This study examines the integration of urban agriculture into smart cities in the Netherlands, with an emphasis on stakeholder roles and the institutional environment. The study investigates the complex interaction between local governments, businesses, academic institutions, community groups, and residents using the theoretical frameworks of Scott's institutional theory, stakeholder salience theory, and Moore's business ecosystem theory. The study uses semi-structured interviews with important stakeholders to identify each group's power, legitimacy, and urgency, as well as to investigate their relationships and collaboration. Key findings show that local governments play an important role in regulatory support, land use facilitation, and financial incentives, whereas businesses promote technological innovation and economic viability. Academic institutions make significant contributions to research and technological developments, while community groups promote social sustainability and local participation. Residents, as end users, affect urban agriculture by their engagement and demand. Institutional barriers such as regulatory hurdles, financial constraints, and cultural resistance hinder the integration of urban agriculture. Supportive policies, financial incentives, community engagement, and educational initiatives have been stated as crucial facilitators. To address these barriers, the study underlines the importance of streamlining regulatory processes, developing comprehensive food strategies, and increasing public awareness. Urban agriculture can be successfully integrated into smart city frameworks by leveraging the collaborative potential of varying stakeholders and building a supportive institutional environment. This integration fosters sustainable urban development, improves community well-being, and addresses food security, environmental management, and social cohesion issues. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners to build resilient, innovative, and inclusive urban ecosystems, adding valuable insights to the field of sustainable urban development.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sustainable development has gained great interest at global, national and local community levels. For instance, governments, civil societies, the commercial sector as well as local communities have responded to the agreed framework of UNCED known as Agenda 21, developed at the „Earth Summit‟ held at Rio de Janeiro in 1992, inter alia through the development of indicators aimed at monitoring and evaluating the achievement of sustainable development. As a result, different tools to measure the level of sustainability have been developed and applied in many cities globally. These include different types of indicators, namely environmental, social, and economic performance monitoring indicators, as well as combined indices. Since cities are dynamic complex open systems with interrelated social, economic and environmental systems, and sustainable development cannot be absolutely achieved, integrated sustainable development indicators that concurrently address social, economic and environmental dimensions are crucial to aid in monitoring sustainable development particularly in any given urban system. This study gives an overview of these indicators and indices. The South Africa government has acknowledged in both its National Framework for Sustainable Development of September 2006 and the Draft National Strategy for Sustainable Development and Action Plan of May 2010 that like other cities globally, cities in this country face similar challenges particularly due to urbanisation. In this study, the focus is on evaluating the sustainability challenges of the City of Cape Town and the role sustainability indicators could play in helping to achieve sustainable development objectives. This is supported by a review of the so called „sustainable cities‟ and in particular how the Cities of Seattle (USA), Santa Monica (USA) and Curitiba (Brazil) have tried to address urban challenges. To meet the study objective of recommending the type and a process of developing indicators that will aid in improving sustainability in the City of Cape Town, selected indicators and indexes developed globally, nationally and for other cities are critically reviewed. Selected policies, plans and indicators developed by the South African national government, the Western Cape provincial government, and the City of Cape Town are reviewed. The review aims at investigating whether the existing policies and indicators were useful in addressing sustainability challenges particularly in the City of Cape Town. The review focuses on the policy objectives