de averiguações acerca da construção semântica da entidade familiar no Brasil, em um percurso histórico-social a respeito do qual elegemos como significativos quatro marcos, quais sejam: 1) a atuação religiosa do Constituinte de 1987-1988, a qual, em última instância, contribuiu para a redação final do artigo 226 da Constituição Federal de 1988; 2) a interpretação do ordenamento jurídico sob a ótica neoconstitucionalista; 3) a posição de supralegalidade que os tratados internacionais de Direitos Humanos passaram a ocupar no ordenamento jurídico pós-1988, de acordo com o posicionamento majoritário do Supremo Tribunal Federal; e 4) os argumentos prolatados pelos Ministros do Supremo em seus votos quando da decisão acerca da equiparação das uniões homoafetivas às heteroafetivas (ADPF nº 132-RJ e ADI nº 4.277-DF), somados à Resolução nº 175/2013, editada pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, que facilitou a conversão das uniões homoafetivas em casamento. Demonstrou-se fundamental também manter um percurso interdisciplinar para refletir acerca da pluralidade de possibilidades construtivas e interpretativas do conceito de entidade familiar identificadas na literatura contemporânea. Esta dissertação ocupou-se ainda da caracterização da democracia brasileira, tendo como marco normativo a Constituição da República Federativa Brasileira de 1988, e adotou como diretrizes teóricas tanto a concepção procedimental de democracia segundo Norberto Bobbio, consubstanciada nas regras do jogo democrático, como a vertente substancial neoconstitucional defendida por Luís Roberto Barroso. Outro importante enfoque foi dado à principiologia constitucional e internacional de Direitos Humanos, a qual, para além da supralegalidade, revelou-se importante para a realização do controle de convencionalidade – sistema de compatibilidade vertical segundo o qual todas as normas infraconstitucionais a serem produzidas no país devem, necessariamente, passar por uma análise de compatibilidade tanto com a Constituição, como pelos tratados de Direitos Humanos, sob pena de padecer de inconstitucionalidade ou de ineficácia, respectivamente. Por fim, na pesquisa analisou-se a semântica da família no Brasil a partir da ponderação de três argumentos centrais que permeiam o discurso dos Deputados Federais e dos Ministros do STF, no que diz respeito às discussões e confrontos entre o Estatuto da Família, a Constituição, os Direitos Humanos e democracia, quais sejam: a família enquanto instituição naturalizada; a primazia da visão de mundo conferida por cristãos evangélicos em detrimento das demais; e o entendimento de que a democracia se realiza apenas com a satisfação da “vontade da maioria”.

A pesquisa aborda processos de intervenção urbana desenvolvidos a partir da consolidação da Arquitetura e Urbanismo Modernos aos dias atuais, buscando identificar, por meio da análise de experiências realizadas em diferentes cidades, as transformações da atuação do homem sobre o meio, frente a diferentes contextos, possibilidades e reações, com o reconhecimento de métodos e estratégias legítimos para a indução de processos de desenvolvimento visando ao combate da segregação sócio-espacial na cidade contemporânea. O Bairro da Luz, em São Paulo, é adotado como objeto de estudo não apenas por sua riqueza cultural e importância para a capital paulista, mas, especialmente, em virtude da política urbana municipal vigente, que prevê a radical transformação de grande parte daquele tecido urbano, de seu uso e ocupação. A análise das experiências selecionadas, da história, estado atual e propostas para o bairro e dos instrumentos jurídicos disponíveis forma o arcabouço para a proposição de uma política urbana baseada na gestão democrática e no processo de transformação gradual e responsável da paisagem cultural da cidade, estabelecendo princípios, diretrizes e medidas de intervenção, traduzidas em um projeto conceitual de desenho urbano. / This essay analyses urban intervention processes developed from the consolidation of Modern Architecture and Urbanism until the present, in order to identify, through the analysis of different cities\' experiences, the transformation of Man\'s action on the environment, under varied contexts, possibilities and reactions, along with the recognition of legitimate methods and strategies to the triggering of development processes aimed at combating the socio-spatial segregation in contemporary cities. The Luz District in São Paulo has been chosen as research subject not only due to its cultural richness, diversity and its importance to the metropolis, but also due to the present municipal urban policy, which foresees the radical substitution of that urban fabric, its activities and land occupation. The analysis of the selected cases, of the history, current state of conservation and the proposals for the area, as well as the relevant legislation, forms the outline to the proposition of an urban policy based on democratic governance and the gradual and responsible improvement of the city\'s cultural landscape, by establishing principles, guidelines and intervention measures, translated into a conceptual urban design project.

