För att kunna utföra energieffektiviserande åtgärder i en befintlig byggnad, och generera ett bra utfall, krävs goda kunskaper om projektet. Detta betyder att alla discipliner måste ha ett gott samarbete och att varje disciplin måste ta sitt ansvar för uppgiften. Det är inte alltid som utfallet blir det optimala. En sammanställning i tabellform kan tydligt påvisa de frekventa problemen. Detta har genom att belysa de problem som uppstår i samband med projektering, installation och drift av värmepumpar i tre olika fall genererat en sammanställd tabell. Resultatet visar att åtta olika problem förekommer och samtliga resultat förklaras och analyseras. Genom att påvisa svagheter, och ge förslag på möjliga åtgärder kan problem med projektering, installation och drift av värmepumpar minska. / In order to be able to perform energy efficiency measures in an existing building, and generate a good outcome, good knowledge of the project is required. This means that all disciplines must have a good cooperation and that each discipline must take responsibility for the task. It is not always that the outcome will be optimal. A summary in tabular form can clearly identify the frequent problems. This is done by highlighting the problems that arise in connection with the design, installation and operation of heat pumps in three different cases, generating a compiled table. The result shows that eight different problems occur and all results are explained and analyzed. By detecting weaknesses, and suggesting possible measures, problems with the design, installation and operation of heat pumps may decrease.

I Sverige står bostad- och servicesektorn för 40 procent av landets totala energianvändningoch utfaller således i en högre förbrukning än både transport- och industrisektorn. Entredjedel av denna energi förbrukas inom de 90 miljoner kvadratmeter ägda av offentligsektor. I dagsläget erbjuder den svenska marknaden ett antal olikaenergieffektiviseringstjänster inom offentlig sektor. Energy Performance Contracting, (EPC), ären av dem. Denna typ av energitjänstemodell bygger på att EPC-leverantören hjälperbeställaren att ta ett helhetsgrepp på fastighetsbeståndets energi- och drifteffektivisering, föratt sedan ingå i ett långsiktigt avtal om energieffektiviseringsåtgärder och garantibesparingar.De formulerade åtgärderna finansieras därmed av framtida garanterade energibesparingar,garantier som undertecknas av EPC-leverantören. Genom att ingå i ett EPC-avtal kankommuners ekonomiska risker minimeras och fastighetsbeståndet uppgraderas samtidigtsom internationella och nationella klimat- och miljömål kan nås.Energibehovet i Sverige ökar ständigt och förutspås fortsätta stiga. Europaparlamentet ochEuropeiska unionens råd beskriver i sina direktiv att takten för energieffektivbyggnadsrenovering fordras öka för att det förhöjda behovet skall kunna möta allt striktaremiljökrav. Den antropogena globala uppvärmningen resulterar i extrema väderförhållandenoch orsakar förödande konsekvenser på olika delar av vår planet. Värmeböljor, ökenbildning,flyktingströmmar och svält är några av de allvarligaste följderna. Hållbar energianvändning ärdärför oerhört viktigt för att jorden skall fortsätta att vara en plats att leva på. 90 procent avde fastigheter vi har idag kommer att finnas kvar år 2050, och energieffektivisering i sambandmed renovering är därför avgörande för minskning av den totala energianvändningen inomsektorn. Trots flertalet goda exempel på nöjda kunder och kalkyler som visar på stor potentialhar enbart en tredjedel av Sveriges kommuner beslutat om att genomföra ett EPC-projektunder de knappa 20 åren som marknaden funnits. I dagsläget är marknaden nästintillobefintlig.En empirisk studie genomfördes där 20 intervjuer hölls mot beställare, entreprenörer ochområdesexperter för att definiera barriärer som begränsar EPCs utveckling i avsikt attförstärka positionen på marknaden. Studien visade att de mest påtagliga barriärerna för EPCär avsaknad av ansvarskänsla för energieffektivisering hos kommuner följt av frånvaro avincitament att arbeta med de