The main objective of this thesis is to create a list of critical success factors (CSF) of Business Intelligence implementation in the non-commercial sector and check this list in practice on real projects. Part of the thesis is also the summary of all specifics and differences of BI implementation in public sector and the view of usage possibilities of BI in this sector in relationship on already implemented projects in the Czech Republic so and abroad. The thesis is composed of theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part is focused on problems related to this area, especially analyses the present state of BI in public sector and features specifics and differences related to BI implementation in this area. Further also describes all significant critical success factors of BI implementation in general. Practical part is then aimed on particular verification of Business Intelligence CSFs on real projects realized in non-commercial sector inside of the Czech Republic. As a main tool for obtaining needed and objective information were used managed interviews with competent deputies of submitter (customer) and supplier of particular BI solution. The main contribution of this thesis is determination of differences, but also consistent components of Business Intelligence implementation in non-commercial sector compared to private sector with emphasis on critical success factors. Significant is also the comprehensive view of possibilities and advantages of BI usage in public sector, created by analysis of already implemented projects. These achieved results can be utilized by future (and contemporary) suppliers and submitters of BI projects, but also of other projects from information science area.

The topic of this diploma thesis is "Critical success factors of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises" Firstly, the terms enterprise resource planning system, small and medium sized enterprise and critical factor are defined. Part of this thesis is also dedicated to the importance of those systems in small and medium sized enterprises and the supply of products on the market is described as well. The importance of enterprise resource planning systems for this segment of customers is still growing and the number of products offered is quite wide. Customers have unambiguously preferred Czech solutions. Next part of the thesis contains critical factors literature search -- analysis of two studies. Conceptual model of critical factors is made on the basis of findings and comparison of those two studies. The relevance of this model is verified by the analysis of case studies of enterprise resource planning system implementations in small and medium sized enterprises. These case studies were downloaded from websites of system vendors. On the basis of new findings, new model was designed. Each critical factor is described in each part of the thesis to help understand under which circumstances it was used. Finally, the model is assessed.

Cette recherche a pour but de répondre à deux impératifs : travailler pour un secteur d’activité porteur économiquement, mais peu étudié scientifiquement : le domaine de la Rénovation, et proposer aux acteurs de ce secteur des outils d’accompagnement forts pour leur permettre de réussir leur transition numérique, enjeu majeur du XXIe siècle. L’état de l’art initial a démontré que, dans un contexte lié à la diffusion d’un Système d’Information tel que le BIM, il était indispensable de s’appuyer sur des leviers contribuant à son implantation : les Facteurs Clés de Succès, les fondamentaux du management de projet, la rédaction de Conventions BIM, l’Approche Intégrée de Projet et enfin les Modèles de Maturité. Pour s’assurer de l’adéquation entre ces différents leviers et les spécificités de la Rénovation, une enquête a été réalisée auprès d’un panel représentatif des petites entreprises qui le composent majoritairement. Elle a permis de confirmer l’état peu avancé de ce secteur dans la transition numérique en raison de la taille des structures elles-mêmes et de situations économiques réduisant souvent l’horizon de projection. Les acteurs ne sont, par ailleurs, pas toujours conscients de la nécessité du changement (se satisfaisant généralement de la 2D et de procédés artisanaux) et sont donc peu enclins à investir dans des solutions numériques telles que le BIM. En dépit des réticences qui ont pu être exprimées, la plupart des acteurs ont toutefois bien conscience que pour tirer parti de la transition au lieu de la subir, il faut qu’ils puissent être dotés d’outils d’accompagnement spécifiques à leurs usages