The relationship between mass-transit and the concentration of burglary and robbery crimes is inconsistent within the available literature in environmental criminology. A number of studies have provided evidence of crime concentration at and near mass transit locations where paths intersect, referred to as a node. These empirical studies bring in environmental criminology theory with the idea that crime is clustered, and the pattern of the concentrations is substantially influenced by how and why people travel and move in a city. It is suggested that public transit allows for a large proportion of the population to move around the community along a restricted number of destinations and paths; therefore, this concentration of population frames opportunities, and increases overall concentrations of crime. Establishments and environments surrounding transit nodes may act as crime generators or attractors, as a high influx of people are drawn to the area via nearby transit services. More recent literature has identified contrasting results, finding that crime does not concentrate near mass transit areas. In some cases, transit facilities appear to act as protective nodes, with lower counts of crime occurring in and around these locales. Given the conflicting results of existing research about crime at and near transit nodes, this study advances work in environmental criminology by analyzing the concentration of burglary and robbery events in Portland, Oregon. Recognizing that crime concentrations may vary depending on the level of analysis, this study explores crime concentrations at multiple levels of analysis. At the macro-level, this study examines burglaries and robberies across Portland as a whole to determine whether these events concentrate around mass transit nodes, when compared to other areas of the city. The meso-level examines within the broad category of mass transit, to explore whether burglary and robbery events cluster differently around different types of mass transit. Finally, the micro scale investigates the five highest-crime transit nodes to explore how burglary and robbery events concentrate in close proximity to these important locations. This study finds that while crime concentrates at higher levels surrounding mass transit nodes within Portland, the patterns of this concentration changes as the spatial level of analysis changes.

This study aims to analyze the causes and consequences of sudden stops in international capital flows with special reference to the recent Turkish experience. We aim to investigate also the vulnerability of the Turkish economy to a sudden stop and compute the required change in the real exchange rates for a current account adjustment in the face of a sudden stop. The assessment of the economic and structural indicators, which are assumed to be related with the resilience of the economy against sudden stops, such as openness and dollarization, refers that the risk of experiencing a sudden stop has increased in Turkey in the last two years, despite a decrease in its exposure to the destructive effects of such shocks thanks to the structural improvements in the economy. Our empirical results based on a small open economy model with tradables and non-tradables suggest that a sudden stop that requires the closing of the current account imbalance in Turkey would necessitate a real depreciation of around 36 percent as of May 2008 under the assumption that international reserves were not used in order to mitigate the level and the effects of the adjustment. Although the effects of such a real depreciation may be milder due to the decreased currency mismatches in the public and banking sector, there is still the risk of experiencing a financial crisis following a sudden stop because of the high liability dollarization in the real sector.

This dissertation is an experiment in thinking with the story, not about the story in order to erase the boundaries between analysis and narrative. CASA, Community Action Stops Abuse, is the context for this research on the lived realities and meaning of working with an empowerment philosophy. A University-Community Initiative (UCI) grant with CASA and the University of South Florida is the occasion to study the communicative aspects of individual and collective perceptions of empowerment. The dissertation focuses broadly on two UCI project goals: developing a collaborative relationship and producing a booklet of stories about the work of paid staff and volunteers. The heart of the dissertation is my relationship with the CASA workers and how scholarship and advocacy intersect with a philosophy of reciprocal and compassionate empowerment.

published_or_final_version / Transport Policy and Planning / Master / Master of Arts in Transport Policy and Planning