satta målen. Låg beställarkompetens beträffande tekniskbefogenhet och allmän kunskap om energieffektivisering och hållbar energianvändning ledertill problematik att ta till sig EPC och släppa in entreprenör vilket är nästa barriär. Utöver detäven mytspridning som gett EPC dåligt rykte. Genom att likaledes definiera incitament attgenomföra ett EPC-projekt kan en klar bild av ursprungsläget målas upp för att tillsammansmed de konstaterade barriärerna förändra positionen. Intervjuerna visade att drivkrafternaatt genomföra ett EPC projekt kunde sammanfattas till viljan att ta ett helhetsgrepp påeftersatt underhåll och öka tekniknivån samtidigt som man sparar energi. Studien ämnarsåledes åt att förstå vad som saknas för att vilja nå dessa positiva effekter. / The housing and services sector in Sweden constitutes 40 percent of the country’s totalenergy consumption, resulting in higher consumption than both the transport and industrysectors. One third of that energy consumed is utilised throughout the 90 million square meterarea owned by the public sector. There is a number of different companies that currentlyoffers energy efficiency services to the public sector, and Energy Performance Contracting(EPC) is one of them. The EPC model is based on the concept that the property owner obtainshelp from an energy service provider, in order to adopt a holistic approach towards energyefficiency measures and warranty savings. The contractor, which in this case is the EPCsupplier,provides the warranty by signing a long-term agreement on the calculated energyreduction. By committing to an EPC agreement, the municipalities' financial risks can beminimised, properties upgraded as well as contributing towards the attainment ofinternational and national climate and environmental goals.Energy demand is continuously increasing and it is predicted to continue to rise. TheEuropean Parliament and the Council of the European Union state in their directives that thepace of energy efficient property renovation must increase, in order to meet ever morestringent environmental requirements. Anthropogenic global warming has resulted inextreme weather conditions causing devastating consequences to our planet, with heatwaves, desertification, refugee flows and starvation being some of the most serious.Sustainable energy utilization is therefore critical to maintain the earth’s inhabitability. 90percent of the properties we have today will still exist in 2050. That is why energy efficiency inconnection with renovation is crucial for reducing overall energy usage within the sector.Despite many good examples of satisfied customers and economically viable implementationsshowing great potential, only a third of Sweden's municipalities have decided to implementan EPC project. Hence, there is currently no substantial market for EPC projects.To identify what is needed to strengthen EPC's position on the market, an empirical study wasconducted where 20 interviews were held with clients, entrepreneurs and industry experts.The study revealed that the most significant barriers facing the EPC market are the lack ofsense of responsibility for energy efficiency within municipalities, followed by the absence ofmeasures incentivising attainment of the set targets. A further barrier is the customer´s lackof technical competence and general knowledge regarding energy efficiency and sustainableenergy usage resulting in problems in adoption and implementation of EPC, which in turnresults in EPC getting a bad reputation. The interviews demonstrated that the driving forcesencouraging the implementation of an EPC project could be summarized as the desire to takea holistic approach to neglect maintenance and increase the technology standard, whilstsaving energy at the same time. The analysis provides a clear picture of the current state ofthe EPC market, both in terms of barriers to its development and possible incentives requiredin order to encourage implementation of EPC projects. The study aims to provide insight intowhat measures can be taken to increase the market appeal of EPCs.