et pratiques. Un référentiel permettant de mesurer leur maturité et ensuite de définir de façon réaliste leurs propres objectifs de développement : « BIM Maturity Model For Renovation » ou BiM²FR a donc été conçu. Le format choisi et la simplicité voulue de mise en œuvre devraient permettre aux petites entreprises de facilement caractériser leur situation et d’identifier leurs points faibles et forts, puis d’élaborer les grandes lignes de plans d'action individuels et appropriés à leurs activités. Les facteurs clés de succès étudiés et intégrés en filigrane dans le BiM²FR sont les marqueurs et gages de succès qui permettront aux entreprises de progresser au cours de la mise en œuvre du BIM. Pour élargir la portée de ce travail, une interface WEB libre permettant aux entreprises d’effectuer leur diagnostic de maturité BIM, a été développée. Le site www.BiM2FR.eu, outre l’aide qu’il peut apporter aux entreprises, offre, par l’intermédiaire des données collectées et échangées, un grand nombre de perspectives de recherches. / This research aims to answer two imperatives: 1) promote an economically promising sector, Renovation, that has not been subject to much scientific study; and 2) offer companies in this sector useful tools to help them succeed in their digital transition, a major challenge of the 21st century. When it comes to disseminating an Information System such as BIM, it is essential to use levers that enhance its implementation: the Critical Success Factor, fundamentals of Project Management, drafting BIM Execution Plans, an Integrated Project Delivery approach and Maturity Models. To ensure the right fit between these different levers and the specific needs of the Renovation segment, we conducted a survey with a representative panel of small enterprises, predominant in this sector. This survey confirmed that the sector is still in the early days of digital transition due to the small size of companies and economic situations that often reduce visibility and the ability to make long-term investment decisions. Small renovation firms are not always aware of the need for change (they are generally satisfied with 2D drawings and artisanal processes) and are therefore reluctant to invest in digital solutions such as BIM. In spite of this, most stakeholders are aware that in order to benefit from the transition or risk being left behind, they must find support in tools specific to their uses and practices. To measure their maturity and then realistically define their own development objectives, we therefore developed a "BIM Maturity Model for Renovation" or BiM²FR. The format and ease of implementation should enable small enterprises to identify their situation, emphasize their strengths and weaknesses, and then outline individual action plans suited to their activities. The Critical Success Factors analyzed and presented within BiM²FR should guarantee successful progress as companies implement BIM. In order to broaden the scope of this work, we created a free web interface for companies to make their own BIM maturity diagnosis. The site www.BiM2FR.eu, in addition to helping these companies, offers us, through the data collected and exchanged, a large number of research opportunities.

Information and communication technology (ICT) greatly influence today’s business processes be it in public or private sectors. Everything that is done in business requires ICT in one way or the other. Research in ICTs is therefore critical. So much research was and is still carried out in projects that develop or enhance ICT but it is still apparent that the success rate of these projects is still very low. The extensive coverage of ICTs implies that if the success rate is still that low, many resources are being wasted in the failed projects; therefore, more research is needed to improve the success rate. Previous research has focussed on factors which are critical for the success of ICT projects, assuming that all ICT projects are the same. As a result, literature is full of different suggestions and guidelines of the factors critical to ICT projects’ success. This scenario brings challenges to project managers who end up using their own personal judgement to select which factors to consider for any project at hand. The end result is the high failure rate of ICT projects since there is a very high chance of applying the same critical success factors to different types of ICT projects. This research answered the question: which factors are critical to the success of computer networking projects in Zimbabwe and how these factors could be used for building a model that