京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18585号 / 工博第3946号 / 新制||工||1606(附属図書館) / 31485 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 西脇 眞二, 教授 田畑 修, 教授 松原 厚 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T20:07:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 29 / Nenhuma,Comunidade Virtual de Aprendizagem da Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior / Esta dissertação consiste no estudo teórico embasado, principalmente, na Teoria da Biologia do Conhecer da autoria de Humberto Maturana na articulação com o viver e conviver no Metaverso Second Life, tanto dos sujeitos que compõe a amostra da pesquisa quanto da própria pesquisadora. Deste modo, foram realizadas observações no contexto de dois processos formativos desenvolvidos pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Educação Digital GPe-du UNISINOS/CNPq para a Rede de Instituições Católicas de Ensino Superior – RICESU, o desenvolvimento de uma atividade complementar intitulada “Educação Online em Mundos Digitais Virtuais em 3D – MDV3D: possibilidade ou realidade?” no contexto do Programa de Aprendizagem “Ensino e Aprendizagem no Mundo Educação Digital” parte do currículo do curso de Pedagogia da UNISINOS e a aplicação de questionários, bem como entrevistas com os sujeitos dos diferentes domínios investigativos que compõe a pesquisa. O foco principal da investigação foi compreender de que forma a (re)criação(?) de identidad / This dissertation is a theoretical study chiefly based on Humberto Maturana’s Biology of Knowledge in linking with living in and living with Second Life metaverse by both subjects in the research sample and the very researcher. Thus, we have observed two formative processes the Digital Education Research Group GPe-du UNISINOS/CNPq developed for the Catholic Network of Higher Education Institutions (RICESU): first the development of a complementary activity entitled ‘Online Education in 3D Digital-Virtual Worlds — MDV3: possibility or reality’ in the Learning Programme ‘Teaching and Learning in the Digital Education World’, which is part of the Pedagogy course at UNISINOS; and last but not least, administering questionnaires and interviews with subjects in different investigating areas making up the research. The central focus for the investigation was to understand how (re)creating (?) digital-virtual identities for interaction in Three-Dimensional Digital-Virtual Worlds might help to ameliorate paradigms as

Dans le processus de conception des véhicules, la vibration et le bruit sont des sujets d’étude très importants. En effet, les vibrations sont susceptibles d’affecter le comportement dynamique des structures et le bruit dégrade le confort acoustique des passagers. L’objectif principal de la thèse est de proposer un ensemble de méthodes pour l’optimisation du comportement dynamique des systèmes complexes afin de réduire les vibrations des structures et le bruit dans l’habitacle. À cet effet, on s’intéresse à des stratégies de contrôle des interfaces, comme le collage de couches viscoélastiques sur les zones les plus déformées, ou l’introduction de dispositifs frottants calibrés pour ajouter de l’amortissement à certaines fréquences de résonance. Les structures assemblées résultantes sont étudiées numériquement par une méthode de synthèse modale généralisée. La méthode de synthèse modale proposée contient plusieurs niveaux de condensation. Le premier concerne les degrés de libertés (DDL) internes de chaque sous-structure. La deuxième condensation s’effectue sur les modes de branches, de sorte à réduire le nombre de DDL aux interfaces entre les sous-structures. Pour les systèmes couplés fluide/structure, une troisième condensation portant sur les DDL du fluide est proposée. Suite à ces condensations, la dimension du système est fortement réduite. Cette méthode permet alors d’obtenir aussi bien la réponse forcée de la structure que les fluctuations du champ de pression dans le fluide. Les chemins de transmission acoustiques et vibratoires peuvent également être déduits des contributions modales intermédiaires. On montre que ces paramètres modaux peuvent être utilisés comme fonctions