[pt] Eventos globais como as mudanças climáticas, crescimento populacional e expansão urbana trazem o foco para a contribuição do ambiente construído na sustentabilidade das cidades. Visto que o setor da construção civil é um dos maiores responsáveis pelo consumo de recursos naturais, geração de resíduos e emissão de poluentes, uma significativa mudança de paradigma no setor se faz necessária. Por sua vez, o papel dos profissionais do mercado de arquitetura e urbanismo no desenvolvimento de projetos é estratégico na efetiva transformação desse cenário. É preciso que os processos de projeto sejam mais integrados, colaborativos e eficientes para que as edificações desenvolvidas contemplem soluções multidisciplinares que priorizem a redução do consumo de recursos naturais, que viabilizem o alto desempenho dos sistemas e garantam o conforto dos usuários. Ainda que as estratégias e soluções para o desenvolvimento de edificações sustentáveis sejam diversas e que a arquitetura integrada aos condicionantes ambientais seja prática comum no processo de projeto dos escritórios entrevistados, há desafios enfrentados no mercado que impactam a qualidade ambiental e a eficiência dos projetos. A priorização por custos iniciais mais baixos, a carência tanto de incentivos fiscais quanto de regulamentações específicas voltados à construção sustentável e a baixa cultura de planejamento do mercado nacional foram alguns dos principais desafios identificados. Apesar dos desafios, a compreensão sobre a importância da sustentabilidade no ambiente construído é unânime entre os entrevistados, assim como a atuação efetiva dos mesmos como agentes transformadores do cenário ambiental através da prática profissional ainda que muito precise ser realizado. / [en] Global events have been held for decades, with a view at ensuring the collective commitment among countries on planning and carrying out actions to stop and reverse the environmental degradation of the planet.The UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm in 1972 and the World Commission on Environment and Development, held in 1983, were some of the main events leading up to the discussion of parameters and goals that culminated in the Agenda 21 (HANDL, 2012; LAYRARGUES, 1997; ONU, 2015), predecessor of the current Agenda 2030, which includes the 17 Sustainable Development Goals – SDGs, launched by the UN in 2015 (MMA, 2020).In the same year, the SDGs were launched and, during the 21st United Nations Climate Change Conference – COP21, the Paris Agreement was set out with main focus on actions to address climate change and its resulting impacts (MMA, 2020).Cities concentrate more than 50 percent of the population of the planet (PNUD BRASIL, 2020) and buildings alone account for 40 percent of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, architects and other players in the construction sector have a professional and ethical duty” to lead the transformation of such scenario, not only to minimize negative environmental impacts but also to establish robust and resilient solutions to a future of extreme weather events” (RIBA, 2019).The identification of the socio-economic relevance of the construction industry in Brazil (IBGE, 2020), the severity of the long-term environmental impacts generated by buildings (RIBA, 2019) and the design as the starting point of the life cycle of a building (DEGANI & CARDOSO, 2002) leads to the search, in this study, to identify the processes and design strategies that contribute to achieve sustainability in buildings, as well as to understand the role and performance of architecture professionals in this scenario.To do so, a literature review on the subject has been conducted and interviews have been carried out with some of the main architecture offices operating in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, given their importance in the Brazilian scenario.

La Tierra es uno de los recursos constructivos más empleados globalmente. Sin embargo, su aplicación en áreas propensas a terremotos y su susceptibilidad a la erosión por agua son aspectos que generan inquietud entre los ingenieros. La investigación se enfocó en integrar estiércol de Equus asinus en la producción de unidades de tierra reforzada con el fin de aumentar su resistencia a la compresión y tracción, además de explorar el efecto de aplicar estearato de calcio en su superficie para disminuir su permeabilidad. Se llevaron a cabo pruebas tanto en campo como en laboratorio para elegir la cantera de suelo y el agua a emplear. Se analizaron las características mecánicas (compresión y tracción) de los bloques de tierra reforzada según lo estipulado en la norma E.080. Además, se sugirieron pruebas de absorción e inundación simulada para evaluar la permeabilidad. Los resultados indicaron un aumento del 19% en la resistencia a la compresión y un 50% en la resistencia a la tracción a nivel de unidades, y del 20% y 22% respectivamente a nivel de muros. El uso de estearato de calcio como recubrimiento permitió que las muestras absorbieran temporalmente agua sin desintegrarse, retrasando su deterioro. Por último, se determinó un aumento del 19.20% del precio de asentamiento con unidades de tierra reforzada y recubrimiento con estearato de calcio. En conclusión, la adición de estiércol de Equus asinus al 6% y el recubrimiento de estearato de calcio mejoran tanto las propiedades mecánicas como las hidrofóbicas de las unidades de tierra reforzada, con un pequeño aumento en su costo de producción. / Earth is one of the most commonly used construction materials. However, its application in earthquake-prone areas and susceptibility to water erosion are concerns for engineers. This research aimed to enhance the compression and traction resistance of earth units by integrating Equus asinus manure into their production. Additionally, it explored the effectiveness of applying calcium stearate to the surface to reduce permeability. Field and laboratory tests were conducted to select the soil quarry and water source. Mechanical properties (compression and traction) of the reinforced earth blocks were analyzed according to the E.080 standard. Furthermore, absorption and simulated flooding tests were suggested to evaluate permeability. Results indicated a 19% increase in compression resistance and a 50% increase in traction resistance at the unit level, and 20% and 22%, respectively, at the wall level. Coating with calcium stearate allowed samples to temporarily absorb water without disintegration, thus delaying deterioration. Lastly, a 19.20% increase in settlement price was observed with reinforced earth units and calcium stearate coating. In conclusion, the addition of 6% Equus asinus manure and calcium stearate coating improve both the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of reinforced earth units, albeit with a slight increase in production cost.

