儘管民主政治是一種不夠完美的制度，但仍係人類社會迄今為止最能尊重與保障個人平等自由生活方式的一種政治制度，故而在廿世紀下半葉廣獲世界各國青睞。透過政治文化的觀點，我們瞭解到民主政治的建立與發展，一般人民是否具有民主的精神與素養，往往要比政治制度或典則是否完善，更具有決定性的影響。因此，本研究將「民主」定義為一種生活方式，希望從人們對民主內涵之覺察與認識，從蘊含於其日常行為價值觀中的表現，探討民主價值成為個人生活方式的可能影響。 東亞大陸上的華人社會，不論是中國大陸或台灣都肯定民主的價值，也都朝民主的方向邁進，然而二者選擇之路徑不同，歷經之階段亦不相同。台灣已成功地從威權體制轉型為民主政治，大陸則在改革開放的驅動下，著手施行有中國特色的社會主義民主建設。民主轉型能否成為兩岸未來和平對話的契機？值得我們關注。 兩岸青年雖然生活於不同的教育環境，但是資訊時代為他（她）們的成長提供了日益趨同的國際舞台。在現代化民主潮流的衝激下，他（她）們習得怎樣的民主內涵，對兩岸關係未來的發展，勢必會有重要的影響。因而本研究關切兩岸大學生政治學習的內容如何，其民主意識的內涵有何異同，兩岸大學生會有怎樣的政治參與意向，以及社會化媒介對其民主意識和政治參與意向所可能的影響。 經由內容分析法比較兩岸大學生高中時期政治學習的內容，發現兩岸的教育重心都在強化政治知識和政治策略，但本質意涵仍有顯著差異：其中各自對「政治社群」的認同對象不同、「政治知識」的來源不同、「政治策略」的性質不同，猶有甚者，彼此教科書對「民主價值」的認知與詮釋差異甚大。大陸方面的政治教科書對意識形態的強調與堅持比台灣遠甚。 本研究同時以態度量表進行經驗調查，以立意取樣的方式，在兩岸選取政治大學、成功大學、東吳大學和北京大學、人民大學、（廣州）中山大學等六所學校共1100餘位學生作為對比分析。經過冗長的統計分析與論證，本研究所提出的各項假設獲得了部分的驗證。 根據本研究發現，兩岸大學生影響其民主意識與政治參與意向的原因容或有所不同，但從調查結果可知，雖然兩岸在政治、經濟體制上分離了五十餘年，但本研究所調查的兩岸大學生在許多方面都呈現了相同之處，並且對於民主仍充滿了肯定，甚至大陸大學生對於民主的渴望猶勝生活在自由風氣中的台灣大學生。筆者認為，這樣的共識讓兩岸有了對話的平台，在未來的兩岸關係中，這群政治與社會的菁英勢必能由此發展出新的出路。 / Democratic political system which has been widely accepted in the second half of the 20th century all over the world has played the best role in respecting and guaranteeing individuals’ equal and liberal lifestyle so far, though it might not be the most perfect. Though the view of political culture, we acknowledge that in the establishment and development of democratic politics, whether the ordinary people have democratic spirits usually has more crucial effects than whether the political regimes and norms are flawless. Therefore in this research, the writer defines ‘democracy’ as ‘a lifestyle’ and tries to discuss the possible effect of democratic lifestyle through people’s awareness and understanding of democratic connotation and their daily behavior reflecting their values. In the Chinese society on the Eastern Asia continent, both the Mainland China and Taiwan approve the democratic value and move toward the democracy. But they chose different ways, either the developing stages. Taiwan has successfully changed from the authoritarian system to democratic politics while the Mainland China has been performing the China Style Socialist Democracy Construction in the motivation of the market-oriented Reformation. Can the democratic transition create a peacefully conversational opportunity? It’s worth paying attention. The youth of both sides are living in the different educational environment, but the Information Age provides them an international stage more and more similar. By the wash of democratic wave, what democratic connotation they have learned will make a big impact on the cross-straight relationship in the future. So this research concerns on the undergraduates’ political study contents, the differences between their democratic connotation, their political participation wills and the probably effects of socialization media on their democratic conscious and political participation wills. After comparing the political study contents in high school by content analysis method, it is found that the educational cores of both sides are political knowledge and political policy, but they have distinct essences in who the political community identifies, where the political knowledge comes, what the political policy means, and the most different, how the democratic value is explained. The political textbook of the Mainland China enhances the ideology more often than Taiwan. Meanwhile, in this research the scaling method was adopted to execute the experience survey. With the purpose-sampling method, more than 1100 students of National Cheng Chi University, National Cheng Kung University and Soochow University in Taiwan and Peking University, Renmin University and Sun Yet-san University in the Mainland China are chosen. Through the tough statistic analysis and demonstration, the hypotheses of this research have been large partly proved. According to the research founds, in both sides the factors which effect the undergraduates’ democratic conscious and political participation wills are different. This survey also tells us that the undergraduates in both sides has a lot in common although have been politically and economically separated for more than 50 years. They both feel very positive towards democracy, further more, the Mainland China undergraduates are more eager to democracy than Taiwan undergraduates who are living the liberal atmosphere. The author believes that this common opinion constructs the talk bridge between the Straights. In the future, these political and social elites will develop a new peaceful path to change the present vague relationship between both sides through the democratic way.