to assess whether the policies contradicted or were supportive of each other, the existence or lack thereof of gaps in the policies, and whether local communities and other stakeholders were involved in decision making processes. The findings suggests that although sustainable development is addressed in the policy documents of all three spheres of government in South Africa, the implementation has not yet been effective – and the City of Cape Town is no exception based on published reports such as the State of Cape Town Report. On the basis of the lessons derived from the success stories of cities like Seattle, Santa Monica, and Curitiba towards achieving sustainability, several recommendations are suggested to assist the City of Cape Town in developing, implementing, and reporting on sustainability indicators. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Op internasionale, nasionale asook plaaslike gemeenskapsvlakke het volhoubare ontwikkeling groot belangstelling gelok. In reaksie op die ooreengekome raamwerk van UNCED, Agenda 21, ontwikkel by die “Earth Summit” (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), is aanwysers gemik op die monitering en implementering van volhoubare ontwikkeling deur regerings, burgerlike samelewings, die kommersiële sektor asook plaaslike gemeenskappe ontwikkel. Dit het gelei tot die ontwikkeling en implementering van verskillende instrumente vir die meet van volhoubaarheid in verskeie stede wêreldwyd. Hierdie instrumente sluit in verskillende aanwysers, ondermeer omgewings-, sosiale-, ekonomiese- en prestasie aanwysers asook gekombineerde indekse. Omdat stede dinamies komplekse ope sisteme met interafhanklike sosiale, ekonomiese en omgewingssisteme is, en volhoubare ontwikkeling nie absoluut bereikbaar is nie, is geintegreerde volhoubare ontwikkelings aanwysers wat sosiale, ekonomiese en omgewings dimensies gelyktydig aanspreek van kritieke belang in die monitering van volhoubare ontwikkeling, spesifiek in enige gegewe stedelike sisteem. In beide sy nasionale raamwerk vir volhoubare ontwikkeling (Julie 2008) en nasionale strategie vir volhoubare ontwikkeling en Aksie plan (weergawe van 20 Mei 2010) het die Suid Afrikaanse regering erken dat plaaslike stede, soos ander wêreldwyd, dieselfde uitdagings in die gesig staar veral as gevolg van verstedeliking. Die fokus van hierdie studie was die evaluering van die volhoubaarheids-uitdagings van die Stad Kaapstad en die moontlike rol wat volhoubaarheids-aanwysers kan speel in ʼn poging om volhoubare ontwikkelings doelwitte te bereik. Hierdie word ondersteun deur ʼn oorsig van die sogenaamde “volhoubare stede” en spesifiek hoe stede soos Seattle (VSA), Santa Monica (VSA), en Curitiba (Brasilië) stedelike uitdagings probeer aanspreek het. Ten einde die studie doelwit aangaande die aanbeveling van die ontwikkelingsproses van aanwysers en indekse vir die verbetering van volhoubaarheid in die Stad Kaapstad te bereik, is verskeie internasionale, nasionale sowel as stedelike volhoubare ontwikkelings indekse krities geëvalueer. Geselekteerde beleid, planne en aanwysers wat deur die Suid Afrikaanse Nasionale regering, die Wes Kaapse provinsiale regering en die Stad Kaapstad ontwikkel is, is ondersoek. Die doel van hierdie evaluasie was om vas te stel of bestaande beleid en aanwysers nuttig is, in die aanspreek van volhoubaarheids-uitdagings spesifiek in die Stad Kaapstad. Die fokus van die evaluasie was op beleidsdoelwitte ten einde te bepaal of: verskeie beleid teenstrydigheid toon of andersins ondersteunend is, die bestaan of gebrek aan leemtes in beleid en of plaaslike gemeenskappe en of ander belange groepe in die besluitnemingsproses betrokke is. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat alhoewel volhoubare ontwikkeling in beleidsdokumente van al drie sfere van die Suid Afrikaanse regering aangespreek word, die implementering daarvan nog nie so doeltreffend is nie - en gebaseer op gepubliseerde verslae soos die stand van Kaapstad, is die Stad van Kaapstad nie ʼn uitsondering nie. Na aanleiding van lesse geleer uit die sukses verhale van stede soos Seattle, Santa Monica en Curitiba in die bereiking van volhoubare ontwikkeling is verskeie aanbevelings gemaak om die Stad Kaapstad by te staan in die ontwikkeling, implementering, en rapportering van volhoubaarheids-aanwysers.