determines in advance the success of such projects? Literature reviewed indicated that most CSFs were not focused on specific types of ICT projects, hence were generalised. No literature was found on ICT projects’ CSFs in Zimbabwe. More so, no CSFs were found for computer networking projects as a specific instance of ICT projects. No model existed that predicts computer networking projects’ success. This study addressed the gaps by developing a CSF framework for ICT projects in Zimbabwe, determining CSFs for computer networking projects in Zimbabwe and the development of a logistic regression analysis model to predict computer networking projects’ success in Zimbabwe. Data was collected in Zimbabwe using a unique three-staged process which comprise metasynthesis analysis, questionnaire and interviews. The study was motivated by the fact that most available research focused on CSFs for general ICT projects and that no research was found on CSFs influencing projects in computer networking. Meta-synthesis analysis was therefore conducted on literature in order to identify CSFs as given in literature. The approach was appropriate since the researcher had noticed that there were extensive ICT projects’ CSFs and that no such research has been carried out in Zimbabwe. These CSFs formed the basis for the determination (using a questionnaire) of ICT projects CSFs for Zimbabwe in particular. Project practitioners’ viewpoints were sought through questionnaires. Once CSFs for ICT projects in Zimbabwe were determined, they formed the basis for the determination of unique critical success factors for computer networking projects in Zimbabwe. Interviews were used to get further information that would have been left out by questionnaires. The interview questions were set to clarify some unclear or conflicting responses from the questionnaire and providing in-depth insights into the factors critical to computer networking projects in Zimbabwe. The data i.e. critical success factors for computer networking projects guided the development of the logistic regression analysis model for the prediction of computer networking projects’ success in Zimbabwe. Data analysis from the questionnaire was analysed using SPSS Version 23.0. Factor analysis and principal component analysis were some of the techniques used in the analysis. Interview data was analysed through NVivo Version 10.0. From the results it was deduced that factors critical to ICT project management in Zimbabwe were closely related to those found in the literature. The only apparent difference was that CSFs for ICT projects in Zimbabwe were more specific thereby enhancing their applicability. Computer networking projects had fewer CSFs than general ICT projects. In addition, CSFs for general ICT projects were different from those critical to computer networking projects in Zimbabwe. The development of a comprehensive set of general ICT projects’ CSFs was the first contribution of this study. This was achieved through meta-synthesis analysis. The other contribution was the development of a CSF framework for ICT projects specific to Zimbabwe and those specific to computer networking projects in Zimbabwe. The major contribution was the development of the logistic regression analysis model that predicts computer networking projects’ success in Zimbabwe. These contributions will provide literature on ICT project management in Zimbabwe which will subsequently assist ICT project managers to concentrate on specific factors. The developed prediction model can be used by project managers to determine possible success or failure of ICT projects; thereby possible reducing wastage of resource. / School of Computing

Six Sigma is one of the most successful improvement strategies of the last 5 decades and has been implemented worldwide by organizations in different sectors and sizes. Despite the popularity, 60% of all Six Sigma initiatives are abandoned or end in failure. