Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Erick Malheiros Rampazo.pdf: 869941 bytes, checksum: 6f760360c060fbd7ebd38e062e72f423 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-29 / The Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane and sugarcane´s ethanol, and attracting worldwide interest because of the diversity of products that it can be produced. The ethanol derived from sugarcane is shown as an energy alternative to oil, being a source of renewable energy and less polluting. The aim of the research will evaluate the effect of straw deposited in the soil, stumps of sugarcane, RB 86 7515 cultivar was planted in two different systems (windrow and groove) and received different treatment of the hydrogel polymer (0,00; 26,66; 53,33 e 80,00 kg ha-1), in the levels of the enzyme polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). The RB 86 7515 cultivar was planted in december 2007, harvested june 2009 (18 months), the monitoring installed this cultivar was at Presidente Prudente´s conditions, Campus II, UNOESTE. The soil of the experiment was characterized as Ultisol Red Yellow Distroferric typical to moderate, medium-loamy texture (Embrapa, 1999). The climate is classified as Aw, with the summer rainy season and dry season in winter. The levels of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were evaluated during the harvest period. The experiment consisted of five lines with five meters long, with spacing of 1.5 (area of 37.5 m2) the samples were collected at three internal lines and analyzed, ignoring the first and last meters of the extremities. This area was sampled randomly a stem, which removed the first internode from the top. (First bud without green leaves). The synthetic polymer added to the soil promotes changes in the studied enzymes. The coverage with crop residue does not promote changes in the studied enzymes. The planting system does not promote changes in the studied enzymes. The enzymes showed enzymatic activity changes in vegetative cycle. / O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar e álcool de cana, e atrai interesse mundial devido à diversidade de produtos que dela podem ser produzidos.O etanol derivado da cana-de-açúcar mostra-se como alternativa energética ao petróleo, por ser uma fonte de energia renovável e menos poluente. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do palhiço depositado no solo, em soqueiras de cana-de-açúcar, cultivar RB 86 7515 plantadas em dois sistemas diferentes (leira e sulco) e que recebeu tratamentos diferenciados do polímero hidrogel (0,00; 26,66; 53,33 e 80,00 kg ha-1), nos teores das enzimas polifenoloxidase (PFO) e peroxidase (POD). A cultivar RB 86 7515 foi plantada em dezembro de 2007 e colhida em junho 2009 (18 meses), o acompanhamento desta variedade instalada, foi nas condições edafoclimáticas de Presidente Prudente no Campus II da UNOESTE. O solo do experimento classifica-se como Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distroférrico, típico a moderado, textura médio-argilosa (Embrapa, 1999). O clima da região se classifica em Aw, sendo a estação chuvosa no verão e estação seca no inverno. Avaliou o teor de polifenoloxidase e peroxidase durante o período safra. A parcela foi constituída de cinco linhas com cinco metros de comprimento, sendo o espaçamento de 1,5 (área de 37,5 m2) as amostras foram coletadas nas três linhas internas, desprezando o primeiro e o ultimo metro das extremidades. Foram amostrados aleatoriamente colmos, sendo retirado o primeiro entrenó da parte superior. (primeiro colmo sem folhas verdes). O Polímero sintético adicionado ao solo promove alterações nas enzimas estudadas. Cobertura com palhiço não promove alterações nas enzimas estudadas. O sistema de plantio não promove alterações nas enzimas estudadas. As enzimas apresentam alterações de atividade enzimatica no ciclo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Erick Malheiros Rampazo.pdf: 869941 bytes, checksum: 6f760360c060fbd7ebd38e062e72f423 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-29 / The Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane and sugarcane´s ethanol, and attracting worldwide interest because of the diversity of products that it can be produced. The ethanol derived from sugarcane is shown as an energy alternative to oil, being a source of renewable energy and less polluting. The aim of the research will evaluate the effect of straw deposited in the soil, stumps of sugarcane, RB 86 7515 cultivar was planted in two different systems (windrow and groove) and received different treatment of the hydrogel polymer (0,00; 26,66; 53,33 e 80,00 kg ha-1), in the levels of the enzyme polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). The RB 86 7515 cultivar