Title: Dependence of the position of teams in the FIFA rankings on the achievements in top tournaments Objectives: The aim of this work is determining dependency team standings in the FIFA rankings on the achievements in top tournaments. This is the World Cup in 1998, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014. Methods: In my thesis I used a method of regression and correlation analysis, correlation coefficient and regression straight line. Results: All results are presented in the analytical part of the work. It was found dependency between the observed data and an increasing trend. The biggest dependence was at the World Cup 2014, which reached high levels. The smallest was at the World Cup 1998 and 2002, where the results reached below average. Keywords: Football, FIFA, FIFA World rankings, FIFA World Cup, correlation analysis, regression analysis, correlation coefficient, regression straight line

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camila Moreira Barros Dutra.pdf: 801824 bytes, checksum: cc61a3182884ec66bf60e861730a166b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-29 / The present work boards the controversy over the straight law of habitation as a figure of right of succession in the case of the death of the one of the parties in a common-law marriage. It has been stablished a parallel among these rights conceded to the husbands or wives and those conceded to the parties of the common-law marriage at the present standing normative system. According to this, a critical analysis has been made with the familiar entities disposed by the Federal Constitution and its abordage by the infraconstitutional rules. Essencial to the proposed object, the study has been expanded to the elements of the family rights, the straight law and the rights of succession, having as an aim the examining of this law application over the surviving part in a common-law marriage / O presente trabalho aborda o questionamento acerca do direito real de habitação como figura do Direito sucessório nos casos de sucessão do convivente. Traçou-se um paralelo entre os direitos hereditários concedidos aos cônjuges e aos conviventes na atual sistemática normativa vigente. Em vista disso, foi realizada análise crítica às entidades familiares instituídas pela Constituição Federal e seu tratamento pelas normas infraconstitucionais. O estudo se estendeu, por essencial à abordagem ao objeto proposto, elementos do Direito de Família, do Direito Real e do Direito das Sucessões, tendo como objetivo a verificação de aplicação de tal direito aos conviventes supérstites

Le golfe Persique est depuis toujours le carrefour du commerce mondial. Cette mer est aujourd’hui la voie vitale de l’approvisionnement énergétique mondial. Selon les statistiques, chaque jour 18 millions baril de pétrole passent par cette mer et le détroit d’Ormuz. Parmi les pays côtiers du golfe Persique le rôle de l’Iran est le plus important en raison de sa position géographique. L’Iran, avec ses 1200 kilomètres de côte, possède le plus large littoral dans le golfe Persique et est également l’un des deux États riverains du détroit d’Ormuz, la seule voie de communication maritime du golfe Persique avec le monde entier. C’est pourquoi la politique maritime de l’Iran et sa législation concernant le droit de la mer sont déterminantes dans la région et c’est la question que nous nous sommes proposé d’aborder dans la présente thèse. / The Persian Gulf has always been the crossroad of world trade. The Persian Gulf is today the vital corridor of global energy supply. According to statistics 18 million barrels of oil pass through this sea and the Strait of Hormuz every day. Among the coastal countries of the Persian Gulf the role of Iran is crucial due to its geographical location. Iran, with 1200 km, has the widest coastline on the Persian Gulf, it is also one of the two coastal states to the Strait of Hormuz wich is the only shipping route of the Persian Gulf to the rest of the world. This is why Iran's maritime policy and its law of the sea legislation are critical in the region. This thesis tries to explore these policies and legislations of Iran.