Syftet med denna studie var att utifrån olika kvalitetsnormer jämföra och analysera skillnader mellan professionella undertextares undertexter och amatörers undertexter. Dialogen från fyra filmer parades med motsvarande undertexter av professionella undertextare så väl som av amatörer, varpå skillnader registrerades, viktades samt analyserades. Resultaten visar att det föreligger signifikanta skillnader mellan undertexter av professionella undertextare och amatörer på ett flertal punkter, som till exempel struktur och semantik, reduktion och expansion, antal tecken, antal ord, exponeringstid samt antal undertextenheter. Genomgående så översätter amatörerna originaldialogen mer ord-för-ord än vad de professionella undertextarna gör, samtidigt som de professionella undertextarna stryker stora delar av dialogen, vilket innebär att tittare som använder amatörundertexter får betydligt mer text att läsa, vilket i sin tur innebär att mindre tid ägnas åt filmernas bildmässiga innehåll.

France has long had its foreign audiovisual material dubbed. If this is due to an attempt to conserve the French language, there should also be similar concern with foreign cultural references. This essay uses qualitative analyses of extralinguistic references to discover if a so-called domesticating practice is notable also in French subtitling. Sweden, however, is a smaller country, and may be considered more Americanized culturally. Swedish subtitling is used as the more globalized counterpart. This research cites instances in which extralinguistic references are made and how they are subsequently dealt with in the translated subtitles. The instances are singled out and then individually analyzed. Using four categories of translation methods for Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs), this study investigates whether translation norms differ between Swedish and French subtitles. This study‘s most important finding is that there do seem to be different norms for Swedish and French subtitles and that the francophone target audience is not required to move so far from its domestic reference frame as is the Swedish target audience. Another important finding is that while there are both quantitative and qualitative differences, there are also striking similarities on the statistical level, indicating that there are global norms that govern translation in general, and specifically subtitling. The results are interesting for the discussion around which ECRs are domesticated, but also for further sociolinguistic analyses of French domestication.

For those who are not new to the world of Japanese animation, known mainly as anime, the debate of "dub vs. sub" is by no means anything out of the ordinary, but rather a very heated argument amongst fans. The study will focus on the differences in the US English version between the two approaches of translating audio-visual media, namely subtitling (official subtitles and fanmade subtitles) and dubbing, in a qualitative context. More precisely, which of the two approaches can store the most information from the same audiovisual segment, in order to satisfy the needs of the anime audience. In order to draw substantial conclusions, the analysis will be conducted on a corpus of 1 episode from the first season of the popular mid-nineties TV animated series, Sailor Moon. The main objective of this research is to analyze the three versions and compare the findings to what anime fans expect each of them to provide, in terms of how culture specific terms are handled, how accurate the translation is, localization, censorship, and omission. As for the fans’ opinions, the study will include a survey regarding the personal preference of fans when it comes to choosing between the official subtitled version, the fanmade subtitles and the dubbed version.

This thesis focuses on translation norms of professional and amateur film subtitles. Adopting a descriptive approach, it first tries to establish recommended and actual technical and linguistic norms of translated film subtitles. Then, based on 109 films and corresponding 133 amateur and 101 professional subtitles, it quantitatively investigates which technical norms are actually upheld. The result is that actual technical norms of both groups are markedly different from the recommended ones and also slightly different from each other. Last, it qualitatively compares one amateur and one professional subtitles. Keywords: audiovisual translation, subtitling, amateur translation, fansubbing, translation norms 1

Contemporary scholars have been studying audiovisual translation for the past twenty years. However, health communication has never yet been included as a part of the audiovisual material under discussion. The goal of this thesis is to create Russian subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing from the original English version of The Three Amigos, a series of PSAs (Public service announcements) regarding the prevention of HIV/AIDS, and to analyse and discuss the theoretical and practical aspects of this work. After analysing the current situation on HIV/AIDS in Russia and Belarus, I use this series entitled The Three Amigos as an example of health communication that works, and therefore, should be accessible to more viewers. The thesis is organised into three chapters. Following a general introduction, Chapter 1 discusses health communication, presents statistics on HIV/AIDS in Russia and Belarus, and provides an example of health communication that fulfills its functions – public service announcements on HIV/AIDS prevention in the form of The Three Amigos. Chapter 2 discusses the necessity of subtitling for the target audience, and emphasises the fact that people with hearing impairment need special subtitles that differ from the ones that are suitable for viewers without hearing impairment. Chapter 3 contains the analysis of the subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing that I created for this project. Finally, the conclusion summarises the findings of this research, and addresses possible directions for future projects on this topic.

In this survey, a number of recent studies were reviewed to assess the impact of using assistive technology in teaching students diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The survey investigates the possible beneficial effects of such technology in terms of academic learning as well as in terms of social integration of students in the years 4-6 (ages 9 -13). The role of Autism Spectrum Disorder in limiting the learning abilities and social skills of diagnosed students is covered, explaining the factors most relevant within this context. Recent studies were chosen as they dealt with more recent technological tools that are relevant today, with the exclusion of older forms of technology that are deemed obsolete. The different forms of technology used in these studies are taken into consideration, both simple and advanced forms were reviewed, and the results were examined critically. In addition, different sample sizes were also considered, ranging from single cases to relatively bigger samples. The findings do confirm that the use of assistive technology does help improve the social and academic performance of autistic students to varying degrees and that improvements are felt by the educators as well as parents and caregivers. Attention was given to the factors influencing the choice of the technological tools used in assisting autistic students. The survey further considers the limitations and setbacks that can occur with the use of technology