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis reports on an evaluative study of the sustainability of housing development by the City of Cape Town with the Witsand, Atlantis, housing project as case study to empirically measure such sustainability. The study was attempted to determine how the City of Cape Town has planned for and implemented sustainability measures and what the results were in the Witsand project. The research therefore determined to what extent the expressed policy intent of sustainability housing delivery was implemented successfully in Witsand in terms of output and outcomes. The objectives of this study included outlining a theoretical and analytical framework for sustainable development as prescribed in the National, Provincial and Local Government policies and relevant legislation. An evaluative case study is provided, describing how the City of Cape Town implemented its policy in practice. This housing project was chosen because it is claimed to be the first large-scale integrated sustainable housing project in South Africa. The research methodology entailed an analysis of relevant literature, policies, legislation and project design documentation. In addition, the field work utilised a semi-structured mixed questionnaire for conducting interviews with the Project Manager, community development worker and a sample of residents. The research found that the City of Cape has followed the sustainability blueprint as far as their means allowed. The satisfaction level of the community is high. It was found, however, that the people, even though they received houses that were designed and constructed to take full advantage of the environment without harming it; lack the knowledge to maintain sustainable, energy conserving living. This indicates that sustainability in low income housing is not only a matter of design and technology, but also of instilling a particular behaviour amongst beneficiaries. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis voer ‘n evaluering studie van die volhoubaarheid van behuising deur die Stad Kaapstad by die Witsand, Atlantis projek, wat as ‘n gevallestudie om sodanige volhoubaarheid empiries te meet, gedien het. Die studie is onderneem om te bepaal hoe die Stad Kaapstad volhoubaarheidsmaatreëls beplan en geïmplementeer het, en wat die resultate van die Witsand projek was. Die navorsing het dus bepaal tot watter mate die uitdruklike beleidsvoornemens vir die lewering van volhoubare huisverskaffing in terme van uitset en uitkomste suksesvol in Witsand geïmplementeer is. Die doelstellings van hierdie studie het die skets van ‘n teoretiese en analitiese raamwerk vir volhoubare ontwikkeling, soos in Nasionale, Provinsiale en Plaaslike beleid en toepaslike wetgewing voorgeskryf, ingesluit. ‘n Evaluerende gevallestudie wat beskrywe hoe die Stad Kaapstad se beleid prakties uitgevoer is, word voorsien. Hierdie projek is gekies vanweë die aanspraak dat dit die eerste grootskaalse geïntegreerde volhoubare projek vir huisverskaffing in Suid-Afrika was. Die navorsingsmetodologie het ‘n ontleding van toepaslike literatuur, beleid, wetgewing en gedokumenteerde projekontwerp behels. Daarbenewens het die veldwerk gebruik gemaak van ’n gemengde semi-gestruktureerde vraelys vir onderhoude met die Projekbestuurder, gemeenskapsontwikkeling werker en ‘n steekproef van die inwoners. Die navorsing het bevind dat die Stad Kaapstad die bloudruk vir volhoubaarheid sover as die stad se middele kon toelaat, gevolg het. Die bevredigingsvlak van die gemeenskap is hoog. Daar is egter gevind dat die mense, ten spyte daarvan dat hulle van huise voorsien is wat ontwerp en gebou is om sonder enige skade aan die omgewing ten volle daaruit voordeel te trek, kennis ontbreek om op volhoubare wyse en met besparing van energie te lewe. Dit dui daarop dat volhoubaarheid in lae-inkomste behuising nie maar net ‘n kwessie van ontwerp en tegnologie is nie, maar ook vereis dat ‘n bepaalde soort gedrag onder die begunstigdes gevestig moet word.

O objetivo geral deste estudo é identificar desafios e perspectivas para avaliação e melhoria da mobilidade urbana através de padrões sustentáveis de geração de viagens. A investigação se baseia na aplicação de procedimentos específicos, que têm início com o cálculo do Índice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável (IMUS), em seis cidades brasileiras selecionadas: Belém, Curitiba, Goiânia, Juazeiro do Norte, Uberlândia e Itajubá. Além de permitir comparações entre as cidades, a aplicação do índice em vários locais serve também para identificar as mudanças que poderiam ser implementadas em sua estrutura para torná-lo mais flexível na utilização em distintos contextos. O estudo também se concentra em estratégias de planejamento para a melhoria da mobilidade urbana sustentável, com duas abordagens. Na primeira, uma avaliação simultânea de custo, prazo e risco político é levada em conta. Na segunda abordagem, um cenário hipotético é utilizado para avaliar os impactos de padrões sustentáveis de geração de viagem sobre a mobilidade