Syfte: Det finns en stor brist på kunskap om att översätta klimatpåverkan till ett monetärt värde. Forskare har under flera decennium studerat och forskat inom området och tagit fram flera metoder och verktyg inom LCC (Livscykelkostnad). Forskarna frågar sig varför inte dessa används i branschen? Målet med denna studie är att ta fram ett arbetssätt för att med hjälp av LCA (Livscykelanalys) utföra en LCC med invägd miljökostnad. Metod: De metoder som används för att nå målet med arbetet är mailintervjuer, observationer, dokumentanalys och litteraturstudie. Resultat: Arbetet beskriver att kommunala bostadsbolag inte använder sig av LCC i någon större utsträckning. En fallstudie har utförts på två hus i Kv. Vingpennan 2 i Kungsängen. Arbetet presenterar utifrån fallstudien, ett arbetssätt där miljökostnad översätts till ett monetärt värde med hjälp av LCA och LCC. Konsekvenser: Eftersom kommunala bostadsbolag inte arbetar med LCC analyser i den utsträckning som skulle behövas i nuläget skulle någon form av krav från kommun kunna bli aktuellt. Byggnation som är en stor koldioxidbov skulle behöva en sådan typ av krav, i form av till exempel en koldioxidskatt som räknas fram i början av varje nytt byggprojekt. Orsakerna varför inte LCC används i någon större utsträckning är många. Osäkerhetsfaktorerna för uppskattning av ett monetärt värde för miljöpåverkan inom LCC anses vara en bidragande orsak. Om dessa krav som detta arbete föreslår skulle ställas på beslutsfattarna då tvingas de att lära sig att arbeta aktivt med LCC. Den nya ISO standarden 14008:2019 kan vara en början till fungerande arbetsmetoder med LCC där miljökostnaden kan räknas fram. Begränsningar: Val av metoder och strategier har varit passande för detta arbete. Det som dels har begränsat resultatet är att fallstudien endast pågått en kort tid i projektet Kv. Vingpennan 2 och dels att det finns olika LCA-verktyg på marknaden. Innehållet i dessa LCA-program kan ha begränsat arbetet då de inte är exakta med verkligheten. De osäkerhetsfaktorer som finns i en LCC analys kan göra att den som utför analysen kan tolka de olika faktorerna på olika sätt och därför få olika resultat. / Purpose: There is a lack of knowledge of translating environmental cost to a monetary value. Sientcis has during the last decades studied and researched the field and developed several methods and tools within the Life cycle cost (LCC). The researchers are wondering why these are not used in the industry? The goal in this study is to develop a working method on how to build better for the climate using Life cycle assessment (LCA) and LCC. Method: The methods used to reach the goal of the study are mail interviews, observations, document analysis and literature review. Findings: The result of the study describes that municipal housing companies do not use LCC a lot. A case study is done on two houses in Kv. Vingpennan 2 in Kungsängen, Jönköping. The study presents, based on the case study a method for working with LCC with a environmental cost translated into a monetary value by using LCA. Implications: Since municipal housing companies at present do not work with LCC analyses to the extent that would be needed, some kind of demands from the municipality could be relevant. The construction sector is emitting a lot of carbon dioxide that is why some kind of tax should be calculated in the beginning of a new building project. There are many reasons why LCC is not so much in use. The uncertainty factors for estimating a monetary value for the environmental cost within the LCC might be a contributing factor. If the requirements that we propose would be put to the decision makers they would be forced to learn how to and work with LCC. The new ISO standard 14008:2019 could be the beginning of work methods for LCC where the environmental cost could be calculated. Limitations: The choice of methods and strategies for this study has been appropriate. The limitation is that the case study has only been studied over a shorter time of the studied projects time and that there is a lot of different programs for making a LCA and the materials in those programs is not always the exact same as in the real project. The uncertainties in an LCC could make the results variate a lot depending on who makes it.