O presente estudo verificou em que medida a palatalização das oclusivas alveolares se aplica e quais são seus condicionamentos lingüísticos e sociais na comunidade de Forqueta, Caxias do Sul (RS). A análise de regra variável de dados de 16 entrevistas sociolingüísticas de informantes de 4 capelas de Forqueta revelou uma freqüência total de palatalização de 28%, sendo os jovens moradores da capela de São Roque os condicionadores da regra, bem como vogal não-derivada, consoante-alvo (da regra) surda em sílaba pretônica, consoantes labial e lábiodental e vogal seguintes, e vogal central precedente. Através de análise qualitativa, interpretou-se o papel favorecedor da capela de São Roque como resultado da tendência da localidade de abrir-se a inovações sociais e econômicas. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-21T16:42:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cristina Mauri.pdf: 7468312 bytes, checksum: 369cd5e7c51006672802fd6ca8f36c02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-21T16:42:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Cristina Mauri.pdf: 7468312 bytes, checksum: 369cd5e7c51006672802fd6ca8f36c02 (MD5) / The present study verified the social and linguistic conditioning of the palatalization of dental stops in Forqueta, Caxias do Sul (RS). The total frequency of rule application is 28%. The process is favored by young people, inhabitants of one of its suburbs, São Roque, underlying high vowel, voiceless target consonant, pretonic syllable, following labial and labiodental consonants and vowel, and preceding central vowel. The favoring role of São Roque was interpreted as a tendency of the suburb to innovate its social and economic practices.

O presente estudo verificou em que medida a palatalização das oclusivas alveolares se aplica e quais são seus condicionamentos lingüísticos e sociais na comunidade de Forqueta, Caxias do Sul (RS). A análise de regra variável de dados de 16 entrevistas sociolingüísticas de informantes de 4 capelas de Forqueta revelou uma freqüência total de palatalização de 28%, sendo os jovens moradores da capela de São Roque os condicionadores da regra, bem como vogal não-derivada, consoante-alvo (da regra) surda em sílaba pretônica, consoantes labial e lábiodental e vogal seguintes, e vogal central precedente. Através de análise qualitativa, interpretou-se o papel favorecedor da capela de São Roque como resultado da tendência da localidade de abrir-se a inovações sociais e econômicas. / The present study verified the social and linguistic conditioning of the palatalization of dental stops in Forqueta, Caxias do Sul (RS). The total frequency of rule application is 28%. The process is favored by young people, inhabitants of one of its suburbs, São Roque, underlying high vowel, voiceless target consonant, pretonic syllable, following labial and labiodental consonants and vowel, and preceding central vowel. The favoring role of São Roque was interpreted as a tendency of the suburb to innovate its social and economic practices.

Studiens syfte bygger på en vilja att undersöka vilken typ av övningsböcker med inriktning på dubbelgrepp som ger mig motivation och god progression. För en framtida fiolpedagog är det viktigt att ha goda kunskaper i tekniken och hur den kan introduceras för att kunna hjälpa sina elever. Studien är en självstudie och sker genom utforskandet av olika övningar från tre övningsböcker inom den västerländska konstmusik-traditionen. Övningsböckerna används vid fem tillfällen var där den egna övningen observeras och dokumenteras genom loggboksanteckningar, videodokumentation och en självvärderingsskala. Resultatet visar att en specifik övningsbok inte är helt avgörande för framgången med dubbelgreppsteknik. Det framkommer också att lärarens roll är av stor vikt för den egna övningen om det så sker genom instruktioner i övningsmaterialet eller genom fysisk lektion. De övningsperioder som genomfördes utan goda instruktioner har negativ inverkan i form av minskad motivation. Övningsböcker kan vara en bra hjälp om bokens upplägg är i samklang med violinisten, men den verkligt motiverande och influerande rollen har läraren.

The purpose of this study was to examine how the safety was regarded by the public at three differently located bus stops in Umeå’s local bus traffic. Umeå is in the context a medium sized town located in the northern of Sweden.    The study was conducted through interviews at bus stops in three different locational districts within Umeå’s municipal borders. Vasaplan, Ålidhem and Röbäck. The bus stops differentiate from one another through means of population density, location, repute, and the availability of amenities in the area. A total of 38 recipients was interviewed at these bus stops, the questions asked to the recipients treated how the safety was perceived according to the time of the day at each location, if they had been exposed to or observed any alarming events at the bus stops as well as which attributes, they thought could increase or decrease said safety at the bus stop.    The data has been analyzed through the theoretical approaches of grounded theory. The result concludes that there are differences in the perceived safety between the bus stops. Röbäck was in many regards considered the safest bus stop. Whereas the definition in the safety between Vasaplan and Ålidhem was more difficult to define. The result also contains the attributes which the recipients have opinionated contributed most to the safety at the bis stop in both a positive and a negative way. The safety at the bus stop was largely dependent upon the time of the day, as evenings were when most recipient felt unsafe in the transit environments.