urbana. Os resultados do índice indicaram que Curitiba, Uberlândia e Goiânia tiveram um desempenho melhor do que Itajubá, Belém e Juazeiro do Norte, em relação às condições de mobilidade urbana sustentável. Estes resultados também destacaram a importância do contexto nas condições de mobilidade de cada cidade estudada. As menores cidades e as das regiões mais ricas do país, por exemplo, tiveram, em geral, um desempenho melhor do que as demais. Outro fato relevante é que apenas 53% dos 87 indicadores foram calculados em todas as seis cidades, o que sugere que podem ser necessárias mudanças nos métodos de cálculo de alguns indicadores. Por outro lado, um resultado positivo da aplicação do índice em cidades distintas foi a possibilidade de identificar os aspectos comuns que ajudaram a promover a mobilidade sustentável, bem como aqueles que atuaram como obstáculos para tal. Uma forte relação entre boas condições de mobilidade e a viabilidade de ações para melhorá-las ainda mais também foi observada nos casos estudados. Mais importante do que essas observações, no entanto, podem ser os casos de indicadores com desempenho ruim, mas com boas expectativas de melhora. Estas são áreas potenciais para ações destinadas à promoção da mobilidade urbana sustentável. / The overall aim of this study is to identify challenges and perspectives for the assessment and improvement of the urban mobility through sustainable trips generation patterns. The investigation is based on the application of specific procedures, which start with the calculation of the Index of Sustainable Urban Mobility (I_SUM) in six selected Brazilian cities: Belém, Curitiba, Goiânia, Juazeiro do Norte, Uberlândia, and Itajubá. The application of I_SUM in several cities allows for comparisons between the cities. In addition, it also serves to identify changes that could be implemented in the index structure to make it more flexible for use in distinct contexts. The study also focuses on planning strategies for the improvement of sustainable urban mobility, with two approaches. In the first one, a simultaneous assessment of cost, time and political risk is taken into account. In the second approach, a hypothetical scenario is used to assess the impacts of sustainable trip generation patterns on urban mobility. The index results indicated that, re garding the sustainable urban mobility conditions, Curitiba, Uberlândia and Goiânia had a better performance than Itajubá, Belém and Juazeiro do Norte. These results also highlighted the importance of the context in the mobility conditions of each studied city. The smallest cities and those in the wealthier part of the country, for example, had in general a better performance than the others. Also relevant is the fact that only 53% of the 87 indicators have been calculated in all six cities, what suggests that changes in the calculation methods of some indicators may be needed. On the other hand, a positive outcome of the index application in distinct cities was the possibility of detecting the common aspects that helped to foster sustainable mobility, as well as those that acted as obstacles. A strong relationship between good mobility conditions and the feasibility of actions to further improve these conditions was also observed in the studied cases. More important than those observations, however, may be the cases with bad performance but high expectations of improvement. These are potential areas for actions meant to foster sustainable urban mobility.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-06T18:44:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATA COVISI PEREIRA.pdf: 1582187 bytes, checksum: ba134ebb5f044e24a48b61942a2c7db5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T18:44:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATA COVISI PEREIRA.pdf: 1582187 bytes, checksum: ba134ebb5f044e24a48b61942a2c7db5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-17 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas - PUC - Campinas / The concept of sustainability can be applied to the various forms of relationship between man and his habitat. The displacements of people and goods are aspects of the living conditions in the cities and their unfolding, representing part of this association. The process of urbanization and the widespread growth of the cities interfere with these displacements, causing problems in urban mobility. The collective urban transport, which can be an alternative to boost mobility and reduce the use of individual transport, has been weakened and scrapped by policies that go against sustainability. The use of fossil fuel, a consequence of the road transportation option for people and goods, is