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate what factors large manufacturing enterprises in Sweden need to prioritize to introduce Six Sigma successfully. The research was conducted as a holistic multiple-case study where qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with three companies. A thematic analysis was made to identify patterns between the companies about critical success factors associated with Six Sigma, Change Management, and Organizational culture. It was shown that Company 1 has introduced Six Sigma but has no defined plan on how to move forward with the initiative. Company 2 has fully introduced the method and is actively working with it, while Company 3 has failed with the introduction of Six Sigma. All identified factors were rated as either a success or a failure factor for each case company. The success factors differentiating Company 2 from the other case companies have been evaluated to be the most critical success factors. Top management commitment, Organizational support, Organizational culture, Communication, and Strategic plan have been identified as the most critical success factors that must be prioritized to introduce Six Sigma successfully. Furthermore, cultural factors such as communication between departments, supportive managers, and committed top management have been identified as important to introduce Six Sigma successfully. The results of this study can be applied to successfully introduce change initiatives in large manufacturing enterprises in Sweden.

This thesis has the main purpose of uncovering the stages and success-failure factors to implement corporate entrepreneurship in energy and automotive companies. The goal is driven by the implication that not understanding the process and factors to be considered can result in the failure of new business development. The corporate entrepreneurship implementations within many corporations are heterogeneous and variative. Therefore, instead of looking at corporate entrepreneurship from a general standpoint, this research combines the two cases to figure out the practice of corporate entrepreneurship more deeply by looking at the similarities and differences between the two of them. The research is conducted in Sweden with the case of two Swedish Companies with different business focus: Volvo (automotive company) and Vattenfall (energy company). This research uses comparative case studies which use semi-structured interviews and analysis of company information. The interview respondents were seven people from the corporate level from different divisions in both companies and nine people from the venture level with different corporate venture projects. The findings of this thesis have identified a total of 21 critical activities in the development stages and 17 success factors in the corporate venture development based on the incorporation of practice in Volvo and Vattenfall. Both companies have many similar activities in the development stages and success factors in the internal venture development. Both of them give a similar picture of corporate entrepreneurship implementation. It shows that the practice of corporate entrepreneurship in Swedish companies has a pattern of firm behaviours. The differences between activities and success factors occur due to different types of projects and organizational structures. / Detta examensarbete har som huvudsyfte att undersöka stadierna och framgångs faktorerna för att implementera entreprenörskap i energi- och fordonsföretag. Målet drivs av implikationen att om man inte förstår processen och faktorerna som ska beaktas kan det leda till att ny affärsutveckling misslyckas. Implementeringarna av entreprenörskap inom företag är heterogena, och vi måste undersöka variationen djupare utveckla mer om variationen. Därför, istället för att titta på entreprenörskap inom företag från en allmän synvinkel, kombinerar denna undersökning de två fallen för att ta reda på praktiken av företagsentreprenörskap djupare genom att titta på likheterna och skillnaderna mellan de två. Undersökningen bedrivs i Sverige med två svenska företag med olika affärsinriktning: Volvo (fordonsföretag) och Vattenfall (energiföretag). Denna undersökning forskning använder sig av jämförande fallstudier som i sin tur använder sig av semistrukturerade intervjuer samt analys av företagsinformation. Intervjurespondenterna var sju personer från företagsnivå från olika divisioner i båda företagen och nio personer från företagsnivå med olika företagsprojekt. Resultaten av denna undersökning avhandling har identifierat totalt 21 kritiska aktiviteter i utvecklingsstadierna och 17 framgångsfaktorer i företagsutvecklingen baserat på inkorporeringen av praxis i Volvo och Vattenfall. Båda företagen har många liknande aktiviteter i utvecklingsskedet och framgångsfaktorer i den interna venture-utvecklingen. Båda ger en liknande bild av genomförandet av entreprenörskap inom företag. Den visar att utövandet av entreprenörskap i svenska företag har ett tydligt mönster. Skillnaderna mellan aktiviteter och framgångsfaktorer uppstår på grund av olika typer av projekt och organisationsstrukturer.