was planted in december 2007, harvested june 2009 (18 months), the monitoring installed this cultivar was at Presidente Prudente´s conditions, Campus II, UNOESTE. The soil of the experiment was characterized as Ultisol Red Yellow Distroferric typical to moderate, medium-loamy texture (Embrapa, 1999). The climate is classified as Aw, with the summer rainy season and dry season in winter. The levels of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were evaluated during the harvest period. The experiment consisted of five lines with five meters long, with spacing of 1.5 (area of 37.5 m2) the samples were collected at three internal lines and analyzed, ignoring the first and last meters of the extremities. This area was sampled randomly a stem, which removed the first internode from the top. (First bud without green leaves). The synthetic polymer added to the soil promotes changes in the studied enzymes. The coverage with crop residue does not promote changes in the studied enzymes. The planting system does not promote changes in the studied enzymes. The enzymes showed enzymatic activity changes in vegetative cycle. / O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar e álcool de cana, e atrai interesse mundial devido à diversidade de produtos que dela podem ser produzidos.O etanol derivado da cana-de-açúcar mostra-se como alternativa energética ao petróleo, por ser uma fonte de energia renovável e menos poluente. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do palhiço depositado no solo, em soqueiras de cana-de-açúcar, cultivar RB 86 7515 plantadas em dois sistemas diferentes (leira e sulco) e que recebeu tratamentos diferenciados do polímero hidrogel (0,00; 26,66; 53,33 e 80,00 kg ha-1), nos teores das enzimas polifenoloxidase (PFO) e peroxidase (POD). A cultivar RB 86 7515 foi plantada em dezembro de 2007 e colhida em junho 2009 (18 meses), o acompanhamento desta variedade instalada, foi nas condições edafoclimáticas de Presidente Prudente no Campus II da UNOESTE. O solo do experimento classifica-se como Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo Distroférrico, típico a moderado, textura médio-argilosa (Embrapa, 1999). O clima da região se classifica em Aw, sendo a estação chuvosa no verão e estação seca no inverno. Avaliou o teor de polifenoloxidase e peroxidase durante o período safra. A parcela foi constituída de cinco linhas com cinco metros de comprimento, sendo o espaçamento de 1,5 (área de 37,5 m2) as amostras foram coletadas nas três linhas internas, desprezando o primeiro e o ultimo metro das extremidades. Foram amostrados aleatoriamente colmos, sendo retirado o primeiro entrenó da parte superior. (primeiro colmo sem folhas verdes). O Polímero sintético adicionado ao solo promove alterações nas enzimas estudadas. Cobertura com palhiço não promove alterações nas enzimas estudadas. O sistema de plantio não promove alterações nas enzimas estudadas. As enzimas apresentam alterações de atividade enzimatica no ciclo.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第17899号 / 農博第2022号 / 新制||農||1017(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H25||N4795(農学部図書室) / 30719 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科食品生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 安達 修二, 教授 入江 一浩, 教授 谷 史人 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The effect of treatment with 3% aqueous ammonia and 5.3% urea plus jackbean meal on the nutritive value of wheat straw was investigated. The moisture content of the straw was raised to 40% by addition of water. Crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility were highest for the bottom layers, which had the highest moisture. The mean temperature during the first 4 wk post treatment was 11.2 C. Four diets were fed to sheep: untreated straw 1) alone or 2) with 20 g/d urea at feeding time 3) ammonia-treated straw, and 4) urea-treated straw. All diets contained 80 g of liquid molasses, 10 g of NaCl and 6 g of Na 2 S04, and were calculated to be isonitrogenous except the control diet (untreated straw without urea supplementation). Straw was chopped prior to feeding. Crude protein content in wheat straw was tripled by ammonia and urea treatment. Dry matter digestibility in vivo and in vitro was enhanced by ammonia and urea treatment, and the effect was higher for ammonia treatment. Digestibilities of cell wall constituents were higher (P<.05) for ammonia treated straw, compared to urea-treated straw. Urinary N excretion was considerably lower (P<.01) and N retention was higher (P<.01) for lambs fed treated straws, compared to those fed urea at feeding time. Ruminal NH3-N and blood urea concentrations were higher (P<.01) for the lambs fed urea at feeding time, compared to lambs fed the others diets. / M.S.