known as one of the main causes for pollution. In this context, the intense use of motorized transport makes it necessary to deepen the debate on sustainable urban mobility. The main purpose of this research is to discuss sustainable urban mobility, focusing on collective public transportation, its social and economic effects and the environmental impacts of different types of fuel. To achieve this goal, different methods will be used: bibliographic research, elaboration of an index of sustainable urban mobility and Full Cost Accounting Evaluation. These should help answering the following question: Can sustainable urban mobility be achieved by expanding and improving collective urban transport, with the use of renewable fuels (biodiesel and electricity) replacing fossil fuels (diesel) a being good alternative for these advances? As results we found that, in the city of Campinas, sustainable mobility has been negatively affected by the indiscriminate use of individual motorized vehicles, the consumption of fossil fuels, and by the constant increase of the fleet. Finally, from the comparison carried through the Full Cost Accounting Evaluation, it can be observed that the use of electric-powered buses, when compared to diesel and biodiesel, is the best alternative in all three dimensions of sustainability, specially in the environmental dimension. / O conceito de sustentabilidade pode ser aplicado ?s diversas formas de rela??o entre o homem e seu habitat. Os deslocamentos de pessoas e mercadorias s?o aspectos das condi??es de vida nas cidades e seus desdobramentos, representando parcela dessa associa??o. O processo de urbaniza??o e a amplia??o da ?rea ocupada pelas cidades dificultam esses deslocamentos, causando problemas na mobilidade urbana. O transporte coletivo urbano, que pode ser uma alternativa para dinamizar a mobilidade e reduzir a utiliza??o do transporte individual, tem sido enfraquecido e sucateado por pol?ticas que v?o na contram?o da sustentabilidade. O uso de combust?veis f?sseis, consequ?ncia da op??o pelo transporte rodovi?rio de pessoas e mercadorias, ? conhecido como uma das principais causas da polui??o atmosf?rica. Nesse contexto, o intenso uso de transporte motorizado torna necess?rio aprofundar o debate sobre a mobilidade urbana sustent?vel. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa ? discutir a mobilidade urbana sustent?vel, com foco no transporte p?blico coletivo, seus efeitos sociais, econ?micos e os impactos ambientais dos diferentes tipos de combust?vel. Para isso ser?o utilizados diferentes m?todos: pesquisa bibliogr?fica, elabora??o de um ?ndice de mobilidade urbana sustent?vel e Avalia??o de Custos Completos. Estes dever?o auxiliar na resposta ? seguinte quest?o: A mobilidade urbana sustent?vel pode ser alcan?ada por meio da amplia??o e melhoria no transporte coletivo urbano, sendo a utiliza??o de combust?veis renov?veis (biodiesel e eletricidade) em substitui??o aos f?sseis (diesel) uma boa alternativa para esses avan?os? Como resultados temos a indica??o de que, no munic?pio de Campinas, a mobilidade sustent?vel tem sido afetada negativamente pelo uso indiscriminado de ve?culos individuais motorizados, pelo consumo de combust?veis f?sseis, e pelo aumento constante da frota. Por fim, a partir da compara??o por meio da Avalia??o de Custos Completos, pode-se observar que a utiliza??o de ?nibus movidos ? energia el?trica, em compara??o com o diesel e o biodiesel, ? a melhor alternativa nas tr?s dimens?es da sustentabilidade, com destaque para a dimens?o ambiental.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:49:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IVANILDE MARIA DE REZENDE ABDALA.pdf: 5265455 bytes, checksum: afb9c0d185f08b6747c0488a49d8fb8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-22 / The increasing concentration of the population in the cities resulted from a very rapid and uncontrolled urbanization process and the absence of public policies to regulate the indiscriminate use of private motorized vehicles has resulted, in the major Brazilian cities, in a significant increase of the number of vehicles and, hence in the deterioration of quality of urban life. The necessity of an urban planning that is able to better integrate the use and occupation of urban spaces and the mobility derived from them, has lead to many studies and research in order to develop indicators and indexes to measure the quality of life associated with the quality of mobility. Intending to do that Costa, 2008, developed the Index of Sustainable Urban Mobility (I_SUM). This index evaluates qualitatively and qualitatively many aspects belonging to the concept of mobility, including the