電視購物在國外行之有年，美國、韓國的電視購物業者更是大規模經營，市場也相當成熟。近年來，我國電視購物產業也逐漸發達和進步，其原因包括了隨著有線電視產業之成熟、網際網路發達、虛擬交易的興起、以及數位電視的推動等。 本研究採取質化研究之個案研究法，首先介紹美國QVC公司、韓國電視購物、以及中國大陸電視購物，說明各國電視購物產業發展現況，並透過深入訪談介紹國內企業東森得易購、富躍購物、以及即將進軍電視購物產業之統一集團，作為現有業者、新進業者、以及潛在進入者之代表個案。 本研究歸納電視購物的關鍵成功因素為無形資產類、有形資產類、與組織能力三類，這些優勢均具有不易模仿與不易轉移的特點，且對企業維持長久的競爭優勢有顯著的影響，說明如下。 一、無形資產類 (1) 品牌聲譽：包括電視購物業者本身的品牌聲譽以及所銷售產品之品牌聲譽，品牌有助於提升消費者對電視購物的信心。(2) 供應商關係： 電視購物業者與供應商之間必須建立緊密的共存合作關係，使新進者無法取代。 二、有形資產類 (1) 掌握具寡佔特性的頻道資源：由於國內頻道空間有限，因此電視購物業者可透過垂直整合達成通路之寡佔，構成強大的議價力與利益交換空間。(2) 集團資源：此點特別是有形之資金與子公司間的合作效益，既可創造內部市場，同時還可以帶來交叉銷售、資源共享等利益。(3) 規模經濟：電視購物產業之規模經濟來自於有線電視系統、商品進貨量、節目製作、客戶服務中心、物流系統、資訊系統等。 三、組織能力類。(1) 產品與服務之創新能力：隨著產業競爭日益激烈，加上業者彼此模仿挖角，因此業者必須致力於產品和服務的創新，形成差異化才能維持市場領導地位。(2) 價值活動整合能力：電視購物業者無論是自行整合或是透過與價值鏈上下游廠商策略聯盟，都必須具備良好的價值活動整合能力，透過具有人才或是策略聯盟等，可有效創造垂直整合的優勢。 本研究之貢獻在於借鏡國外個案以及整理國內業者之經營型態，歸納出具系統性的關鍵成功因素，無論是現有業者或是新進業者均可參考。但由於關鍵成功因素會隨著產業生命週期變化，本研究完成於國內電視購物產業之成長期，現有業者與新進者之間的競爭態勢尚未底定，產業結構也持續變動。故此，後續研究限制如下：一、產業持續變動。二、 國內成功業者有限。三、廣電三法持續修正，產業生態多有變數。四、數位電視方興未艾，勢將帶動下一波產業發展。

自從1991年美國總統柯林頓提出以創新冒險為知識產業揭開序幕以來，歷經20世紀末網路泡沫化的刺激，探討無形資產的論文與各類文獻如雨後春筍， 而努力找出企業無形資產與該公司市場價值的評量工具更是專家學者的急迫任務。 與無形資產息息相關的學說，以智慧資本討論最具有代表性，自從1969年John Kenne Galbraith首度提出智慧資本的定義到今日為止，已有數十位知名學者以不同的觀點、領域探討著智慧資本的定義；然而智慧資本的相關課題、學說及論述雖然歸納出無形資產的全貌，卻仍無法做為評量各產業企業價值的基礎，更遑論能讓投資方，融資機構及無形資產企業有一個評量無形資產價值的參考指標。 無形資產價值因企業範疇與生產流程具有專屬特性，本研究期望透過研究者本身產業背景、專家問卷及業界訪談進行彙整、歸納出遊戲企業無形資產之價值驅動因子。再以彙整之無形資產價值驅動因子，進行遊戲產業關鍵成功因素的探討。在研究者與專家討論及訪談確認的關鍵成功因素基礎上進行問卷設計，進而對五家遊戲公司進行調研。 最後將調研進行統計整理， 歸納出遊戲產業成功關鍵因素以相對重要性而言有「團隊質量」、「競爭優勢」及「市場影響力」，而此三種關鍵因素應可做為評價遊戲企業價值的參考指標。 / Since US President Clinton proposed regarding innovating and taking risks as the prelude of opening of knowledge industry in 1991， go through the stimulus of the internet bubble in the end of the 20th century， there are lots of papers and documents studying about the intangible assets， and It become the more urgent issue for experts and scholars to make full efforts to find out the valuation tool for measuring the intangible assets and the market value of enterprises. The Intelligence Capital(IC) is the most representative theory which is closely linked with intangible assets， since John Kenne Galbraith proposed the definition of the intelligence capital up to today for the first time in 1969， there have been several dozens of famous scholars with different views and fields discussing the definition of intelligence capital already; However， the relevant subjects and theory about intelligence capital sum up the general situation of the intangible assets， but still not yet to become the standard valuation method to evaluate the value of every industry as well as enterprise， even can not to be the reference indicator to evaluate the intangible assets for the investor、financing organization and those enterprises with intangible assets . The value of the intangible assets has specific characteristics due to the different business model and production procedure of the company. Researcher expects to sum up the the intangible assets value drivers of enterprises in the game industry through her own industry background as well as gathering expert questionnaire and industry interview. Researcher has collected the most value drivers of intangible assets from relevant papers and interviews， also make discussions with the key person from game company on KSF. After designing the questionnaire based on the confirmed KSF， the study has surveyed five game companies to get primary data. Through the whole explored process ， finally got the conclusion that the most important KSF of the game industry are ' the group's quality ' ， ' the competition advantage ' and ' the marketing power '， which are educed from the stat. data， and this three kinds of KSF could be run for the reference indicators of measuring game company value.

由於全球化的浪潮，將市場競爭帶向新的局面，企業不再只尋求短期 的利潤，更傾向與他們的外部競爭者以及內部人員維持長期的合作關係， 以替企業帶來更大利益，這種共生共存的關係，亦即夥伴關係。已有許多 研究發現，發展夥伴關係能為企業帶來益處，學者也找出建立夥伴關係和 夥伴關係演化過程中的關鍵成功因素，或者針對形成夥伴關係的結合力進 行研究，然而，很少有學者提及如何管理夥伴關係，本研究以此觀點出發， 目的在找出供應商夥伴關係管理的重要因素並提出實踐的執行項目，以供 企業評估並改進其供應商夥伴關係管理的流程，另外提出夥伴關係度量 (Partner Relationship Metrics)之概念，讓企業據此分數來選擇供應商夥伴。 本研究首先由17 篇關於夥伴關係的文獻中找出18 個夥伴關係的關鍵 成功因素(Critical Success Factor, CSF)，並在每一關鍵成功因素下，定義若 干個關鍵執行項目(Key Practice Items, KPI)。這些關鍵執行項目都代表著供 應商合作關係中執行的行動，以關鍵成功因素及文獻中學者所提的關鍵結 合力(Bond)形成訪談內容，採取企業訪談法挑選台灣資訊電子製造業供應 鏈中分別屬於零組件供應商、加工製造者以及系統組裝商的六家企業進行 訪談。研究結果顯示，六家企業都認為順應性(Adapatibility)、信任(Trust)、 參與度(Participation)是重要的因素，另外也發現，訪談對象依其企業規模、 屬於買方或賣方市場等因素乃訪談結果有差異的原因之一。 