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 barbara cristina castro.pdf: 4909158 bytes, checksum: 97c33d72b85f6014d478bd8aea66f69b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-20 / The water shortage has become one of the world's main problems, leading to the development of new technologies and practices of water conservation. In order to obtain more effective solutions to solve this problem, new researches have been carried on to create hydraulic and sanitary systems more sustainable or, at least, system that causes less impact to the environment. Among the technologies economically available on water conservation in buildings, the use of rainfall collected from roofs can be of great potential to become a viable solution. The objective of this work is to study the ideal conditions for the disposal process of rainfall collected from three roofs made of different materials: metal, asbestos cement and ceramic tiles, located nearby, with the purpose of identifying both the ideal volume of disposal and the achievement of water quality standards, so that it becomes feasible for future uses. To do so, experimental units were installed to collect, dispose and store rainwater from three buildings located within the area of the School of Civil Engineering at Federal University of Goiás. After monitoring the volume of disposal correlating it with the quality assessment of the rainwater collected in each type of roof and with the rainwater collected directly from the atmosphere, the processes were evaluated based on the observed parameters and on the criteria established by the NBR 15,527 (ABNT, 2007), in order to identify the best way to implement disposal units in rainwater usage systems in buildings. It had been found that the rainwater disposal process is essential for obtaining water with better quality from these systems. It had also been observed that the disposal based on time does not seem to be securely enough to guarantee the necessarily quality in the collected water. Among the roofs in study, the metal roof gave water with the best quality after the disposal of the first 100 liters collected (this corresponds to 1,33 mm of accumulated rainfall in the area of study). It is presumed that the metal roof is the best choice to collect rainfall water because it is smoother and has almost no overlapping tiles. On the other hand, the 2 mm rainwater disposal suggested by NBR 15,527 (ABNT, 2007) has shown to be insufficient to guarantee the safe and secure use of the collected water to both users and hydraulic installations, requiring for this purpose the installation of at least a simplified water treatment unit. / A escassez de água tem se tornado um dos grandes problemas mundiais, o que vem levando a necessidade de estudos de novas metodologias e técnicas de conservação de água. Visando a obtenção de soluções eficazes para minimizar esse problema, dentro do ambiente construído, vários estudos estão sendo realizados em busca de sistemas prediais hidráulicos e sanitários mais sustentáveis ou que promovam menor impacto ambiental. Dentre as possíveis tecnologias que visam à conservação de água em edificações, os sistemas de aproveitamento de águas de chuva podem ser uma alternativa viável e de grande potencial para a solução desse problema. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em estudar as condições ideais do processo de descarte da água da chuva coletadas em três coberturas de diferentes tipos de materiais: metálico, cimento amianto e barro, situadas em uma mesma localidade, visando identificar o volume ideal de descarte e padrões de qualidade de água que viabilizem sua posterior utilização. Para tanto, foram instaladas unidades experimentais de captação, descarte e armazenamento de água de chuva em três edificações na área da Escola de Engenharia Civil da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Após o monitoramento do volume de descarte correlacionado com a avaliação da qualidade da água de chuva coletada em cada tipo de cobertura e, com a água de chuva coletada diretamente da atmosfera, foram avaliados os processos com base nos parâmetros observados e nos critérios estabelecidos pela NBR 15.527 (ABNT, 2007), de forma a identificar a melhor forma de viabilizar a implantação de unidades de descarte em sistemas de aproveitamento de água de chuva em edificações. Foi verificado que o processo de descarte de água de chuva é essencial para a obtenção de água de melhor qualidade nestes sistemas. Também foi possível observar que o descarte por tempo não se mostrou suficiente para garantir a captação de água de chuva de qualidade assegurada. Dentre os telhados avaliados, a cobertura de telhas metálicas proporcionou a obtenção de uma água de melhor qualidade após o descarte dos primeiros 100 litros coletados (correspondente a 1,33 mm de chuva para as áreas de contribuição estudadas). Presume-se que este resultado tenha sido obtido devido a sua superfície de contato ser mais lisa que os outros telhados estudados e, também de não haver sobreposição de telhas. Por outro lado, os 2 mm de descarte de água de chuva, sugeridos pela NBR 15.527 (ABNT, 2007), não se mostraram suficientes para garantir que a água de chuva coletada possa ser utilizada sem que haja risco aos usuários e às instalações hidráulicas, exigindo para tanto ao menos um tratamento simplificado.