objectif pour une démarche d’optimisation des interfaces. Le front de Pareto des conceptions optimales est obtenu avec un algorithme génétique multi-objectif élitiste, appliqué à une approximation par krigeage de la fonction objectif. Cette approche modale est étendue à l’étude de systèmes non-linéaires. L’hypothèse fondamentale est que les modes non-linéaires sont faiblement couplés. Les paramètres modaux non-linéaires (fréquences propres, amortissements...), dépendent des amplitudes modales. L’idée est alors de calculer des modes normaux non-linéaires en fonction de leur amplitude et de superposer leurs réponses pour obtenir celle de la structure. La méthode est appliquée à des systèmes incorporant des non-linéarités de type Duffing et de frottement sec. Le cas particulier du frottement sec est considéré à travers un modèle de Masing généralisé. Deux approches modales sont développées : l’une basée sur les modes complexes, et l’autre basée sur les modes réels. L’utilisation de modes complexes ou réels dans la synthèse modale conduit à des termes d’amortissement par frottement différents. On montre que la synthèse modale non-linéaire combinée au modèle de Masing généralisé aboutit à une méthode numérique simple, rapide et efficace pour décrire le comportement non-linéaire de structures soumise à du frottement sec. / Noise and vibration are important topics in the automotive industry for several reasons, including passenger comfort and structural integrity. The main objective of this thesis is to propose a series of appropriate methods to optimize structural system characteristics, so that the vibration and noise can be reduced. To achieve this goal, interface control strategies are employed, including bonding viscoelastic layers onto the most heavily deformed zones and introducing frictional damping devices calibrated on certain resonance frequencies. Such built-up structural systems are numerically investigated via a generalized modal synthesis approach that incorporates several groups of modes. The employed modal synthesis approach consists of several levels of condensation. The first one is on the internal degrees of freedoms (DOFs) of each substructure, and the second condensation is on the branch modes so as to reduce the boundary DOFs among substructures. For coupled fluid-structural systems, a third condensation on the fluid DOFs is suggested. With these condensation techniques, the system dimension can be significantly reduced. The method allows us to obtain the forced response of the structures as well as the pressure variation of the fluids. Additionally, modal parameters characterizing vibration and noise transmission paths can be deduced as mid-stage results. We show that these modal parameters can be used as optimization objective during the interface configuration design. The Pareto front of the optimal design is achieved by employing Kriging approximations followed with an elitist multi-objective genetic algorithm. Another advantage of the modal approach is that a modal overview on the system characteristics is provided by analyzing the natural frequencies, modal damping ratios and the aforementioned modal parameters. The modal synthesis approach is further extended to study nonlinear systems. The basic assumption is that the nonlinear modes are weakly coupled. Nonlinear modal parameters, such as modal frequency and modal damping ratio, contain the essential nonlinear information and depend on modal amplitude. The main idea is to compute nonlinear normal modes according to their modal amplitude and superimpose the response of several nonlinear modes to obtain the overall forced response. The method is applied to systems involving Duffing and dry friction nonlinearities. In the case of dry friction, a generalized Masing model is considered to capture the dry friction nature. Both complex modes and real modes are used in the modal synthesis, leading to different frictional damping terms. We show that the nonlinear modal synthesis combined with the generalized Masing model yields a simple, fast and efficient numerical method to describe nonlinear performance of structures with dry friction.