The work described in this dissertation focused on chemistry related to the use of aqueous sodium hydroxide as a treatment in the processing of wheat straw. A major emphasis was the comprehensive evaluation of straw component partitioning due to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) processing. This was evaluated over a range of NaOH concentrations (0­‐10%, w/v), all at 50°C, 5 h treatment period, and 3% solid loading. Solid and liquid phases resulting from NaOH treatments were evaluated. Total solids recovered in the NaOH­‐treated solid phase ranged from 47.4­‐88.0%. Overall carbohydrate recovery in the combined solid and liquid phases was negatively correlated with the alkali concentration of the treatment liquor. The glucan content of the NaOH‐treated solid phase ranged from 37.2­‐67.4%. Glucan recovery in the solid phase was relatively high in all cases, the minimum value being ~98%. Increasing amounts of xylan partitioned into the liquid phase as sodium hydroxide concentrations increased – it ranged from 31­‐83% of the xylan being recovered in the soluble phase. Carbohydrate analyses of the pretreated liquor revealed that the majority of carbohydrate loss from the solid fraction could be recovered in the liquid phase in form of oligomers and monomers due to alkaline degradation. The interconversion of glucose, fructose, and mannose under the alkaline condition played an important role in the presence of those sugars. Increase in NaOH concentration contributed to increase in amount of cellulose­‐derived and hemicellulose‐derived oligomers in the pretreated liquor. All oligomers except fructooligomers in NaOH pretreated liquor were higher than those found in water extraction at 50°C, 5 h. Total carbohydrate recovery from the solid and liquid fractions was as high as 99% for glucose and glucan in 5% NaOH treatment and 80‐95% for xylose and xylan in 1-­10% NaOH treatment. The presence of NaOH as extraction reagent dramatically induced lignin and ash removal from the pretreated solid with up to 63% acid insoluble lignin (AIL) and 87% ash extraction. Solid fractions resulting from NaOH pretreatments (up to 5% NaOH) were tested for their susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification using cellulase and cellulase/xylanase enzyme preparations. The cellulase/xylanase enzyme preparation was found to be more effective at cellulose saccharification than the cellulase enzyme preparation alone. Maximum glucose yield, which corresponded to the 5% NaOH treatment, was 82% over the standard 48 h saccharification period. Extended saccharifications times to 120 h showed that the conversion yield approached 90%. Sequential treatments of the straw (i.e. initial alkali treatment – first enzyme saccharification – second alkali treatment ‐ second enzyme treatment) revealed the NaOH treatment has the potential to render essentially all (~99%) of the straw glucan susceptible to enzyme saccharification. This suggests that the layered molecular arrangement of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the cell wall impacts biomass recalcitrance and glucan conversion yield. The other major focus of this dissertation research was the characterization of alkali neutralization, which occurs during the aqueous alkali processing of wheat straw. The approach taken was to evaluate the time course of alkali uptake and to determine the underlying nature of alkali uptake. The knowledge generated from this study is useful for understanding the nature of the alkali‐induced chemistry that is at the heart of alkali processing of agricultural byproducts, foods, and forest products. Alkali uptake/acid generation measurements were monitored for wheat straw suspensions at pH 11 and 30°C. The first phase of alkali uptake corresponded to the 30‐second time period over which the pH of the wheat straw suspension was adjusted from its original pH (~6.6) to pH 11. Alkali neutralization during this period was attributed to the instantaneous ionization of solvent accessible Bronstad acids. Following pH adjustment to 11.0, the time course of subsequent alkali uptake was recorded. The time course appeared biphasic. The early phase, which corresponded to the relatively rapid uptake of alkali, was evident during the first 24 hours. The later phase, which was characterized by the relatively slow uptake of alkali, was maintained for the length of the study (up to 96 hours). Alkali uptake during the early phase of the time course appears to be determined by the rate of hydrolysis of readily accessible esters – primarily acetic acid esters (acetyl groups). Alkali uptake during the later phase of the time course appears to be impacted by the rate of alkali penetration into the straw and the rate of production of alkali‐induced acid degradation products. The uptake of alkali in the pH adjustment phase was ~ 120 μEq per gram wheat straw, the uptake of alkali in the early phase of time course was ~ 1,064 μEq per gram wheat straw, and the rate of uptake in the later phase of the time course 6.10 μEq per gram wheat straw per hour. Amount of acetyl groups, ferulic acid, and p-­coumaric acid generated during 96-­h pretreatment revealed that they are major esters being hydrolyzed under the studied condition. Combined, these ester-­derived acids contributed up to ~ 28% of overall alkali uptake. In addition, alkaline degradation products quantified in this study showed additional ~ 28% contribution to the overall alkali uptake. / Graduation date: 2012

