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This dissertation explores the relationship between Christian spirituality and the general wellbeing of the individual. To this end a literature review is conducted, as well as qualitative interviews with eleven individuals in the Cape Town area (South Africa). Snowball sampling was used to gain access to these eleven research participants who fitted the criteria of adults exhibiting a particular Christian lifestyle. The literature review revealed that nurturing, non-punitive religion has been associated with mental and physical health and that active participation in church activities that enhance a person’s social support system is beneficial. The qualitative interviews yielded the finding that those interviewees who had positive experiences with Christian spirituality during their childhood regard it as a significant contributor to meaning, hope and happiness in their lives. / Christian Spirituality Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

Over the last decades the weight has increased in the Norwegian population. Report no 16 to the Storting, “Prescription for a healthier Norway”, expresses concern for this development and defines important areas of commitment to prevent a further increase in health problems like diabetes 2 and other lifestyle related diseases. The foci described above are all justified by figures and statistical surveys. The dominant approach towards lifestyle related diseases is closely connected with Western medicine. The main tendency in the recommendations is primarily presenting overweight and obesity as something negative and problematic.  This study focuses on self-assessment and self-perception of people that are overweight as well as those of normal weight. The aim is to reveal the collective understanding in a local community that struggles to avoid a further weight-gain in its population. This thesis seeks to, shed light on how the weight- evolvement in the Norwegian society influence peoples individual self-image and body perception. A local community in Norway (“Libygda”) defined by media, some years ago, as the most overweight local community in the country, constitutes the basis for this thesis. Methods like fieldwork, multistage focus group interviews and individual interviews (all carried out in “Libygda”) were used. The main focus in all the approaches is the bottom up strategy gained through the research approach Co-operative Inquiry which implies that both researcher and participants together search to gain insight and new experiential knowledge. In this case about individual health perception, body and identity. The data material is analyzed mainly through Life Mode-Theory, and theories of social capital (and other theories from the Social Science field). Methodological and theoretical approaches within Public Health Work are mainly based in Health Science, whereas this thesis has Social Science (Sociology and Social Anthropology) as its point of departure. The thesis will by its perspective aim to complement the traditional Health Science and offer a supplemental approach to the Science of Public Health. This thesis describes how experience-based perspectives on health and body exist side by side with the medical and Public Health Science perspective. This implies that there exists a parallel understanding of reality, which is rarely focused on by health professionals. If Public Health Work should gain a greater impact on peoples’ everyday life, these experience based and folk perspectives must be taken into consideration and accepted by professionals as relevant. / De siste tiårene har vekten økt i den norske befolkningen. Stortingsmelding nr 16 ”Resept for et sunnere Norge” uttrykker uro for denne utviklingen og definerer viktige satsningsområder for å hindre en økning i antallet diabetes 2 og andre livsstilsrelaterte sykdommer. Satsningsområdene beskrevet over er alle basert på og dokumentert ved statistiske undersøkelser. Hovedtendensen i anbefalingene har som utgangspunkt at overvekt og fedme er assosiert med noe negativt og problematisk. Denne avhandlingens fokus er den subjektive selvoppfatningen til både normalvektige og overvektige. Hensikten er å avdekke den kollektive forståelsen av helse og et godt liv i et lokalsamfunn med overvektsutfordringer i befolkningen. Avhandlingen søker å belyse hvordan vektøkning i det norske samfunnet påvirker individers selvbilde og kroppsforståelse, og hvordan dette speiles på lokalsamfunnsnivå. Et lokalsamfunn i Sør-Norge (”Libygda”), definert av media rundt tusenårsskiftet som den mest overvektige kommunen i Norge, danner utgangspunktet for denne studien. Metoder som feltarbeid, deltagende observasjon, flerstegs fokusgruppeintervju, individuelle intervjuer (alt uført i ”Libygda”) blir benyttet. Hovedfokuset i de metodiske tilnærmingene er en nedenfra-og-opp inngang inspirert av handlingsorientert forskningssamarbeid, hvor både forsker og deltakere sammen søker ny innsikt og erfaringskunnskap om individuell og kollektiv helseoppfatning, kroppsforståelse og identitet. Datamaterialet blir analysert i lys av livsformteori, sosial kapital og andre relevante samfunnsvitenskapelige teorier. Metodiske og teoretiske tilnærminger innen folkehelsearbeidet er ofte knyttet til helseforskningen, mens denne avhandlingen har et samfunnsvitenskapelig (sosiologi og sosialantropologi) utgangspunkt. Avhandlingens perspektiv søker å komplementere tradisjonell helseforskning med en erfaringsbasert tilnærming til folkehelsevitenskapen. Avhandlingen beskriver hvordan erfaringsbaserte og folkelige perspektiver på helse og kropp lever side om side med den medisinske og folkehelsevitenskaplige. Dette innebærer at det eksisterer en parallell forståelse av virkeligheten, som sjelden blir tillagt vekt eller fokusert av helsepersonell eller akademia. Hvis folkehelsearbeid skal få større innflytelse og gjennomslagskraft i menneskers hverdagsliv, må disse erfaringsbaserte og folkelige perspektivene inkluderes av fagfolk.