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_olga_corbo.pdf: 11888785 bytes, checksum: 9fd54776e71e1d194c1bd940375f91fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-16 / We have conducted this study to contribute to education of future teachers, by proposing the use of golden section as a context to explore the notion of incommensurable magnitudes. We have based our study on the notion of jeux de cadres , introduced by Douady (1986) in Mathematics Didactic, and used the Didactic Engineering research methodology. Our research was developed on the following hypothesis: a teaching sequence about the golden section which favors an interaction among different knowledge domains can advance the comprehension and/or development of the notion of incommensurability of straight line segments . For this study, we have attempted to determine if the process of successive divisions based on Euclids algorithm helped foster the development of the notion of incommensurability of straight line segments in the future teachers. Furthermore, we verified whether they used the jeux de cadres to solve some problems presented in the sequence and how it contributed to develop the notion of golden rectangle and the notion of incommensurable straight line segments. Finally, we determined if they have established a relationship between the golden rectangle characteristics and the notion of incommensurability of straight line segments, by offering a proof of the incommensurability of the sides of the golden rectangle. The results seem to indicate some progress in relation to the answers provided in the pre-test, which allows us to conclude that the golden section can be a favorable context for the comprehension and/or development of the notion of incommensurable straight line segments. The examination of the students performance have also shown that the sequence can promote an interaction among different knowledge domains, allowing a connection between certain geometric constructions and irrational numbers. At the end, we discuss some limitations observed during the development of this study, whose analysis can serve as a starting point for new investigations on the same theme. / O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de contribuir para a formação inicial de professores de Matemática, propondo a utilização da seção áurea como contexto para explorar a noção de incomensurabilidade de segmentos de reta. Tomando como referencial teórico a noção de jogos de quadros , introduzida por Douady (1986) na Didática da Matemática e usando a metodologia de pesquisa denominada Engenharia Didática, desenvolvemos nosso trabalho com base na hipótese de que uma seqüência de ensino sobre a seção áurea, cuja realização favoreça a articulação entre quadros distintos de conhecimentos, pode propiciar a compreensão e/ou desenvolvimento da noção de incomensurabilidade de segmentos de reta . Por este estudo, examinamos se o processo das divisões sucessivas baseado no algoritmo de Euclides propiciou aos sujeitos de nossa pesquisa o desenvolvimento da noção de incomensurabilidade de segmentos de reta. Analisamos, ainda se os participantes recorriam à mudança de quadros para a resolução de algumas das situações apresentadas na seqüência e de que forma essa estratégia contribuiu para introduzir a noção de retângulo áureo e a noção de incomensurabilidade de segmentos de reta. Finalmente, examinamos se estabeleciam uma relação entre as características do retângulo áureo e a noção de incomensurabilidade de segmentos de reta, por meio da elaboração de uma justificativa de que os lados do retângulo áureo são segmentos incomensuráveis entre si. Os resultados indicam que houve um avanço em relação às respostas apresentadas no pré-teste, permitindo-nos concluir que a seção áurea pode ser um contexto favorável à compreensão e/ou desenvolvimento da noção de segmentos incomensuráveis. O exame do desempenho dos estudantes revelou também que a seqüência desenvolvida pode favorecer a inter-relação entre quadros distintos de conhecimentos, possibilitando que seja estabelecido um elo de ligação entre determinadas construções geométricas e números irracionais. Nas considerações finais, são discutidas as limitações observadas durante a realização deste trabalho, cuja análise poderá servir como ponto de partida para novas investigações sobre o mesmo tema.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Cordeiro da Silva.pdf: 1895701 bytes, checksum: b76c020e24ea7c9012d0e9cd221384e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-27 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This present study aimed to introduce the rational numbers concept on Elementary School. This study is about semiotic approach education, based on representation s register theory by Raymond Duval (1993, 1995, 2005), found on article by French research Adjiage and Pluvinage (2000). In this article has proposed to consider the graduated straight line as a register of semiotic representation of rationals numbers, it indicates good results to education comparing to use of geometric figures dimension size 2, as chocolate bars, for example. Two questions guided this study: if the introduction of graduated straight line as a semiotic register to rationals numbers extends the possibility in opposition of difficulties to learn rationals numbers, and if it setups as element to help on Brazilian education. The dates for this analyze were Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino Fundamental (PCN) to 2nd cycle (3rd and 4th grades) and 