Avhandlingen behandlar byggprocesser i södra Sverige som hade ambitionen att åstadkomma lågenergihus liknande den tyska passivhusstandarden. Syftet med avhandlingen är att öka förståelsen för processer i införandet av ett energikoncept. Energikonceptet betraktas som en innovation för användning i en sektor som av många beskrivs som konservativ och inte särskilt mottaglig för innovationer. Byggprocesserna studeras genom att händelser rekonstrueras med hjälp av berät-tande källor såsom intervjuer och protokoll från olika möten. Även observationer har använts där tillfälle funnits. Fokus riktas mot hur arbetet organiserades och beslutsprocessen bakom valet av teknik till konceptet. Även massmedias rapporte-ring om byggprocesserna har studerats och hur deltagarna i byggprocesserna marknadsförde energikonceptet. Införandet av energikonceptet kan förstås som transformationer eller om-formningar. Omformningarna bestod av fem grundläggande aktiviteter som med Hägerstrands tidsgeografiska begrepp kallas: lösgörning, formning, hopsättning, transportering och lagring. Energikonceptet lösgjordes från ett specifikt lokalt sammanhang och transporterades till ett annat där det formades för att passa nya förutsättningar och sattes ihop till ett nytt energikoncept. Det nya energikonceptet lagrades i ett nytt hus. Genom att följa människors och teknikers trajektorier kunde slutsatser angående energikonceptets svagt och starkt kopplade delar dras. De starkt kopplade delarna är byggherrens organisering av arbetet som skulle underlätta en starkare styrning. Sinnliga upplevelser av lagrade energikoncept hade betydelse för användandet. Solfångare visade sig vara en svagt kopplad teknik och behövde teknikbärare för att användas. / This thesis explores building processes in the south of Sweden with the aim to accomplish low energy housing in accordance with the German standard for passive houses. In this thesis, the passive house is regarded as an innovative en-ergy concept which has been introduced to Sweden and to a conservative sector. The purpose of the study is to provide an understanding of processes in the im-plementation of an innovation for energy-saving dwellings. The process is recon-structed with data from interviews, minutes, articles, reports, etc, and presented as stories of different sequences including how the housing projects were organised, how the energy concept was established among the participants, how decisions were made and what messages were presented about the energy concept in mass media. The energy concept is followed in a process of transformation where it was subject to five fundamental acitivites: decomposition, moulding, composition, transportation and storage. The concepts originate from a time-geography per-spective, founded and developed by the Swedish geographer Torsten Hägerstrand. The energy concept was decomposed at a specific local context and transported to another, where it was moulded and composed into a new energy concept. The new energy concept was stored in a new setting. By following the trajectories of peo-ple and technologies, conclusions about the energy concept can be drawn. The building proprietors chose less conventional ways of managing the building proc-ess in order to have more control. The projects were started by people who them-selves had their own experience of passive houses. Solar collectors were loosely coupled to the energy concept and needed technology carriers.