The three chapters of this thesis investigate different aspects of the economics of health and wellbeing. The first chapter tests the rationality of life satisfaction forecasts. Contrary to the rational expectations hypothesis it shows that young people and those who are satisfied strongly overpredict future life satisfaction while the elderly and the unsatisfied strongly underpredict it. The second chapter is about how wealth shocks affect the health of retirees in the US. Results indicate strongly positive effects on physical health, mental health and mortality. The third chapter analyzes the effects of graduating in an unfavorable economic environment on graduates' subsequent income, health insurance and mortality. It finds that recession graduates have significantly lower incomes and worse health insurance coverage. And during the outbreak of the HIV/AIDS epidemic AIDS mortality has been significantly higher among these unlucky cohorts. / Los tres capítulos de esta tesis doctoral investigan aspectos de la economía del bienestar y de la salud. El primer capítulo pone a prueba la racionalidad de las predicciones de las personas respecto a la satisfacción global que experimentarán con su vida en el futuro. Se muestra que, en contra de la hipótesis de expectativas racionales, las predicciones de los jóvenes y de quien está satisfecho con su vida son más altas que los niveles de satisfacción realizados posteriormente, mientras las predicciones de las personas mayores y de quien no está satisfecho con su vida son más bajas que los niveles posteriormente experimentados. El segundo capítulo investiga cómo los cambios exógenos de riqueza afectan la salud de una muestra de jubilados en los EEUU. Los resultados indican efectos positivos de la riqueza sobre la salud, tanto física como mental, y un efecto negativo sobre la mortalidad. El tercer capítulo analiza los efectos de graduarse de la universidad en un entorno económico recesivo sobre la salud, la riqueza, y la mortalidad. Graduarse en tiempos de recesión tiene efectos negativos persistentes sobre el salario, la cobertura médica, y - durante la epidemia del SIDA - tambien sobre la mortalidad.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcelo Soares Januario.pdf: 2425247 bytes, checksum: 0dbe9636c7507acbb023436a4286ac0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / There are indications that social resources of the working environment, including organizational justice, could affect ties with the work, and have shocked the levels of well-being of workers. In addition, evidence suggests that certain psychological characteristics of workers would vary positively or negatively influence the magnitude of the resources on the links with work and on well-being. Based on this evidence this study aimed to analyze the influence of organizational justice (distributive, procedures and interactional) and psychological capital on engagement at work and subjective well-being (emotional balance and life satisfaction). From the main goal, four hypotheses have been proposed: perception of organizational justice increases engagement at work (H1) and subjective well-being (H2); psychological capital was moderator of the relationship between organizational justice and subjective well-being (H3) and the relationship between organizational justice and engagement (H4), and that high levels of psychological capital would strengthen relations. The design was a cross-sectional quantitative, descriptive and non-probability sampling. From a sample of 293 workers with an average age of 38.3 (SD = 10.7) years, of which slightly more than half were women (56.3pc), coming from all regions of Brazil, predominantly in the Southeast (65.2pc) was measured with valid and accurate scales, through an online questionnaire, the organizational justice levels, psychological capital, engagement at work and subjective well-being. Two sets of multiple linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses were performed. In the first set of analyzes, the results of standard multiple linear regressions indicated that organizational justice influenced the levels of engagement at work and subjective well-being, and, in relation to engagement and emotional balance, only the interactional dimension of justice was significant predictor while distributive justice was the only significant predictor of life satisfaction. In the second set of analyzes, the hierarchical multiple linear regressions for each dimension of organizational justice, along with psychological capital and interaction term upon engagement at work and subjective well-being, they