Le présent travail de thèse porte sur la prédiction des efforts vibratoires transmis à l'interface entre deux structures mécaniques. L'étude relève de la dynamique des structures en basses fréquences et concerne des aspects relatifs à la modélisation de couplages structuraux, notamment en présence de paramètres incertains et d'aspects expérimentaux. Les équipements automobiles actifs sont des sources vibratoires qui agissent sur la structure d'accueil (souvent le châssis) sur laquelle ils sont montés. La maîtrise, a priori, du champ vibratoire (et donc acoustique) de l'assemblage, suppose la prédiction des efforts vibratoires à l'interface équipement/structure d'accueil. Le formalisme utilisé pour décrire le couplage entre sous-systèmes permet d'établir que la recherche, dans des situations pratiques, des efforts appliqués à l'accueil est un problème inverse. Une méthode prédictive des efforts est construite et validée par une mise en œuvre expérimentale. Pour que les efforts vibratoires transmis respectent un gabarit imposé a priori, un problème d'optimisation numérique de l'interface est proposé et résolu. Il sera montré que pour l'interface ainsi optimisée, la dispersion de la norme des efforts transmis est systématiquement plus faible que pour l'interface nominale. / The present doctoral thesis aims to predict vibratory forces transmitted at the interface between two mechanical structures. The study concerns structural dynamics in low frequency range and consists in modelling structural coupling in presence of uncertain parameters and experiments. Active automotive equipments are vibratory sources that cause vibrations on receiving structures (e.g a chassis) to which they are mounted. The control a priori of the vibratory field, and therefore acoustic field, of the assembled system supposes the prediction of vibratory forces at the interface. Practical situations show that the coupling strategy, used to predict forces acting on the receiver, leads to an inverse problem. In order to validate the predictions, they are compared with measurements. To comply with specifications regarding force magnitude, the interface between the two structures is optimized. It will be shown that in presence of the optimized interface, the dispersion of force magnitude is systematically lower than the dispersion in presence of the nominal interface.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vladimir R Lourenco.pdf: 578608 bytes, checksum: d18341cf72ffc06f0f5df7fd9f64b0f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-24 / The constitutional concept of real estate for the purpose of Municipal Real Estate Tax (IPTU) fiscal incidence has always been controversial. Many professors defend an extensive interpretation, to cover not only the real estate itself, but also possession, dominium utile, the fee-farm, the right of surface, to give only three examples of types of rights in rem. Others do not accept this interpretation. After a simple review of Hans Kelsen and Niklas Luhmann s theories, there have been two new approaches of possible and different interpretations of the proposed theme. In Kelsen, a systematic interpretation led to a restrictive conception of the term, but even so, it permitted to come to the conclusion that the municipal legislator does have competence to enlarge the basis of tax incidence beyond the restricted definition of real estate. In the same way, based on the the systems theory, specially on the instruments extremely well handled by Luhmann, such as the structural coupling of various systems (communication) and even sub-systems, we have observed, a tendency to a admit a generalized conception, making it more comprehensive, in the same way, the term property, to cover, as well, other institutes defined as rights in rem by the Civil Code, as follows: possession, trust, fee-farm, dominium utile, and also, the right in rem of concession, for a determined term, by a public deed, the right of surface, regulated by the articles 1.369 to 1.377 of the Civil Code of 2002. The Municipal Real Estate Tax, (IPTU), that must be created by the Municipalities, and the Federal District, has as its own characteristics the tax progressiveness and selectiveness (increase of the percentage considering the higher and lower value, situation and use of the real estate in question, and also being progressive in time, (with increase and progressive percentage, as a sanction for the cases the owner does not follow the city master plan, forcing the real estate to fulfill its social function). Its taxation basis, whose criteria, must be established by law, can be altered by a lower law instrument / O conceito constitucional de propriedade imobiliária para fim de incidência do IPTU sempre foi controvertido. Muitos doutrinadores sustentam uma interpretação extensiva, para abranger não só a propriedade em si, mas também a posse, o domínio útil, a enfiteuse, o direito de superfície, para ficarmos exemplicativamente apenas nessas espécies de direitos reais. Outros não a aceitam. Após singela revista emprestada às teorias de Hans Kelsen e Niklas Luhmann, experimentaram-se duas abordagens de possíveis e diferentes interpretações do tema proposto. Em Kelsen, uma interpretação sistemática conduziu à concepção restritiva do termo, mas, ainda assim, permitiu concluir gozar o legislador municipal da competência para alargar a base de incidência do imposto para além da definição estrita de propriedade. De igual modo, ancorado na teoria dos sistemas, especialmente nos instrumentais extremamente bem manejados por Luhmann, como o acoplamento estrutural entre os diversos sistemas (comunicação) e mesmo subsistemas, verificou-se uma tendência a admitir uma acepção lata, largueando-se, de modo idêntico, a expressão propriedade, para atingir, também, outros institutos definidos como direitos reais pelo Código Civil, a saber: a posse, a fidúcia, a enfiteuse, o domínio útil e, também, o direito real de concessão, por prazo determinado, por escritura pública, da superfície, regulado pelos artigos 1.369 a 1.377 do Código Civil de 2002. O Imposto sobre a Propriedade Predial e Territorial Urbana, que deve ser instituído pelos Municípios e pelo Distrito Federal, tem por característica a progressividade fiscal e a seletividade (aumento das alíquotas em função do maior ou menor valor, localização e uso do imóvel), podendo ainda ser progressivo no tempo (ter alíquotas crescentes e progressivas, de caráter sancionatório, para a hipótese de o proprietário não atender às disposições do plano diretor, fazendo com que o imóvel cumpra a sua função social). Sua base de cálculo, cujos critérios devem ser fixados em lei, pode ser alterada por instrumento infralegal