Aus gegebenen klimatischen Gründen sind viele Milchviehbetriebe in Syrien gezwungen, Grobfutter aus weit entfernten Ackerbaugebieten heran zu transportieren. Im Falle des in die-ser Arbeit beschriebenen Unterschungsbetriebes werden jährlich etwa 400 Tonnen Futterstroh aus dem ca. 800 km entfernten Ackerbaugebiet herantransportiert. In dem Untersuchungsbe-trieb stellt Stroh über 80% des Grobfutters dar. Gegenwärtig wird das Stroh gehäckselt und in Plastik-Säcke gefüllt; dennoch werden die eingesetzten Transportzüge nur zu 45% ausgela-stet. Die Kosten der Kompaktierung und des Transports aus den Getreideanbaugebieten in die Milchviehbetriebe bestimmen im Wesentlichen die Kosten für das Stroh. Aus diesem Grunde konzentrierten sich die Untersuchungen darauf, in welchem Maße durch unterschiedliche Be-handlungsmethoden von Stroh dessen Einsatzmöglichkeiten in der Milchviehfütterung ver-bessert, die Transportaufwendungen reduziert und die Umwelt durch verringerten Treibstoff-verbrauch entlastet werden können. Untersucht wurden die Möglichkeiten zur Erhöhung der Transportleistung und zur Senkung der Aufwendungen bei gleichzeitiger Sicherung der Fut-terqualität, die insbesondere durch die mechanische und chemische Behandlung des Strohs erzielt werden können. Anhand der mechanischen und chemischen Behandlung von Stroh wurden die Möglichkeiten der Futterwerterhöhung des Strohs sowie eine angepaßte Rationsgestaltung durchgeführt. Da-bei erweist sich die Quaderballenlinie als das optimale Verfahren, das durch die Reduzierung des Kraftstoffverbrauchs für den Transport die CO2-Emission um 46% pro Jahr senkt. Die Strohbehandlung durch Zusatz von 4% Harnstoff und 50% Wasser (bezogen auf die Trocken-substanzmenge des Strohs) stellt eine optimale Lösung dar. Aufgrund dessen sollte der Anteil von Aufschlußstroh in der täglichen Ration auf 5 bis 8 kg TS / Kuh u. Tag (abhängig vom Laktationsstadium) erhöht werden. Die Effekte der Quadergroßballen und der anschließenden Harnstoffbehandlung am Ver-brauchsort bringen dem Betrieb eine finanzielle Entlastung von 13% seiner Jahresausgaben für Futtermittel. / Due to the unfavourable climatic conditions for forage production, dairy farms around Da-mascus (Syria) are forced to transport straw from far crop growing regions. The dairy farm covered in this study needs about 400 tonnes of straw to be used as feed which has to be transported from a distance of around 800 km. In the study farm straw covers more than 80% of the forage feed provided. At present the straw is chopped and is being transported in plastic sacks utilising only 45 % of the capacity of the trucks. This indicates the need for improve-ment in truck utilisation through optimisation process such as compacting. The cost of straw is mainly influenced by the cost of compacting and transporting the straw from crop producing regions to the dairy farms located at up to 800 km away from the pro-duction centre. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the different treatment methods such as physical (chopping, compacting, etc) and chemical (Urea application) in improving the utili-sation of straw as dairy feed. The study has also included the minimisation of transportation cost and reduction of pollution of the environment through an optimisation process. At the same time attempts were made to increase the transport capacity and reduction of the expendi-ture without affecting the quality of the feed. Through the physical and chemical treatments of straw it was possible to improve the feed value of straw which has enabled us to develop a new ration formulation that could be used on the study farm. The use of square bale to compact the straw has reduced diesel consumption which in turn minimises CO2 emission by 46% per year. The chemical treatment employed by using 4% Urea and 50% water of the straw weight was observed to be optimal. Based on the above chemical treatment procedure, an allowance of 5 to 8 kg DM per cow and day was recommended depending on the lactation stage of the cow. The effect of the square baling in conjunction with the Urea treatment at the dairy farm could reduce the yearly feed expenditure of the farm by 13%.