indicated that psychological capital moderated the relations of procedural justice and interactional justice on engagement at work. It was concluded from the results that the perception of being adequately remunerated for their efforts at work, participate in decisions that affect the work and be treated with respect and sincerity can influence the levels of pride and inspiration at work, engagement features, and may increase the subjective well-being levels, contributing to the prevailing experience of positive affect and positive satisfaction ratings with life. Moreover, although it is not possible to say that workers with higher levels of belief in their ability to perform their tasks and with good prospects for the future, can do without fair environments to engage in work, the results showed that these workers can suffer less influence of interactional and procedural justice to establish that bond with their work, demonstrating that these personal characteristics would act as shock absorbers given the lack of environmental resources. / Há indicativos de que recursos sociais do ambiente de trabalho, entre eles justiça organizacional, poderiam influenciar vínculos com o trabalho, além de impactarem os níveis de bem-estar dos trabalhadores. Além disso, evidências apontam que certas características psicológicas dos trabalhadores fariam variar positiva ou negativamente a magnitude da influência dos recursos sobre os vínculos com o trabalho e sobre bem-estar. Com base nessas evidências esse estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar a influência de justiça organizacional (distributiva, procedimentos e interacional) e capital psicológico sobre engajamento no trabalho e bem-estar subjetivo (balanço emocional e satisfação com a vida). A partir do objetivo principal, foram propostas quatro hipóteses: percepção de justiça organizacional aumenta o engajamento no trabalho (H1) e bem-estar subjetivo (H2); capital psicológico seria moderador da relação entre justiça organizacional e bem-estar subjetivo (H3) e da relação entre justiça organizacional e engajamento (H4), sendo que, níveis altos de capital psicológico fortaleceriam as relações. O delineamento utilizado foi de natureza quantitativa transversal, descritiva e com amostragem não probabilística. A partir de uma amostra composta por 293 trabalhadores com média de idade de 38,3 (DP=10,7) anos, dos quais um pouco mais da metade era composta por mulheres (56,3pc), oriundos de todas as regiões do Brasil, com predomínio da região Sudeste (65,2pc), mediu-se com escalas válidas e precisas, por meio de um questionário online, os níveis de justiça organizacional, capital psicológico, engajamento no trabalho e bem-estar subjetivo. Foram realizados dois conjuntos de análises de regressão linear múltipla para teste das hipóteses. No primeiro conjunto de análises, os resultados das regressões lineares múltiplas padrão indicaram que justiça organizacional influenciou os níveis de engajamento no trabalho e bem-estar subjetivo, sendo que, em relação a engajamento e balanço emocional, apenas a dimensão interacional da justiça foi preditora significativa, enquanto justiça distributiva foi a única preditora significativa de satisfação com a vida. No segundo conjunto de análises, as regressões lineares múltiplas hierárquicas de cada dimensão de justiça organizacional, juntamente com capital psicológico e termo de interação sobre engajamento no trabalho e sobre bem-estar subjetivo, indicaram que capital psicológico moderou as relações entre justiça de procedimentos e justiça interacional com engajamento no trabalho. Concluiu-se a partir dos resultados que a percepção de ser remunerado adequadamente pelos esforços no trabalho, participar das decisões que afetam o trabalho e ser tratado com respeito e sinceridade pode influenciar os níveis de orgulho e inspiração no trabalho, características de engajamento, além de poder aumentar os níveis de bem-estar subjetivo, contribuindo para a vivência predominante de afetos positivos e de avaliações positivas da satisfação com a vida. Além disso, apesar de não ser possível afirmar que trabalhadores com maiores níveis de crenças em sua capacidade para executar suas tarefas e com perspectivas positivas em relação ao futuro, possam prescindir de ambientes justos para se engajarem no trabalho, os resultados demonstraram que esses trabalhadores podem sofrer menos influência de justiça de procedimentos e interacional para estabelecerem esse vínculo com seu trabalho, demonstrando que essas características pessoais funcionariam como amortecedores diante da falta de recursos do ambiente.