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-07-10T13:21:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicolau Cardoso Neto_.pdf: 4708309 bytes, checksum: 1dd8c22aad711af3486a701ea6beea21 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T13:21:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicolau Cardoso Neto_.pdf: 4708309 bytes, checksum: 1dd8c22aad711af3486a701ea6beea21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / Nenhuma / A presente Tese apresenta uma abordagem acerca da identificação da ocorrência de acoplamento estrutural entre as operações dos Subsistemas Jurídico Ambiental e Jurídico de Saúde do Sistema Jurídico Brasileiro. Para tanto, utilizou-se a água com qualidade e potável para o consumo humano como operação para compreender se ocorrem irritações entre as estruturas dos referidos subsistemas. Emprega-se como teoria de base os Sistemas Sociais de Niklas Luhmann, em especial O Direito da Sociedade, para a realização de autodescrição dos subsistemas para então aplicar a comparação e a identificação das irritações entre as estruturas que provocam o acoplamento estrutural. É empregado o método de abordagem Sistêmico, com a intenção de realizar comparação entre os subsistemas por meio da realização de autorreferência de vinte e quatro normas. Também foram empregados os métodos de Procedimento Comparativo e Funcionalista, e as técnicas de pesquisa Bibliográfica e Legislativa com o intuito de verificar as semelhanças e/ou divergências e sua funcionalidade, de forma a possibilitar a identificação das operações e estruturas de cada um dos subsistemas. Os resultados demonstraram a ocorrência de acoplamento estrutural entre os Subsistemas quanto à operacionalização da proteção do meio ambiente e da execução de ações de saúde no que se refere ao tema água com qualidade ao identificar-se a irritação das operações. Evidenciou-se que as estruturas acopladas realizam operações apoiadas em objetivos, princípios, diretrizes e sistemas de fiscalização e controle sobre o mesmo objeto, quanto à intenção de ofertar qualidade de vida para a população, por meio de processos e condições que procuram garantir qualidade para a água; seja no espaço natural sobre a utilização dos recursos naturais ou mesmo sobre aqueles de prestação de serviço de acesso a água que visam proteger os recursos hídricos de forma a disporem sobre maneiras de gestão e proteção desta para que possua qualidade para diferentes usos, e, consequentemente, segurança para ser servida como potável para o consumo realizado pela população. Dessa forma, foi confirmada a hipótese principal desse estudo, qual seja, a ocorrência de acoplamento de operações das estruturas do Subsistema Jurídico Ambiental, relacionadas à qualidade de vida da população brasileira por meio da proteção do meio ambiente, e do Subsistema Jurídico de Saúde, quanto à prática de prevenção e controle dos fatores de risco à saúde decorrentes do meio ambiente que possam prejudicar a qualidade de vida da população. / The present thesis presents an approach on identifying the occurrence of structural coupling between operations of the Legal Environmental Subsystems and Legal Health of the Brazilian Legal System. Therefore, it was used quality water, safe for human consumption as an operation to understand if there are irritations between the structures of these subsystems. The Social Systems of Niklas Luhmann's are used as the base theory, in particular the Law as a Social System, for self-description of the subsystems in order to apply the comparison and identification of the irritations between the structures that cause the structural coupling. The method of systemic approach was used, intending as a comparison between the subsystems by performing twenty-four rules of self-referencing. Methods of Comparative and Functionalist Procedure and the techniques of Bibliographic and Legislative research were also used in order to verify the similarities and/or divergences and their functionality, allowing the identification of the operations and structures of each subsystem. The results demonstrated the occurrence of structural coupling between subsystems on the implementation of environmental protection and the implementation of health actions on the theme quality of water, by identifying the irritation of operations. It was evidenced that the coupled structures perform operations based on objectives, principles, guidelines and monitoring systems and control over the same object, about the intention of offering quality of life for the population, by means of processes and conditions that seek to guarantee quality of water; be it, in natural environment when of the use of natural resources or even on those providing water access services which aim to protect the water resources in order to provide the ways of managing and protecting its quality for different uses, and, consequently, the security for it to be safely provided for population consumption. Thus, the main hypothesis of this study was confirmed, that is, the occurrence of coupling operations on the structures of the Legal Environmental Subsystem, related to the quality of life of the Brazilian population by means of protection of the environment, and, of the Legal Subsystem of Health, as for the practice of prevention and control of health risk factors resulting in an environment that could cause prejudice to the quality of life of the population.