In this thesis an alternative exterior wall construction for a specific building isinvestigated. The focus has been on investigating the material straw as a possiblecomponent in the future project Kulturborgen in Skåne, Sweden.Straw is a bio-based building material which, with a consideration to the climate crisis,has become a viable alternative intended to minimize carbon dioxide emissions from thebuilding sector. Through a compilation of the latest research on the material, theproperties of straw are presented in the theory chapter. Previous studies have shown thepotential of straw to be used as a load-bearing frame in house construction. However, dueto an adaptation to existing blueprints, the focus in this project has been on using straw asonly an insulating material together with load bearing I-joists. By modeling in AutodeskRevit and making calculations on the structure's load bearing capacity and thermalinsulation, a solution on an outer wall has been presented. The work culminates in aproposal for detailed drafts for a specific building that can become the basis for a possiblefurther development. / Halm är en restprodukt från odling av säd och andra grödor och räknas ur miljösynpunkttill ett mer hållbart alternativ än de konventionella byggnadsmaterial som producerasidag. Växtbaserade byggnadsmaterial som halm kan utgöra kolsänkor tack vare sinförmåga att fånga upp koldioxid från atmosfären och med tanke på en störreklimatmedvetenhet har biobaserade material blivit ett aktuellt alternativ ämnat attminimera koldioxidutsläppet från byggbranschen. Tidigare studier visar att halm har godaförutsättningar att användas som ett isolerande material tack vare sin lågavärmekonduktivitet. Halm kan även användas som en självbärande stomme eftersom denhar en hög lastöverföringsgrad. I kombination med en regelkonstruktion av annat materialkan halmen användas enbart som ett isolerande skikt mellan reglarna.Kulturborgen är ett storskaligt byggnadskomplex projekterat som en ringborg med ettöppet torg i mitten. Den byggnad som har studerats i detta examensarbete är enbart en deli komplexet, nämligen ett vandrarhem i två plan. I arbetet undersöks de möjligheter somfinns när en betongväggkonstruktion ersätts med ett biobaserat alternativ samt vilkakonsekvenser det kan få för projekteringen.I detta examensarbete undersöks en alternativ ytterväggskonstruktion för Kulturborgen.Fokus har varit att undersöka materialet halm som en möjlig beståndsdel i det framtidaprojektet Kulturborgen i Skåne, där den ursprungliga planen var att uppföra byggnadenmed prefabricerade betongelement.I en sammanställning av den senaste forskningen om materialet har halmens egenskaperoch tillämpning inom byggbranschen redovisats i ett teorikapitel. Olika metoder för attanvända halm som ett byggnadsmaterial har också tagits upp med avsikt att undersökavilken byggnadsmetod som passar bäst för Kulturborgen.På grund av anpassning till befintliga ritningar på Kulturborgen har användningen avhalm i detta projekt behandlats som enbart ett isoleringsmaterial där halmen är ett 400mm isolerande skikt i kombination med lättreglar med en bärande funktion. Lättreglarvaldes därför att de tack vare sitt I-tvärsnitt har en lägre andel trä än en regel med ettrektangulärt tvärsnitt. Detta gör att lättreglar är materialbesparande och ett lägre U-värdekan erhållas.En modell har tagits fram genom användning av programmet Autodesk Revit.Beräkningar på lättreglar har gjorts för att säkerställa att byggnaden klarar av alla lasterden utsätts för. U-värdesberäkningar utfördes för att kontrollera att vägguppbyggnadensom valdes fick ett U-värde som låg under 0,15 W/m2K, vilket hamnar inom en rimliggräns för en yttervägg. Slutligen har en lösning på en ytterväggskonstruktion presenterats.Arbetet mynnar ut i ett förslag på detaljlösningar för Kulturborgens vandrarhem ochdessa kan ligga till grund för en eventuell vidareutveckling.

Although rice straw and other grains have been used in building since pre-history, in the past two decades, there has been a move to utilize this rapidly renewable, locally available, agricultural byproduct as part of the sustainable construction movement. Up to this point, this has been done by simply stacking up the full straw bales. Stak Block, invented by Oryzatech, Inc., is a modular, interlocking block made of a composite of rice straw and binding agent that serves as an evolution in straw construction. This study investigates the feasibility of using these Stak Blocks as a structural system. The report was divided into four main parts: material testing, development of effective construction detailing, full-scale physical shear wall testing, and a comparison with wood framed shear walls. The first section investigated the feasibility of using the Stak Blocks in a load-bearing wall application. Constitutive properties of the composite straw material such as yield strength and elastic stiffness were determined and then compared to conventional straw bale. Next, the decision was made to prestress the walls to create a more effective structural system. Various construction detailing iterations were evaluated upon the full-scale shear wall testing using a pseudo-static cyclic loading protocol. Finally, the available ductility of the prestressed Stak Block walls in a lateral force resisting application is quantified along with an approximation of potential design shear forces. It was determined that the Stak Block material performed satisfactorily in gravity and lateral force resisting applications, in some respects better than conventional wood-framed construction, and has great potential as a seismically-resistant building material.