This dissertation explores the relationship between Christian spirituality and the general wellbeing of the individual. To this end a literature review is conducted, as well as qualitative interviews with eleven individuals in the Cape Town area (South Africa). Snowball sampling was used to gain access to these eleven research participants who fitted the criteria of adults exhibiting a particular Christian lifestyle. The literature review revealed that nurturing, non-punitive religion has been associated with mental and physical health and that active participation in church activities that enhance a person’s social support system is beneficial. The qualitative interviews yielded the finding that those interviewees who had positive experiences with Christian spirituality during their childhood regard it as a significant contributor to meaning, hope and happiness in their lives. / Christian Spirituality Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Christian Spirituality)

The main topic of the diploma thesis "Subjective wellbeing: approaches and evaluation in EU-15 and in the Czech Republic" is the subjective wellbeing and its conceptualization, especially the importance of this concept in the field of measurement and assessment of the progress and of the development of societies, which are sustainable. The thesis analyses the documents, which are published in the countries of EU-15 to cover the topic of the national strategies for sustainable development. The analysis considers the extent of the relevance of these documents from the perspective of including the concept of subjective wellbeing (with happiness, quality of life, satisfaction) in the texts and it also examines the wellbeig indicators, which are implemented in these texts and which are relative to the factors with certain influence on the level of personal or social wellbeing. The analysis is interested in the study of Czech documents relevant to this topic as well (The Czech Republic's Strategic Framework for Sustainable Development and Progress report). The aim of this particular study is to identify the expressed explicit and also implicit signs of the subjective wellbeing. The last part of the analysis tries to answer the question, whether the required data, which can be used for the construction of...

<p>Tourism is typically a hedonic product, and its consumption promotes positive psychology and wellbeing. Industry practitioners and academics have long been advocating sustainable practices and experiences that promote the health and wellness benefits of tourism. Indeed, studies that support designing tourism experiences with positive social and wellness outcomes are needed to better leverage design factors in delivering, communicating, and sustaining the health-related benefits of the tourism experiences. Food is an integral part of the overall tourism experience and has important implications for tourists’ pleasure and wellbeing. Thus, it is important to identify the factors that contribute to a better wellness value of the tourist food experience. </p> <p>Using a multi-qualitative method, the first study explored the communal dining experiences of solo travelers. The results indicate that solo traveler communal dining is affected by many motivations (e.g., socialization and authenticity seeking) and constraints (e.g., safety and health concerns). Other factors that were found to affect communal dining include socio-demographic factors (age, gender, cultural background, previous experiences, and extroversion); other diners’ factors (e.g., attitudes and behaviors, perceived similarity, and cultural barriers); dining place-related factors (e.g., social environment, entertainment, and employees openness); and situation-related factors (food quality, environment safety, group composition, communal dining vibes, and dining time). This study found that communal dining triggers four experiential domains: sensory, intellectual, affective, and behavioral which could result in a transformative and wellness value for solo travelers. Under the right circumstances, communal dining triggers a process of self-change that results in personal and social transformations. </p> <p>Continuing to examine the social experiences of solo travelers, the second study empirically examined the impact of the emotional display of fellow diners on solo travelers’ affect and perceived interpersonal relations during communal dining. The scenario-based experiment showed that other diners' display of emotions influenced solo traveler's affect and rapport perceptions in communal dining. Additionally, fellow communal table diners’ characteristics including their ingroup status and perceived similarity can play a role in impacting solo travelers’ communal dining experience. The perceived similarity was found to act as a trigger or “catalyst” for communal dining experience formation for solo travelers. Further, a positive influence of affect and rapport on solo travelers’ subjective wellbeing was noted.