Text in Afrikaans / In die studie word die ontwikkelingspad van 'n Newtoniaanse benadering na 'n ekosistemiese benadering in die denke van die navorser en lewering van pleegsorgdienste deur die maatskaplike werker/navorser, beskryf. In die beskrywing is gefokus op drie beginsels elk van die Newtoniaanse - en die ekosistemiese benaderings. Die gekose beginsels is met 'n gevallestudie geillustreer. Aan die ha d van die beginsels van die ekosistemiese benadering word 'n konsepsuele raamwerk gebied waardeur die outonomie van mense en sisteme in stand gehou en gebruik kan word. Volgens tweede orde kubernetika, is die studie die konstruksie van die navorser. Pleegsorg is 'n komplekse alternatiewe versorgingsposisie vir 'n kind en die lewering van begeleidingsdienste stel besondere eise aan die professionele persone betrokke. Hierdie studie suggereer dat pleegsorgdienste wat aan die hand van die ekosistemiese benadering gelewer word, 'n konstruksie van gedeelde verantwoordelikheid tussen al die betrokke partye voorstel. / Social Work / M. A. (Social Science: Mental Health)

Text in Afrikaans / In die studie word die ontwikkelingspad van 'n Newtoniaanse benadering na 'n ekosistemiese benadering in die denke van die navorser en lewering van pleegsorgdienste deur die maatskaplike werker/navorser, beskryf. In die beskrywing is gefokus op drie beginsels elk van die Newtoniaanse - en die ekosistemiese benaderings. Die gekose beginsels is met 'n gevallestudie geillustreer. Aan die ha d van die beginsels van die ekosistemiese benadering word 'n konsepsuele raamwerk gebied waardeur die outonomie van mense en sisteme in stand gehou en gebruik kan word. Volgens tweede orde kubernetika, is die studie die konstruksie van die navorser. Pleegsorg is 'n komplekse alternatiewe versorgingsposisie vir 'n kind en die lewering van begeleidingsdienste stel besondere eise aan die professionele persone betrokke. Hierdie studie suggereer dat pleegsorgdienste wat aan die hand van die ekosistemiese benadering gelewer word, 'n konstruksie van gedeelde verantwoordelikheid tussen al die betrokke partye voorstel. / Social Work / M. A. (Social Science: Mental Health)

La théorie des systèmes autopoïétiques, lancée par les biologistes Humberto Maturana et Francisco J. Varela, permet de décrire scientifiquement les principes organisationnels communs à tous les êtres vivants. Les principes autopoïétiques s’appliquent aussi, à l’état formel, à la vie psychique et à la vie sociale, comme le sociologue Niklas Luhmann a pu le montrer. Puisque la psychanalyse et la psychothérapie analytique se situent au carrefour du psychique et du relationnel, nous cherchons à expliciter les principes autopoïétiques qui sous-tendent leur théorie et leur pratique. En ce sens, la thèse est une comparaison critique des aspects essentiels de la psychothérapie analytique avec les principes généraux du vivant. Le travail se divise en trois chapitres, présentés sous forme d’articles scientifiques théoriques. Dans le premier chapitre, nous montrons comment le cadre et le processus analytique entretiennent une relation symbiotique, à la manière de la relation qu’entretient la membrane cellulaire avec les organites qu’elle contient. Ce faisant, nous mettons en évidence la clôture opérationnelle du cadre-processus analytique et nous argumentons que cela en fait un système social autopoïétique à part entière. Nous soulignons ensuite comment cette conceptualisation redéfinit la tâche éthique et pratique du clinicien, qui doit veiller à limiter les risques que l’environnement psychothérapeutique fait courir à l’autonomie du cadre-processus analytique. Nous poursuivons dans le second chapitre l’exploration des conséquences de notre proposition, à savoir que le clinicien et le patient puissent être amenés à nuire ou à résister au cadre-processus ; et que le cadre-processus, comme système autonome, puisse être lui-aussi amené à résister à ses participants. Il s’ensuit