關鍵字：B2B、供應商夥伴關係、關鍵成功因素、夥伴關係度量 / Over the past few years, companies have faced increasing challenges in their relationships with external competitors as well as internal employees. Recent years, managers tend to build a long term, ongoing relationships which are called partnerships. Researches have found that developing partnerships can contribute to the profit of a company and reduce the risk. Some researchers focused on the factors of the successful partnership; others on the bonds between partners. However, studies is lacking on how to manage a partnership. The purpose of this project is to find factors that make a successful supplier partnership and propose some key practice items (KPI) as well. Furthermore, we define partner relationship metrics (PRM) by combing bonds and success factors of partnership to help managers evaluate their supplier partners. This project is based on partnership literatures and business interviews. First, we chose 18 critical success factors (CSF) of the partnership from 17 literatures. Then, we surveyed 6 businesses of Taiwan Information & Electronic Industry and divided them into 3 categories to get the empirical data. We found all companies agree that Adaptability, Trust and Participation are the top 3 important factors in managing their supplier partner relationships. In addition, we discovered that the size of the companies and the one who holds the power in the supplier-buyer relationship influence the research results. Key words: B2B, supplier partner relationship, critical success factor (CSF), partner relationship metrics (PRM)

Le transfert de technologie est un processus d’innovation loin de se résumer à une simple relation émetteur / récepteur de connaissances. Il est complexe et de ce fait, les facteurs déterminants de son succès sont encore mal connus, sa modélisation reste à étudier et des principes de pilotage sont à établir.Cette thèse propose une modélisation descriptive du processus de transfert de technologie afin de mieux comprendre la dynamique des projets de transfert de technologie et de dégager des bonnes pratiques permettant de mieux le piloter. Dans le champ théorique, nous avons analysé les modèles de transfert de technologie existant dans la littérature et avons proposé un méta-modèle du point de vue de l’ingénierie système. Nous avons ensuite cherché à mieux comprendre les phénomènes in situ.Pour ce faire, une méthodologie d’observation pour la collecte des données au niveau « micro » a été mise au point. Nous avons suivi cinq projets de transfert durant une période allant de trois mois à deux ans. Deux dimensions ont été privilégiées : la dimension immatérielle et matérielle. Le concept d’Objet Intermédiaire de Transfert (OIT) est introduit à partir de la notion d’Objet Intermédiaire de Conception. Les données obtenues ont été analysées selon deux approches :- une approche comparative descriptive, permettant d’identifier les invariants et les phénomènes divergents entre les cinq processus. - une approche multicritère basée sur la théorie des ensembles approximatifs. Cette dernière approche fournit des informations utiles pour la compréhension du processus par l’intermédiaire des règles de connaissances. Elle a validé l’importance des OIT dans la dynamique du projet final / Technology transfer is an innovation process far from to be defined as a simple transmitter / receiver relationship of knowledge. It is complex. Thus the determinants of its success are still poorly understood and its modeling remains to be studied to a better management and optimization of the process.This thesis proposes a descriptive modeling of the technology transfer process. The aim is to have better understanding of the dynamics of technology transfer projects, and developing best practices to improve its management.In the theoretical field, we analyzed the models of the literature and proposed a meta-model of technology transfer from the point of view of systems engineering. We then sought to better understand the phenomena in situ.In order to reach our aim, an observation methodology for data collection at the micro level has been developed. We followed five transfer projects for a period ranging from three months to two years. Two dimensions have been emphasized: the immaterial and the material dimension. The concept of Intermediate Transfer Object (ITO) is introduced from the concept of design intermediary object.The data obtained were analyzed using two approaches:- a comparative descriptive approach, identifying invariants and divergent phenomena between the five processes. This has allowed us to propose best practices for technology transfer project management in the context of brazing.- a multicriteria approach based on the rough sets theory. This approach provides useful information for understanding the process through the decision rules. It validated the importance of the technology transfer object in the dynamics and the success of a project