</p> <p>The third study examined the phenomenon of tourist food sharing. The study used experimental design to empirically examine the impact of food sharing on tourists’ interpersonal relationship development, sense of authenticity, and subjective wellbeing. The two experiments showed that tourist food sharing improves interpersonal relationships, tourist perceptions of experience authenticity, and wellbeing. Two culturally divergent tourist groups were compared: U.S. tourists and Chinese tourists. The results showed that U.S. tourists evaluated food sharing higher regarding its impact on authenticity and wellbeing than their Chinese counterparts. </p>

Gleichzeitig mit der weit verbreiteten Verwendung von traditionellen einkommens- oder konsumbasierten Maßnahmen zur Messung menschlicher Armut und Entwicklung gibt es seit den späten 70er Jahren zunehmendes Interesse an der Ökonomie des Glücks. Ebenso gibt es einen breiten Literaturbereich, der Indizes definiert und diskutiert hat, die „functionings" auf der Grundlage des „Capabilities Approach“ von Sen (1985) auf sich vereinen, welche auf einer Vielzahl von ideologischen Urteilen und Zielen zur Bestimmung des objektiven Wohlbefindens (1984), S. 187) beruhen. Beide Ansätze sind ähnlich in ihrer Prämisse, dass Einkommen oft eine unzureichende Determinante des Wohlbefindens ist – ein latenter Begriff, dass besser mit anderen, breiteren Definitionen- subjektiv oder objektiviert- erfasst wird. Beide Konzepte des Wohlbefindens wurden im Hinblick auf ihr Verhältnis zum Einkommen untersucht, und es wurde ein klarer Unterschied zwischen Einkommen und diesen beiden Maßnahmen festgestellt. Angesichts der relativen Neuheit und Komplexität beider Ansätze sind sie jedoch bislang selten in wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten zusammengebracht worden. Den dritten Aufsatz in dieser Arbeit ist ein Versuch, diese beiden Ansätze zu kombinieren und damit diese Lücke in der Literatur zu erfüllen. Subjektives Wohlbefinden wird mit verfügbaren Daten, die Zufriedenheit messen, festelegt, während das objektive Wohlbefinden durch einen Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) operationalisiert wird (Alkire & Santos, 2010). Der MPI ist einer der neuesten Versuche zur Messung des menschlichen Wohlbefindens im Rahmen des Capabilities Approach. Die Entwicklungspolitik erkennt ebenfalls graduell diese Maße als eine genauere Beschreibung des Wohlbefindens an, oder betrachtet diese zumindest als eine sinnvolle Ergänzung zu metrisch-monetären Maßen. Angesichts der vielen nationalen und internationalen Programme, die eine umfassende Verbesserung des menschlichen Wohlbefindens zum Ziel haben, gibt es erstaunlich wenige Arbeiten, die dazu beitragen können, die Auswirkungen eines bestimmten Programms auf das allgemeine Wohlbefinden und nicht nur auf eine bestimmte Dimension zu quantifizieren und zu bewerten. Der zweite Aufsatz in dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich kritisch mit diesem Ansatz und betrachtet dabei den besonderen Fall Südafrikas. Aufgrund der steigenden Beliebtheit der mehrdimensionalen Armutsmaße besteht ein zunehmender Bedarf an einer Überprüfung ihrer grundlegenden Eigenschaft, ebendies zu erreichen. Eine wachsende Zahl von Forschern hat sich mit den Problemen beschäftigt, die ein zusammengesetztes Maß wie der MPI mit sich bringen kann und dessen Fähigkeit zur Messung multidimensionalen Wohlbefindens beeinträchtigen kann. Ein bestimmter Aspekt ist hierbei die Gewichtung der einzelnen Dimensionen und Indikatoren, um Armut über verschiedene Regionen hinweg zu definieren. Diese Dissertation schafft in Aufsatz eins eine Brücke zwischen den statistischen Methoden und den optimalen Gewichtungsschemata, die speziell zur Messung des multidimensionalen Wohlbefindens in verschiedenen Ländern genutzt werden können.