3rd cycle (5th and 6th grades) and the volumes of a didactic books' collection to these grades. We could check that the graduated straight line's or geometric s register has potential that could to promote education because it designs as a true semiotic register with a lot of signs and adaptable to development of a set of skills. This approach isn't recommendation by PCN and it doesn't act in didactics books, in this case, we can infer that if it could be introduced among us it can be a element to help on Brazilian education / O presente trabalho tem por foco a introdução do conceito de número racional no Ensino Fundamental. Trata-se de um estudo sobre uma abordagem semiótica de ensino, fundamentada na teoria dos registros de representação de Raymond Duval (1993, 1995, 2005), apresentada num artigo dos pesquisadores franceses Adjiage e Pluvinage (2000). Nela é proposto que se considere a reta graduada como um registro de representação semiótica dos racionais, indicando ganhos para a aprendizagem comparativamente ao uso de figuras geométricas de dimensão 2, como as barras de chocolate, num papel figurativo. Duas questões nortearam este trabalho: se a introdução da reta graduada como um registro semiótico para os racionais de fato amplia a possibilidade de enfrentamento das dificuldades consagradas da aprendizagem dos racionais e se ela se configura como um elemento de auxílio para o ensino brasileiro. Os dados para a análise foram buscados nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Matemática para o Ensino Fundamental (PCN) do ciclo II (3ª e 4ª séries) e do ciclo III (5ª e 6ª séries) e nos volumes de duas coleções de livros didáticos referentes a essas séries. Pudemos concluir que o registro da reta graduada ou geométrico de dimensão 1 tem potencialidades que podem favorecer a aprendizagem, pois ela se configura como um verdadeiro registro semiótico rico em signos e mais adaptado ao desenvolvimento de um conjunto de competências. Essa abordagem não é recomendada nos PCN e nem aparece nos livros didáticos, levando-nos a inferir que se introduzida entre nós, pode se configurar como um elemento de auxílio para o ensino brasileiro

This thesis reports both the optimizations of the vanadium oxide (VOx) thin film as an active infrared detector material by the magnetron sputtering deposition method and its use during fabrication of proper resistors for the microbolometers. Vanadium oxide is a preferred material for microbolometers, as it provides high TCR value, low noise, and reasonable resistance, and a number of high-tech companies have used this material to obtain state-of-the-art microbolometer arrays. This material is first used in microbolometers by Honeywell, who provides its recipe with license agreements, and there is not much information in the literature for its deposition recipe. This is the first study at METU for development of vanadium oxide thin film for microbolometers. The VOx material deposition studies started by identifying the deposition parameters of the magnetron sputtering system in order to obtain proper VOx resistors for the readout electronics. The obtained recipe includes high temperature deposition conditions of VOx, however, this causes a diffusion problem on the electrodes, preventing to obtain a good contact to VOx. Also, high oxygen level in the depositions makes a contamination on the electrodes. A number of studies were done to determine a proper electrode material which is proper with the deposition conditions of the VOx. Characterization of the vanadium oxide samples is done by XRD and XPS measurements to see the relation between the phases and resistivity of the vanadium oxide. It is known that V2O5 phase provides a high TCR and resistivity value, and the XRD results show that this phase is dominant in the highly-oxygen doped or annealed resistors. The TCR and noise measurements are done using resistors implemented with the developed VOx film, after the etching processes of the both VOx and the electrodes are optimized. The contamination on the electrodes is prevented by the help of a newly designed process. The TCR measurement results show that annealing of the resistors affect the TCR values, i.e., increasing the annealing duration increases the TCR values of the resistors. Two different resistors with different deposition conditions are annealed to see the effect of annealing, where TCR results of the resistors are -0.74%/K and -0.8 %/K before annealing. The TCR values of these resistors increase to -1.6 %/K and -4.35 %K, respectively, after annealing in same conditions, showing that both the deposition conditions and annealing change the TCR significantly. Although good TCR values are obtained, the noise values of the VOx resistors are much higher than the expected values, which suggest a further study to determine the cause of this noise.