essential scenarios social, economic and environmental. This study aims the applications of the index in Goiania (GO) city, in order to make a diagnosis of the urban mobility conditions in the city in the light of this methodology and offer subsidies to the city decision- makers referring to implementation and monitoring of public policies to promote the sustainable urban mobility and hence the quality of urban life. Results of the study indicate that the city it is still far from to reach a high level of sustainable mobility (1,0), but despite of its not very satisfactory index (0,658), the value indicates that the city it is in the track towards the principles of sustainable urban mobility. / A concentração cada vez maior da população nas cidades, resultado de um processo de urbanização rápido e descontrolado e a ausência de políticas públicas que disciplinem o uso indiscriminado do veículo motorizado individual, tem resultado, na maioria das cidades brasileiras, em aumento significativo do número de veículos. Resulta também na consequente deterioração da mobilidade e da qualidade da vida urbana. A necessidade de um planejamento que integre melhor o uso e ocupação do espaço urbano e a mobilidade decorrente tem levado a estudos e investigações na busca de indicadores e índices capazes de medir a qualidade de vida da população associando-a à qualidade da mobilidade. Nesta direção foi desenvolvido por (Costa 2008), o Índice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável IMUS, o qual avalia quantitativamente e qualitativamente vários aspectos pertinentes à mobilidade, incluindo os cenários essenciais social, econômico e ambiental. Esta dissertação objetiva a aplicação deste índice na cidade de Goiânia (GO) de forma a oferecer um diagnóstico das condições de mobilidade na cidade à luz desta metodologia. A partir da avaliação do desempenho de cada indicador, também objetiva oferecer subsídios à tomada de decisão dos gestores públicos no que se refere aos processos de formulação, implantação e monitoramento de políticas públicas com vistas à promoção da mobilidade urbana sustentável e consequentemente da qualidade de vida na cidade. Os resultados indicam que embora ainda distante de alcançar níveis de sustentabilidade plenamente satisfatória (próximo de 1,0), o valor calculado (0,658) sugere, entretanto, que a mobilidade em Goiânia começa a trilhar, mesmo que de forma ainda tímida, os princípios da sustentabilidade.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a demanda potencial para um sistema de compartilhamento de bicicletas pedelecs no campus da USP de São Carlos, com foco nos deslocamentos de estudantes entre as duas áreas do campus. Para tanto, foi elaborado um conjunto de procedimentos, que constituem duas etapas: caracterização do público-alvo e análise da demanda potencial pelas bicicletas pedelecs compartilhadas. Na primeira etapa foi aplicado um questionário, elaborado com a técnica de preferência declarada, para verificar as preferências dos usuários em relação às pedelecs compartilhadas e ao ônibus operado pela USP. Os resultados desta consulta, que envolveu variáveis de condições meteorológicas, situação de ciclovias/ciclofaixas entre as áreas do campus e lotação do ponto de ônibus USP, foram posteriormente utilizados para calibrar um modelo logit e treinar uma Rede Neural Artificial (RNA). Na segunda etapa foi elaborada uma planilha eletrônica com os dados obtidos na coleta, a fim de analisar as probabilidades de escolha da pedelec (ao invés do ônibus USP). Nesta planilha também foram utilizados dados do histórico meteorológico de São Carlos no período entre 2011 e 2015. Alguns dos resultados obtidos são destacados na sequência. A probabilidade de escolha das pedelecs é, em média, três vezes maior quando existem ciclovias/ciclofaixas (em relação à ausência da referida infraestrutura cicloviária). A ocupação do ponto de ônibus USP também é impactante, pois as probabilidades de uso da bicicleta pedelec praticamente dobram quando o ponto está cheio. No caso da meteorologia, foi constatado que as maiores probabilidades ocorrem no Outono e no Inverno, ou seja, nas épocas em que se concentram os dias mais secos e com menores temperaturas. Para o período letivo de 2011 a 2015, considerando a situação atual (isto é, sem ciclovias/ciclofaixas entre as áreas), os valores de probabilidade de uso da pedelec correspondem a 9% com o ponto vazio e 19% com o ponto cheio. Se houvesse ciclovias/ciclofaixas, a probabilidade seria de até 54%. Desse modo, a estratégia de análise desenvolvida conceitualmente, bem como implantada em planilha eletrônica, se constitui em importante ferramenta de auxílio para a condução da política de