Submitted by Marco Antônio Amaral (marco.amaral@fgv.br) on 2013-08-30T16:43:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Marco Antônio Teixeira de Amaral.pdf: 2105372 bytes, checksum: 22ca9c4fb5f213a3960d00b580e590de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2013-09-02T12:23:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Marco Antônio Teixeira de Amaral.pdf: 2105372 bytes, checksum: 22ca9c4fb5f213a3960d00b580e590de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-09-10T12:22:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Marco Antônio Teixeira de Amaral.pdf: 2105372 bytes, checksum: 22ca9c4fb5f213a3960d00b580e590de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-10T12:22:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Marco Antônio Teixeira de Amaral.pdf: 2105372 bytes, checksum: 22ca9c4fb5f213a3960d00b580e590de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / A preocupação com o esgotamento dos recursos naturais e a conscientização sobre as questões ligadas à sustentabilidade provocaram o estudo em um setor que tem sido apontado como de grande importância para a transformação do meio ambiente: a construção civil. Com isso percebemos o surgimento de um conjunto de práticas e procedimentos visando as chamadas 'construções sustentáveis', que introduziram uma nova realidade comercial no segmento da construção civil. Para avaliar se uma construção é ou não sustentável surgiram os eco-labellings, que através de sistema de pontuação ou conceitos permitem avaliar qualitativamente em que grau de sustentabilidade uma edificação encontra-se. Em especial, o mercado brasileiro vem, desde 2004, buscando a certificação ambiental LEED; sendo assim, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo identificar, após quase uma década desde a primeira submissão de projeto brasileiro ao USGBC, quais ainda são as dificuldades enfrentadas no processo de certificação LEED. O referencial teórico reforçou que o segmento da construção civil contribui de duas formas para a degradação do meio ambiente: no consumo de recursos naturais e energéticos, e na geração de grande quantidade de resíduos. Por esse motivo, estudos nessa área são extremamente importantes para a transformação do meio ambiente, que, através da adoção de práticas construtivas sustentáveis poderá minimizar os impactos gerados. Neste trabalho, optou-se pela utilização de pesquisa exploratória quanto aos fins, uma vez que existe pouco conhecimento acumulado sobre a avaliação do processo de certificação LEED, e bibliográfica, complementada com pesquisa de campo, quanto ao meio, pois fundamenta-se em estudo desenvolvido com base em material publicado, complementado por entrevistas no campo. Este trabalho caracteriza-se por se um estudo introdutório à compreensão do tema e convida a estudos complementares mais abrangentes, dada a relevância do assunto nas três esferas de sustentabilidade: social, ambiental e econômica. / Concern about the depletion of natural resources and awareness of sustainability issues led the study in an industry that has been shown to be important for the transformation of the environment: construction. Thus we see the emergence of a set of practices and procedures for so-called 'sustainable buildings', which introduced a new commercial reality in the construction segment. To assess whether or not a building is sustainable eco-labellings emerged that through scoring system or concepts allow qualitatively evaluate the degree to which sustainability is a building. In particular, the Brazilian market has, since 2004, seeking LEED certification, so in this thesis aims to identify, after nearly a decade since the first submission to the USGBC Brazilian project, which still are the difficulties faced in the process LEED certification. The theoretical stressed that the construction industry contributes in two ways to the degradation of the environment: the consumption of energy and natural resources, and the generation of large amounts of waste. Therefore, studies in this area are extremely important for the transformation of the environment, which, through the adoption of sustainable building practices can minimize the impacts. In this work, we chose to use exploratory research as to the purposes, since there is little accumulates knowledge on the evaluation of the LEED certification process, and literature, complemented with field research, about the middle, because is based on a study supported on published material, supplemented by interviews in the field. This work is characterized by an introductory study to the understanding of the topic and invites further studies are more comprehensive, given the relevance of the subject in the three spheres of sustainability: social, environmental and economic.

Tato práce se zaměřuje na představení městské zeleně jako důležitý prvek udržitelné výstavby, a především jako prvek, který zbavuje okolní vzduch znečištění a přispívá k lepšímu prostředí ve městech. Dále se tato diplomová práce zabývá vztahem mezi městskou zelení a znečištěním ovzduší oxidem uhličitým v Brně. Ve městě byla prováděná měření koncentrací oxidu uhličitého, kyslíku a sekundárních veličin po dobu půl roku od června do listopadu roku 2019. Měření byla prováděna na čtyřech místech v Brně a dále tato data byla mezi sebou porovnána. Dále byla navrhnuta zelená opatření. Ve dvou vybraných lokalitách v Brně byly vybrány střechy, na které byla navrhnuta extenzivní zelená střecha.

The goal of the thesis is firstly to get all the information about the initial state of solved block of flats, which is located on the street Merhautova 76/954 in Brno – Černá pole, in terms of constructions, energy consumption and initial state of heating system. In the second part of the thesis, where are discussed the possibilities of reduction of energy consumption, variant drafts of reduction of energy consumption and their financial costs and the choice of optimal variant. Third part deals with assement of solved block of flats in terms of sustainable built environment by using tool to rate buildings in terms of sustainable built environment - SBToolCZ, evaluation of possibility to use renewables. In the end are written summaries and recommendations.