LL.M. (International Law) / The coming into force of the Rome Statute of the ICC (International Criminal Court) created a shift in state attitude in respect of the implementation and enforcement of International Law. In particular, several issues arise concerning the role to be played by states in the context of complementarity between the ICC and national courts. The ICC has jurisdiction over crimes of the most concern to the international community and its power is limited by, amongst others, the complementarity principle as well as the jurisdiction and functioning of national courts. States parties agreed to establish a permanent court which would put an end to impunity and prevent acts of core international crimes, as well as ensure effective prosecution of international crimes. Under the Rome Statute, states parties are obliged to develop measures at the national level in order to enhance international cooperation with the ICC. The complementarity principle encompasses, amongst others, the duty of every State to exercise criminal jurisdiction over international crimes, to enhance the capacity of national jurisdiction and to implement an appropriate national legal system which provides the same level of guarantee in investigating and prosecuting international crimes as the ICC. Both the ICC and national courts have jurisdiction over core crimes and this concurrent jurisdiction causes conflict between both institutions. The complementarity principle is based on the basis that states should maintain primary responsibility to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. However,these conflicts do not arise with Ad Hoc tribunals, whose Statutes emphasise the supremacy of the international criminal tribunals over national courts. The complementarity principle is based on the basis that states should maintain primary responsibility to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The complementarity principle provides that prosecutions of crimes stipulated under the Rome Statute are primarily the task of states and the ICC is the court of last resort.6 This primary competence of national courts and the boundary between the two jurisdictions is given expression in article 17 of the Rome Statute. Prosecutions of core crimes before the ICC are only admissible if, and under condition that, an effective prosecution at the national level is threatened by legal, political and factual obstacles.

Cette thèse étudie la question des incitations dynamiques des agents économiques à frauder. Le premier chapitre introduit un modèle dynamique de fraude fiscale afin d’étudier l’impact de l’audit rétroactif sur le respect des obligations fiscales des agents économiques.Il permet de montrer qu’un accroissement de la période de prescription entraîne une diminution de la fraude fiscale et de déterminer le montant des recettes fiscales attendues par l’autorité fiscale pour différentes politiques d’audit. On établit que les audits rétroactifs génèrent des recettes fiscales espérées supérieures à celles des audits statiques. Le deuxième chapitre propose une approche théorique et expérimentale des incitations dynamiques des agents économiques à frauder. Les résultats expérimentaux confirment les prédictions théoriques : un accroissement de la période de prescription implique une augmentation des déclarations de revenus des agents. Le dernier chapitre introduit une deuxième étude expérimentale en laboratoire, dans le but de comparer l’efficience des deux politiques d’audit fiscal : l’audit rétroactif et l’audit statique (restreint à la période courante). Le principal résultat suggère que les politiques d’audit rétroactif sont plus efficaces pour réduire la fraude fiscale que les politiques d’audit statique fondées sur des fréquences d’audit élevées. / This thesis studies taxpayers' dynamic incentives to evade taxes. The first chapter introduces a dynamic model of tax evasion. We prove that higher limitation periods increase tax compliance. We also determine the expected tax revenues generated by retroactive and static auditing policies, with respect to the levels of tax rates and expected discounted penalties. We obtain that retroactive auditing generates higher expected tax revenues than static auditing. The second chapter provides theoretical and experimental evidence about subjects' incentives to evade taxes, with respect to a retroactive inspection policy. Our experimental results confirm theoretical predictions, i.e. higher limitation periods increase agents' compliance. The third chapter introduces a second laboratory experiment, in order to compare the efficiency of two main audit schemes: retroactive versus static auditing. We find that retroactive auditing policies are more efficient in enhancing tax compliance, than policies of static auditing accompanied by high audit rates.

Magister Legum - LLM / The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant is a jihadist militant group. The members of this militant group have committed criminal acts of unspeakable cruelty. These staggering criminal conducts are documented by the United Nations, international human rights organisations, and media. Besides, the group itself gives first-hand information through social media and its magazine. Having witnessed the atrocities committed by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, the United Nations Security Council affirmed that the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant’s conduct in Syria and Iraq is a threat to international peace and security. Therefore, the media and various role players have called for the intervention of International Criminal Court. This research paper analyses whether the International Criminal Court is a viable prosecutorial option to account the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members for their crimes. For the Court to be a viable prosecutorial avenue, it must have a jurisdiction. Accordingly, this research paper critically examines whether the International Criminal Court has subject matter, personal and/or territorial jurisdictions to try the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant perpetrators. The study concludes that although the criminal conducts by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members constitute crimes under the Rome Statute, the Court, however, has limited jurisdictional reach over the perpetrators. It is submitted that with a limited and fragmented territorial and personal jurisdictional reach over the perpetrators, the Court is not a viable prosecutorial avenue. / German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).

