Bakgrund: Depression är en vanlig sjukdom i världen, och äldre människor är särskilt utsatta. Den förväntas vara den näst vanligast funktionsnedsättning i världen efter hjärtsjukdom inom ett par årtionden. På grund av atypiska symtom är den inte alltid identifierad och därför underdiagnostiserad och underbehandlad, särskilt hos äldre. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva äldres upplevelse av att leva med depression Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie som sammanfattar och analyserar resultatet av tretton kvalitativa studier. Huvudresultat: Identifierade teman var Känslolivets påverkan, Upplevelse avskamkänsla och stigmatisering, Syn på behandling och återhämtning, Samhörighet ochmeningsfullhet och Familjens roll i återhämtning.Flera studier visade på att de äldre inte förstod hur sjukdomen påverkade deras känsloroch tankar. De medgav att fördomar om sjukdomen var utbredd inom åldersgruppen ochbekände att deras egna tidigare obekantskap med depression hade lett till en saknadförståelse. De menade att det var en ledande faktor till att stigmatisering av sjukdomentillsammans med en rädsla för att associeras med galenskap. Att kunna dela erfarenhetermed vänner och familj ansågs viktigt för att bekämpa upplevelsen av ensamhet somvanligtvis är sammankopplad med depression. Slutsats: Denna litteraturstudie visade att upplevelsen av stigmatisering och känslor avensamhet var central i den äldres upplevelse av depression. För att förbättrabehandlingen och lindra upplevelsen var det av vikt att skingra fördomar ochförutfattade meningar om sjukdomen samt att inkludera familjen när relationen var godoch berikande. / Background: Depression is a common disorder in the world, especially elderly are particularly exposed. It is expected to become the second most common disability after heart disease within a couple of decades. Because of atypical symptoms it is not always identified and thus underdiagnosed and undertreated, particularly in the elderly community. Aim: The aim of this litterature-review was to describe the experiences of depressionthe elderly. Method: A descriptive litterature-review compiling and analyzing the results of thirteenqualitative studies. Main Result: Themes identified were Impact on emotional life, Experience of shameand stigmatization, Views on treatment and recovery, Togetherness and meaningfulnessand The family’s role in recovery. Several studies have shown that the elderly did not understand the impact of thedisorder on their thoughts and feelings. They recognized that misconceptions about thedisorder were widespread within their age group and acknowledged that their ownprevious unfamiliarity with depression lead to a lack of understanding. They sourced this to be a leading factor in the stigmatization of the disorder alongside with a fear ofbeing associated with lunacy. To be able to share experiences with friends and familywere key to combat feelings of loneliness commonly associated with depression. Conclusion: The litterature-review revealed that the experience of stigmatization and feelings of loneliness were central to the elderly’s experience of depression. To improve treatment and ease the experience, it was useful to dispel false beliefs and misconceptions about the disorder and to include family when family-relations were deemed good and nurturing.

This work focuses on ethnographical research carried out in "Dům světla" (House of Light), which is an asylum house for HIV positive people. The aim of this work was to find out whether the employees and volunteers of this asylum house are affected by the stigmatization which is connected to AIDS disease and how they, in case of need, cope with it. Contemporary, concepts of "risk" groups and "risk" behaviour, shame, fear or "difference" are connected to this topic. That is why another aim of this thesis was to find out how volunteers perceive their work in Dům světla, what meanings it has to them and how they interpret this activity. For answering these questions I made a two-year lasting participative observation as volunteer there and carried out informal and in-depth interviews. In context of this thesis I also focused on shorter analysis of preventive materials published by The Czech AIDS Help Society to learn the concepts used by the organization itself.

The diploma thesis "Social acceptability of smoking and unintended consequences of tobacco control in the Czech Republic" offers an understanding of the question whether the smokers in the Czech Republic are stigmatized in connection with denormalization strategies, whether and how public policies contribute to them and what their unintended negative consequences on the health of citizens in various forms. Research from a semi-structured in- depth interview with smokers revealed that they perceive that smoking is neither normal nor modern. While there was no stigmatization among respondents, as demonstrated abroad, some elements suggesting stigmatization were present. Some smokers feel that they are negatively perceived by the neighborhood, as manifested by their relatives, as well as negative verbal and nonverbal expressions from the wider environment. The negative consequences of stigmatization in respondents to this research, unlike foreign experiences, did not show up in the social and health spheres and did not imply a significant change in cigarette consumption of a given smoker. The influence of public policies on stigmatization of smokers has also not significantly materialized in this research.

Background: Since Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first identified, it has been associated with stigmatization in society. Receiving an HIV diagnosis has been perceived as challenging for both the individual and their relatives. Therefore, support from healthcare professionals is essential to promote health and alleviate suffering. Nurses are currently the largest professional group that encounters people living with HIV, as they work closest to the patient.  Aim: To highlight how people living with HIV experience the treatment by healthcare professionals in the healthcare system. Method: A qualitative literature review where 11 articles were included and analyzed using a manifest thematic analysis approach by Braun and Clarke (2006). Results: Two themes and four sub-themes were identified. The first theme was Stigma and discrimination against patients, with sub-themes being Patients' experiences of healthcare professionals' negative attitudes and the Staff's reluctance to care for patients. The second identified theme was Patients' experiences of healthcare professionals' incompetence and competence, with sub-themes being Inadequate knowledge and information provided to patients and Positive experiences of healthcare professionals' treatment. Conclusions: People living with HIV are subjected to violations and stigmatization within healthcare related to healthcare professionals' lack of knowledge. Further research is needed on how healthcare professionals' education can improve healthcare and how patients experience nurses' treatment within healthcare.