Thermal degradation during composite fabrication is the main impediment for the wide use of agro-based fibers as filler and reinforcement in engineering thermoplastic composites. Different thermal, chemical and physical techniques (e.g., alkali, steam explosion and retting) aiming to increase the fiber-matrix adhesion or reduce the plant fibers water absorption have been presented in the literature. However, there have been very few attempts to solve the difficulties associated with processing engineering thermoplastics with plant fibers. Most of these attempts involved the use of additives (such as plasticizers and salts) to lower the polymers processing temperature and plant fibers with inherent higher thermal stability (such as Curaua and cellulose). Despite all these efforts, no important progress has been achieved. Therefore, to explore the full potential of wheat straw and expand its use in commercial applications, an experimental study was carried out to develop different methodologies to improve the thermal stability of wheat straw fiber. In this thesis, most attention is given to wheat straw because of the relevance and potential of entering the market as commercial filler today. It is reported here that the thermal stability and chemical composition of wheat straw do not seem to significantly vary with wheat straw type and cultivation region. For example, the main thermal degradation of wheat straw samples starts in a narrow window of temperature which goes from 220.8 to 237.8 °C and from 224.8 to 238.1 °C for air and nitrogen atmospheres, respectively. On the other hand, lignin and inorganic materials are the wheat straw components with the highest relative variation. In addition, it is showed here that silane modification is an efficient method to increase the temperature of degradation of wheat straw. The highest improvements were achieved with chlorosilane modifiers and combinations of alkoxysilane and chlorosilane modifiers. In fact, the silane treated samples have lower thermal degradation during the fabrication of composites with polyamide-6. It is observed here that the extruded and injection molded composites containing silane treated wheat straw samples have significant smaller thermal degradation than those utilizing untreated wheat straw samples. Equally important, it seems that the mechanical properties of the composites are not affected by the addition of silane treated samples in comparison with untreated wheat straw. In addition, another efficient treatment method is presented in this thesis. This method employs ultraviolet light to modify and improve the thermal stability of wheat straw. This method offers important economical and environmental benefits. Significant improvements (e.g., 40 ºC increase on the temperature at 2% of weight loss) were achieved after treatment for short periods of time (up to 15 minutes) and without the use of any pre-treatment or production of toxic by-products. This treatment method represents a novel application for ultraviolet light with potential for industrial use.

Vis labiau kreipiamas dėmesys taip pat ir į namų poveikį sveikatai, todėl vis svarbesnė tampa ekologinė statyba. Kasmet Lietuvoje auginami javai ir kaip atliekos lieka šiaudai. Taigi didžiausias dėmesys skirtas atsinaujinančių žaliavų, tokių kaip šiaudai, linų pakulos, kanapių pluoštas, fizikinių savybių ir tinkamumo statybai tyrimai. Šiluminiu požiūriu (kuris yra svarbiausias), atlikus pirminius šilumos laidumo bandymus, nustatyta, kad tinkamiausi yra šiaudai, nes jų šilumos laidumo koeficientas mažiausias. Bandymai atlikti siekiant nustatyti šilumos laidumo koeficiento priklausomybė nuo šiaudų tankio, taip pat drėgmės poveikį šiaudų šilumos laidumui ir šiaudų susispaudžiamumą. / It is more important issue for house effects on people health so more important becomes ecological construction. Every year hay is been raised in Lithuania and as waste is left hay straw. So the biggest focus is on renewable raw materials such as hay straw, flax tow, hemp physical conditions and suitability for construction. Thermally which is most important after held the initial thermal conductivity tests it was found that the most suitable are hay straws because its thermal transfer coefficient is smallest.Tests havebeen held to determine heat transfer coefficient dependence on the density on hay straw as well as the impact of moisture on thermal conductivity of straw and straw compresibility.