transportes que a Prefeitura do campus irá adotar para os anos futuros. Além disso, evidencia uma possível demanda potencial para um sistema com pedelecs compartilhadas. / The objective of this study was to analyze the potential demand for a pedelec sharing system at the São Carlos campus of the University of São Paulo (USP), aiming at the displacements of students between the two campus Areas. The set of procedures developed to reach the objective has involved two steps: characterization of the target audience and analysis of the potential demand for shared pedelecs. The first step was accomplished with a questionnaire designed with a stated preference approach for identifying users\' preferences regarding shared pedelecs and the bus system operated by the university. The survey results, which involved variables of weather conditions, existence of bike paths/bike lanes between the campus Areas, and occupancy rates at the USP bus stop, were subsequently used to calibrate a logit model and to develop an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The survey data were also used in the second step of the process, in which an electronic spreadsheet was created to analyze the probabilities of choosing the pedelec alternative (instead of the bus route operated by university). The spreadsheet was also fed with meteorological data of São Carlos in the period between 2011 and 2015. Some of the obtained outcomes are highlighted in the sequence. The probability of a pedelec being chosen is almost three times higher if bike paths/bike lanes do exist than if they do not exist. The occupancy rates of the bus stop are also particularly relevant. The probability of someone choosing a pedelec nearly doubles when the bus stop is crowded. Regarding the weather conditions, the highest probabilities are observed in the Fall and Winter seasons, i. e. in the driest and coldest days. For the entire academic period comprised between 2011 and 2015, the probabilities range from 9% (empty bus stop) to 19% (full bus stop), considering the current situation (i. e. no cycleways connect the two campus Areas). In the presence of this cycling infrastructure, however, the probability goes up to 54%. Thus, the strategy of analysis conceptually developed, and made available through an electronic spreadsheet, may be an important support tool for the implementation of transport policies by the campus administration. In addition, it highlights a likely potential demand for a system of shared pedelecs.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-10-22T17:04:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lisandro Iusry Abulatif_.pdf: 18106734 bytes, checksum: 657793d70764433115d64c43314373b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-22T17:04:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lisandro Iusry Abulatif_.pdf: 18106734 bytes, checksum: 657793d70764433115d64c43314373b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-13 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho trata da criação e implementação de um modelo conceitual de engajamento intersetorial orientado ao desenvolvimento urbano sustentável no município de Guaíba no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O modelo é denominado Estratégia de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, o qual é composto pelas etapas de formação de equipe multidisciplinar, diagnóstico situacional, proposição e alinhamento de intervenções, monitoramento e avaliação, reconhecimento de desempenho e renovação e expansão de atividades e parcerias. A metodologia de pesquisa-ação foi utilizada para a implementação das etapas, combinada com a abordagem de estudo de caso para o relato da experiência e apresentação de resultados. Os resultados indicaram que a Estratégia de Desenvolvimento Sustentável viabilizou melhorias na articulação entre secretarias do executivo municipal, identificação de dados relevantes para uso no processo de planejamento urbano e estímulo ao alinhamento entre representantes dos setores público, setor privado e sociedade civil na elaboração e execução de iniciativas relacionadas à sustentabilidade urbana. Neste sentido foi possível identificar a viabilidade do modelo proposto, bem como sua possível adaptação e replicação a outros municípios. / This research deals with the creation and implementation of a intersectoral engagement framework focused on sustainable urban development in the municipality of Guaíba in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The framework is called the Sustainable Development Strategy, which is composed by the steps of multidisciplinary team composition, situational awareness, proposition and alignment of