un besoin de comprendre les rapports de résistance entre ces systèmes, nous amenant à nous appuyer fermement sur le concept de couplage structurel issu de la théorie des systèmes autopoïétiques. Ce point de vue relance la réflexion sur le rôle de la subjectivité et de l’intersubjectivité en thérapie analytique et nous amène à privilégier une attitude clinique valorisant l’interaction autonome de tous les systèmes impliqués. Le troisième chapitre s’attaque de front à la question du transfert et du contre-transfert qui se profilait déjà à travers les chapitres précédents. En insistant sur le caractère radicalement inconscient du (contre)transfert, nous en proposons une redéfinition comme une forme particulière de couplage structurel entre les participants de la psychothérapie. En nous appuyant sur cette conceptualisation nouvelle, nous approfondissons la notion de communication analytique afin d’en montrer le potentiel thérapeutique. La recherche se termine par une contextualisation de ses principales conclusions dans le domaine plus large des soins de santé mentale. Enfin, nous soulignons non seulement les avantages et les limites de la thèse, mais également ses potentialités futures, comme l’ouverture vers une théorie générale de la psychothérapie. / The theory of autopoietic systems, pioneered by biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco J. Varela, makes it possible to scientifically describe the organizing principles common to all living beings. Autopoietic principles also formally extend to psychic and social life, as argued the sociologist Niklas Luhmann. Since psychoanalysis and analytic psychotherapy are grounded in both the psychic and the relational domain, we aim to explicit the autopoietic principles underlying their theory and practice. In this respect, the thesis compares the essential aspects of analytic psychotherapy with the general principles of living systems. The work is divided into three chapters, presented as theoretical scientific articles. The first chapter shows how the analytic setting and analytic process maintain a symbiotic relationship, much like the relationship between the cell membrane and the organelles it contains. We thus describe the operational closure of the setting-process and argue that this makes it a full-fledged autopoietic social system. We then draw attention to how this conceptualization redefines the ethical and practical task of the clinician, who must limit the risk of environmental pressures disrupting the autonomy of the analytic setting-process. In the second chapter, we continue to explore the consequences of our proposal, arguing that the clinician and the patient may resist the setting-process of analytic psychotherapy; and that the setting-process, as an autonomous system, can also resist its participants. There follows a need to understand the resistances between these systems, leading us to rely on the concept of structural coupling derived from the theory of autopoietic systems. This original point of view fuels reflection on the role of subjectivity and intersubjectivity in analytical therapy and leads us to favor a clinical position that values the autonomous interaction of all the systems involved. The third chapter tackles head-on the problem of transference and countertransference that has already been looming over the previous chapters. By insisting on the radically unconscious character of (counter) transference, we suggest redefining it as a particular form of structural coupling between the participants of psychotherapy. From this new conceptualization, we deepen the notion of analytic communication and highlight its therapeutic potential. The research ends with a contextualization of its main findings in the broader field of mental health care. Finally, we underline not only the advantages and the limits of the thesis, but also future possibilities such as moving towards a general theory of psychotherapy.