Over the last three decades, Oman has emerged as a center of political and economic stability in the Arab world, a stability which is an essential ingredient for any country to develop and flourish. Whereas democracy and public freedoms are at the core of stability in other parts of the world, the case in Oman is different. It is not a democratic state and it did not adopt the modern concepts of human rights and public freedoms into its legal-political system until 1996 when the Basic Statute of the State was promulgated. The purpose of this study is to provide a general view of the current status of Human Rights under the Omani Basic Statute of the State with a specific focus on some civil and political rights. It illustrates the situation of human rights by assessing the implementation of the constitutional and legal safeguards into practice and finding out what hinders them. It aims to evaluate the importance of the constitution in Oman, and the extent to which it has succeeded in incorporating international human rights’ standards while walking the tightrope of reconciling this with core traditional social customs and Islamic values. It analyses the compatibility of constitutional and national laws and practice with international human rights standards and assesses current trends and policies. Three case studies for different rights and freedoms are conducted to explore the guarantees and weaknesses of different rights in practice. These are the areas of nationality 'as individual right' which is very important under the Oman system as it is the direct link to enjoyment of other rights and freedoms. The Shura is the second case study as a political right or a collective right which represents public participation in Oman. Finally, the Freedom of Association, as an example for the freedom of expression and opinion, which represents individual and group rights together. This research evaluation analyses in detail the developments since the promulgation of the Basic Statute in December 1996 but stretches to encompass developments till the developments to the end of July 2011.

This master thesis deals with the autonomous community of the Basque Country, its economic situation, its economic development and future perspectives. At first the thesis focuses on Spain and its basic characteristics with emphasis on administrative division of the country. The second part deals specifically with the Basque Country and its political and historical development especially in the 20th century. Next chapter concerns current economic situation, its development, economic sectors and international trade which is crucial for its economy. The last part analyses the economic relations between the Basque Country and the Czech Republic.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 2674662 bytes, checksum: b4823aeeb9c2b5f0441f70767ff0bc8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / This dissertation is the result of research developed at the Masters in Education Program, Line of research 2 - Training and Teaching Practice of Professional Teaching, from University of Oeste Paulista. This present study has got as aim to examine, in the school environment, the comprehension of the teachers and elementary school students about citizenship and the Statute of Children and Adolescent. A qualitative methodology was used, the subjects of the research were four teachers and six students from 8th grade, all teenagers, aged between 14 and 15 years old. For data collection we relied on the conversation - both with teachers and with students - and the written production of the students from themes related to citizenship. For analysis, data were grouped into three segments: the perception of school environment; conception of the subjects about citizenship concept, knowledge that subjects reveal to have about the ECA. The results indicated that the analyzed school has got actions of integration among students, teachers and community. The subjects relate to the concept of citizenship rights and duties, and especially the solidarity actions. The Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA) is partially known, its content is often misunderstood and not very popularized due to the formal language and legal structure. The dissemination and study of the statute were indicated by the subjects as important instrument for building the citizenship. / Esta dissertação é resultado de pesquisa desenvolvida no Programa de Mestrado em Educação, Linha de pesquisa 2 Formação e Prática Pedagógica do Profissional Docente, da Universidade do Oeste Paulista. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar, no ambiente escolar, a compreensão de professores e alunos do Ensino Fundamental sobre Cidadania e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. Utilizou-se metodologia de natureza qualitativa, foram sujeitos da pesquisa quatro professores e seis alunos de 8ª série, todos adolescentes, com idades entre 14 e 15 anos. Para a coleta de dados recorremos à conversação - tanto com os professores quanto com os alunos e à produção escrita dos alunos a partir de temas relacionados à cidadania. Para a análise os dados foram agrupados em três segmentos: percepção do ambiente escolar; concepção dos sujeitos do conceito de cidadania; conhecimento que os sujeitos revelam ter sobre o ECA. Os resultados indicaram que a escola analisada possui ações de integração entre alunos, professores e comunidade. Os sujeitos relacionam o conceito de Cidadania a direitos e deveres, e principalmente a ações solidárias. O Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) é parcialmente conhecido, seu conteúdo é muitas vezes mal interpretado e pouco popularizado devido à linguagem formal e a estrutura jurídica. A divulgação e estudo do estatuto foram apontados pelos sujeitos como importante instrumento para construção da cidadania.