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類 : 博士(医学)(論文) 学位授与年月日:平成4年3月25日 井戸田仁氏の博士論文として提出された

Durch die zunehmende technologische Entwicklung des Getriebe-, Gelenkwellen-, Werkzeugmaschinen-, Kraftfahrzeug-, sowie Landmaschinenbaus steigen die zu übertragenden Leistungen und Drehmomente enorm. Dies führt zu einem wachsenden Bedarf an formschlüssigen Profilwellenverbindungen und deren erhöhter Lebensdauer und Genauigkeit. Hierbei bilden die Zahnwellenverbindungen (ZWVen) mit Evolventenflanken nach DIN 5480 /N1/ den Regelfall für eine Vielzahl der Anwendung. Abhängig von Festigkeitsüberlegungen, Herstellungsverfahren und Platzbedarf treten in der Praxis nahezu ausschließlich die folgenden zwei Grundtypen auf. Es handelt sich dabei zum Ersten um die Zahnwelle (ZW) mit freiem Auslauf.Die zweite Geometrievariante ist die Zahnwelle mit gebundenem Auslauf, die eine nach DIN 471 /N2/ genormte Sicherungsringnut (SRN) enthalten kann. Zahnwellenverbindungen dienen zur Übertragung großer, wechselnder und stoßartiger Drehmomente ohne zusätzliches Verbindungselement durch die Profilierung der Welle und Nabe. Axiale Verschiebbarkeit unter Last, Profilverschiebungsmöglichkeit, einfache Montage und Demontage sowie die Herstellung mit hochleistungsfähigen umformenden und spanenden Massenfertigungsverfahren, die die Herstellungskosten verhältnismäßig niedrig halten, sind technisch bedeutsame Eigenschaften, die zum ansteigenden Einsatz von ZWVen führen (z.B. /N1/, /Vil84/, /Koh86/ und /Wes96/). Starke Kerbwirkung und erhebliche Überdimensionierung benachbarter Gestaltungszonen sind die wesentlichen Schwachpunkte der Profilverbindungen. Eine große Anzahl (ca. 80 %) von Ausfällen im Maschinenbau ist auf Schäden an Achsen und Wellen infolge konstruktiv bedingter Kerben zurückzuführen (z.B. /N3/ und /Hai89/). Speziell im Bereich der hochbeanspruchten Profilwellen-Verbindungen kommt es auf Grund der starken Querschnittsveränderungen und der häufig angewandten Ausläufe und Formelemente, z. B. Zahn- und Keilwellen zu Kerbwirkungen, die erhebliche örtliche Spannungskonzentrationen sowohl im Zahnfußbereich und Zahnlückenauslauf als auch im Bereich der Verbindung selbst verursachen. Diese Beanspruchungskonzentrationen sind fast in der Hälfte aller Zahnwellenbrüche die häufigste Ursache für Dauerbrüche (Ermüdungs- bzw. Schwingungsbrüche) und für Schäden (bleibende Verformung, Anriss, Gewaltbruch) infolge Maximalbelastung. Hier trifft die Lastüberhöhung am Welle-Nabe-Verbindungsrand mit dem Steifigkeitssprung des Verzahnungsendes auf der Welle zusammen /Die93/. Die erwähnten Schadensfälle belegen, dass der heutige Kenntnisstand über eine beanspruchungsgerechte Auslegung von Zahnwellen noch recht lückenhaft ist. Deshalb sind neue Erkenntnisse über Form- bzw. Kerbwirkungszahlen bei Einzel- und Mehrfachkerben von scharf und weniger scharf gekerbten Zahnwellen mit Auslauf für eine treffsichere Festigkeitsberechnung erforderlich und stellen damit die Hauptschwerpunkte dieser Arbeit dar. Das vorliegende Forschungsprojekt, welches sich erstmals mit der Ermittlung der Beanspruchungen in torsions-, und biegebelasteten Zahnwellen mit freiem und gebundenem Auslauf befasst, wurde im Rahmen der Forschungsvereinigung für Antriebstechnik e.V. (FVA) unter der Nummer T 467 und dem Forschungsthema „ Ermittlung der Kerbwirkung bei Profilwellen für die praktische Getriebeberechnung von Zahnwellen“ initiiert und untersucht.

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