Si bien ha estado tradicionalmente asociado al acceso a espacios físicos, el concepto de accesibilidad comprende también la integración social y cultural de las personas con discapacidad. Una manera de lograrlo es mediante la accesibilidad a productos audiovisuales. En países como Estados Unidos, España o Finlandia, se han registrado propuestas y estudios de subtítulos para personas con discapacidad auditiva tanto en la televisión, el cine y los videojuegos, pero muy pocas en el teatro. En el Perú, tanto las propuestas como los estudios de traducción para la accesibilidad en cualquier ámbito son escasos. Recientemente, en el año 2019, el Teatro Británico ha empezado a ofrecer funciones de teatro inclusivas para personas con discapacidad auditiva. La difusión de productos culturales accesibles en el Perú es un servicio nuevo y no existen estudios al respecto. Por ello, el presente estudio busca analizar la recepción de los subtítulos para personas sordas de la obra teatral Hedda, producida por el Teatro Británico. Nuestra investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo, pues busca describir la recepción de esta obra accesible por un grupo de diez participantes con discapacidad auditiva. A través de una encuesta, se conocerá su perfil sociocultural y sus reacciones y comprensión frente a la obra subtitulada. De esta manera, se busca establecer un diálogo entre las perspectivas de la teoría sobre el estudio de la recepción del subtitulado para sordos de obras teatrales y los resultados de su aplicación en la práctica desde la perspectiva de la comunidad sorda. / Although it has traditionally been associated with access to physical spaces, the concept of accessibility also includes the social and cultural integration of people with disability. One way to achieve this is through accessibility to audiovisual products. Proposals and studies regarding subtitles for the hearing impaired have been registered in countries such as the United States, Spain or Finland, both on television, movies and on video games, but very few in theater. In Peru, both the proposals and the studies of translation for accessibility in any field are limited. In 2019, El Teatro Británico has started offering inclusive theater performances for people with hearing impairment. The dissemination of accessible cultural products in Peru is a new service and there are no studies on it. Therefore, the present study seeks to analyze the reception of the subtitles for the hearing impaired of the play “Hedda”, produced by El Teatro Británico. Our research has a qualitative approach, as it seeks to describe the reception of this accessible play by a group of ten participants with hearing impairment. Their sociocultural profile, reactions and understanding of the subtitled play will be known through a survey. In this way, it seeks to establish a dialogue between the perspectives of theater subtitling for the deaf theory and the results of its application from the perspective of the deaf community. / Trabajo de investigación

El doblaje y la subtitulación son las dos modalidades de traducción audiovisual (TAV) más practicadas en la actualidad que permiten al público tener acceso a películas extranjeras en su lengua materna. Y Perú no es ajeno a esta realidad. Sin embargo, los estudios en el campo del doblaje y la subtitulación orientados a las preferencias del público por una u otra modalidad son escasos en Latinoamérica y, en particular, en Perú. Para subsanar este vacío, el presente estudio cuantitativo busca dar a conocer cuáles son las preferencias de los estudiantes universitarios en torno al doblaje y a la subtitulación de géneros de cine, así como las opiniones sobre cada una de estas modalidades. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa por medio de un muestreo de tipo intencional que incluyó la aplicación de 200 encuestas a estudiantes de dos universidades (una privada y una pública) de Lima, Perú, y su posterior análisis. Los resultados mostraron que hay una mayor preferencia por la subtitulación y que los géneros que mejor se adecúan a esta modalidad son el drama, el romance y la ciencia ficción. Por otro lado, el género animado es el más adecuado para ser doblado según los encuestados. Asimismo, a partir de las diversas opiniones en torno a la TAV, se puede inferir que existe cierto desconocimiento por parte de los encuestados en cuanto a los procesos y la naturaleza de este tipo de traducción. / At present, dubbing and subtitling are the two most practiced modes of audiovisual translation (AVT), which allow the public to watch foreign movies in their mother tongue. Peru is not alien to that reality. Nevertheless, there are very few studies in Latin America, and more specifically in Peru, focusing on the public preferences for one mode of AVT or the other. In this sense, this quantitative study seeks to know the preferences of university students in regards to dubbing and subtitling of film genres, as well as the opinions about any of these modes. This study employed a quantitative methodology (surveys) with a purposive sample of 200 students from two universities in Lima, Peru (one private and one public). The results showed that there is a greater preference for subtitling and the genres that best suit this mode are drama, romance, and science fiction. As for dubbing, animation is the genre most suitable to be dubbed according to respondents. In addition, considering our respondents’ opinions about AVT, we can infer that their knowledge of the processes and nature of AVT is very limited. / Tesis

The goal of the thesis is to examine methods for presenting the outputs of simul- taneous speech translation systems to users. Compared to manually edited subtitles in movies, current translation systems achieve lower quality in automatic subtitling due to limitations of reading speed and space constraints. Therefore, this thesis examines possibilities of relaxing these constraints, achieving an improvement in overall quality of translated speech presentation. The work relies on existing translation and speech recognition systems, proposing methods solely for user evaluation of the presentation. It provides a thorough analysis of selecting the best layout from a number of presenta- tion options, recommending its usage given available resources. The experimenting is performed given our proposed interface for subtitling and testing. Additionally, the re- sults bring new insights to the relation between the evaluation methods, suggesting less time-consuming evaluation for specific usecases in future experiments. 1

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