No description available.

Research has shown that Utah English is a distinct variety of English, particularly as spoken in the Wasatch front region (Lillie 1998). It is characterized by particular linguistic features, including tense/lax vowel mergers before tautosyllabic /l/ (Di Paolo and Farber 1990) and the oral release of glottal stops in certain environments (Eddington and Savage 2012). The features of this variety have been studied; however, not much research has been done about the positive or negative attitudes people hold toward it. Casual observation indicates that Utahans themselves may judge speakers of this variety more harshly than do people from other regions. The present study was conducted to determine if this is true, and to determine what other factors have an influence on a person's perception of Utah English. A language attitude study was performed using the matched-guise method. Participants were asked to react to recorded speakers, judging how intelligent and friendly they sounded. When multiple Utah English features were combined in a passage, the majority of participants judged the speaker to be unintelligent and unfriendly; also, participants' judgments of the speakers' intelligence deviated significantly based on the participants' location of origin, with significant interactions between location of origin and age group. When Utah English features were looked at separately, participants' judgments of both the speakers' intelligence and the speakers' friendliness deviated significantly based on which feature was being heard and the gender of the participant, with interactions between feature and gender, feature and age group, and feature and location of origin. Overall, Utahan participants judged speech with Utah English features to be worse than did participants from other locations.

The purpose of the survey was to see what methods teachers use to include the physically disabled students in leisure education and the used methods meet the goals and requirements under the UNCRC, the Salamanca Statement and national law formulate.The study had two main questions: How do teachers describe their methods of including the physically disabled students at leisure centers? Does the leisure education meet the requirements of the UNCRC, the Salamanca Statement and national law? Followed by two sub-questions: What is the economic conditions of the leisure centers? In what extent are the leisure centers accessible for the physical disabled students? To answer the purpose and issues qualitative group interviews with 2-3 teachers at three separate leisure centers in a minor, and major municipality in Skåne was conducted. The survey shows that there is a commitment and an ongoing effort to include students with physical disabilities in activities. The survey also shows that there is a risk that these students are stigmatized and restricted in personal development. In order to achieve the goals contained in the declarations and national legislation governing the integration and inclusion of physically disabled students, the survey shows that more extensive changes are required in the way the school organization meets these students' needs at the leisure centers.

Background: Research shows that stigmatizing attitudes towards persons with mental illness are sometimes harbored by the public and by health care personnel, and that this can sometimes lead to persons with mental illness being treated by others in stigmatizing ways. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of persons with mental illness of stigmatization. Method: A literature review of descriptive design. The result is based on 12 scientific articles with qualitative approaches. Main Result: Persons with mental illness often experience stigmatizing attitudes in relation to health care personnel. Persons with mental illnesses often experience that mental illnesses are not considered to be as serious as somatic illnesses. Persons with mental illness make use of various strategies in order to handle stigmatization. Conclusion: Because of the stigmatization they experience and the strategies they employ to handle stigmatization, persons with mental illness risk being alienated from society. The relations between persons’ with mental illness and health care organizations risk being damaged through the stigmatizing attitudes they experience in relations with health care organizations. The experiences of persons with mental illnesses of health care personnels’ attitudes towards them could be improved by nurses treating them in a professional and emphatic manner. / Bakgrund: Forskning visar att allmänheten och sjukvårdspersonal kan hysa stigmatiserande attityder gentemot personer med psykisk ohälsa och att detta kan leda till att personer med psykisk ohälsa bemöts på stigmatiserande vis. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva personer med psykisk ohälsas erfarenheter av stigmatisering. Metod: En litteraturstudie av deskriptiv design. Resultatet baseras på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Artiklarna söktes i databasen Pubmed. Huvudresultat: Personer med psykisk ohälsa upplever ofta att de i möten med sjukvården bemöts på stigmatiserande vis. Personer med psykisk ohälsa upplever att psykisk ohälsa ej tas på lika stort allvar som somatisk ohälsa. Olika strategier används av personer med psykisk ohälsa för att hantera stigmatisering. Slutsats: Personer med psykisk ohälsa riskerar att hamna i ett utanförskap på grund av den stigmatisering de upplever och strategierna de använder för att hantera stigmatisering. Det stigmatiserande bemötande personerna kan uppleva i kontakterna med sjukvården riskerar att skada relationen mellan dem själva och sjukvården. Personers med psykisk ohälsas upplevelse av bemötande inom sjukvården skulle kunna förbättras genom att sjuksköterskan behandlar dem på ett professionellt och empatiskt sätt.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2007. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-133).

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of self-stigmatization of peer consultants and their position in the work team. The aim of this work is to examine the degree of self-stigmatization in peer consultants, how they experience and overcome it. And gather knowledges haw to support the current education and position of peer consultants in the work environment. The work is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part describes the stigmatization, peer consultation and the recovery process. The empirical part consists of two consecutive research studies. The first examines the degree of self-stigmatization of peer consultants on comparison with the general population of the mentally ill in the Czech Republic. And the second examines whether and how peer consultants experience self-stigmatization, how they work with it, and what role their surroundings, especially relationships and employment, play in their view. It also examines the current working environment conditions of peer workers. Mainly in the field of competencies, job description and education. Research shows that the level of self-stigmatization measured by the ISMI scale is significantly lower for peer consultants than for mentally ill people who do not work as peer workers. Interviews and their analysis showed that...