The transportation sector is the dominant source of U.S. fuel consumption and emissions. Specifically, highway travel accounts for nearly 75 percent of total transportation energy use and slightly more than 33 percent of national emissions of EPA's six Criteria pollutants. Enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 (CAAA) and the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) have changed the ways that most states and local governments deal with transportation problems. Transportation planning is geared to improve air quality as well as mobility. It is required that each transportation activity be analyzed in advance using the most recent mobile emission estimate model to ensure not to violate the Conformity Regulation. Several types of energy and emission models have been developed to capture the impact of a number of factors on vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. Specifically, the current state-of-practice in emission modeling (i.e. Mobile5 and EMFAC7) uses the average speed as a single explanatory variable. However, up to date there has not been a systematic attempt to quantify the impact of various travel and driver-related factors on vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. This thesis first systematically quantifies the impact of various travel-related and driver-related factors on vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. The analysis indicates that vehicle fuel consumption and emission rates increase considerably as the number of vehicle stops increases especially at high cruise speed. However, vehicle fuel consumption is more sensitive to the cruise speed level than to vehicle stops. The aggressiveness of a vehicle stop, which represents a vehicle's acceleration and deceleration level, does have an impact on vehicle fuel consumption and emissions. Specifically, the HC and CO emission rates are highly sensitive to the level of acceleration when compared to cruise speed in the range of 0 to 120 km/h. The impact of the deceleration level on all MOEs is relatively small. At high speeds the introduction of vehicle stops that involve extremely mild acceleration levels can actually reduce vehicle emission rates. Consequently, the thesis demonstrated that the use of average speed as a sole explanatory variable is inadequate for estimating vehicle fuel consumption and emissions, and the addition of speed variability as an explanatory variable results in better models. Second, the thesis identifies a number of critical variables as potential explanatory variables for estimating vehicle fuel consumption and emission rates. These explanatory variables include the average speed, the speed variance, the number of vehicle stops, the acceleration noise associated with positive acceleration and negative acceleration noise, the kinetic energy, and the power exerted. Statistical models are developed using these critical variables. The statistical models predict the vehicle fuel consumption rate and emission rates of HC, CO, and NOx (per unit of distance) within an accuracy of 88%-96% when compared to instantaneous microscopic models (Ahn and Rakha, 1999), and predict emission rates of HC, CO, and NOx within 95 percentile confidence limits of chassis dynamometer tests conducted by EPA. Comparing with the current state-of-practice, the proposed statistical models provide better estimates for vehicle fuel consumption and emissions because speed variances about the average speed along a trip are considered in these models. On the other hand, the statistical models only require several aggregate trip variables as input while generating reasonable estimates that are consistent with microscopic model estimates. Therefore, these models could be used with transportation planning models for conformity analysis. / Master of Science

This diploma thesis focuses on the evaluation of the thermal comfort of passengers at public transport stops, in the shelters of public transport, which are an integral part of urban technical equipment. This topic is gaining in importance especially with regard to climate change and related with increasing frequency of extreme weather events. First part of the diploma thesis is the theoretical part, dealing with public transport shelters from various theoretical points of view. The practical part of the diploma theses deals with experimental measurements of selected physical quantities in the interior and exterior of eleven public transport shelters in the city of Brno, during the six months of 2020 (cold and warm periods). The facts found by experimental measurements for individual shelters are compared and evaluated, with the final selection of the optimal model of the technical solution of the shelter.