interventions, monitoring and evaluation, general review and expansion and renewal of activities and partnerships. The action-research methodology was used for the implementation of the steps, combined with the case study approach for reporting the experience and presenting its results. The results indicated that the Sustainable Development Strategy enabled improvements in the articulation between municipal executive secretariats, identification of relevant data for use in the urban planning process, and encouragement of alignment among representatives of the public sector, private sector and civil society in the elaboration and execution of initiatives related to urban sustainability. In this sense, it was possible to identify the feasibility of the proposed model, as well as its possible adaptation and replication to other municipalities.

O objetivo geral deste estudo é identificar desafios e perspectivas para avaliação e melhoria da mobilidade urbana através de padrões sustentáveis de geração de viagens. A investigação se baseia na aplicação de procedimentos específicos, que têm início com o cálculo do Índice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável (IMUS), em seis cidades brasileiras selecionadas: Belém, Curitiba, Goiânia, Juazeiro do Norte, Uberlândia e Itajubá. Além de permitir comparações entre as cidades, a aplicação do índice em vários locais serve também para identificar as mudanças que poderiam ser implementadas em sua estrutura para torná-lo mais flexível na utilização em distintos contextos. O estudo também se concentra em estratégias de planejamento para a melhoria da mobilidade urbana sustentável, com duas abordagens. Na primeira, uma avaliação simultânea de custo, prazo e risco político é levada em conta. Na segunda abordagem, um cenário hipotético é utilizado para avaliar os impactos de padrões sustentáveis de geração de viagem sobre a mobilidade urbana. Os resultados do índice indicaram que Curitiba, Uberlândia e Goiânia tiveram um desempenho melhor do que Itajubá, Belém e Juazeiro do Norte, em relação às condições de mobilidade urbana sustentável. Estes resultados também destacaram a importância do contexto nas condições de mobilidade de cada cidade estudada. As menores cidades e as das regiões mais ricas do país, por exemplo, tiveram, em geral, um desempenho melhor do que as demais. Outro fato relevante é que apenas 53% dos 87 indicadores foram calculados em todas as seis cidades, o que sugere que podem ser necessárias mudanças nos métodos de cálculo de alguns indicadores. Por outro lado, um resultado positivo da aplicação do índice em cidades distintas foi a possibilidade de identificar os aspectos comuns que ajudaram a promover a mobilidade sustentável, bem como aqueles que atuaram como obstáculos para tal. Uma forte relação entre boas condições de mobilidade e a viabilidade de ações para melhorá-las ainda mais também foi observada nos casos estudados. Mais importante do que essas observações, no entanto, podem ser os casos de indicadores com desempenho ruim, mas com boas expectativas de melhora. Estas são áreas potenciais para ações destinadas à promoção da mobilidade urbana sustentável. / The overall aim of this study is to identify challenges and perspectives for the assessment and improvement of the urban mobility through sustainable trips generation patterns. The investigation is based on the application of specific procedures, which start with the calculation of the Index of Sustainable Urban Mobility (I_SUM) in six selected Brazilian cities: Belém, Curitiba, Goiânia, Juazeiro do Norte, Uberlândia, and Itajubá. The application of I_SUM in several cities allows for comparisons between the cities. In addition, it also serves to identify changes that could be implemented in the index structure to make it more flexible for use in distinct contexts. The study also focuses on planning strategies for the improvement of sustainable urban mobility, with two approaches. In the first one, a simultaneous assessment of cost, time and political risk is taken into account. In the second approach, a hypothetical scenario is used to assess the impacts of sustainable trip generation patterns on urban mobility. The index results indicated that, re garding the sustainable urban mobility conditions, Curitiba, Uberlândia and Goiânia had a better performance than Itajubá, Belém and Juazeiro do Norte. These results also highlighted the importance of the context in the mobility conditions of each studied city. The smallest cities and those in the wealthier part of the country, for example, had in general a better performance than the others. Also relevant is the fact that only 53% of the 87 indicators have been calculated in all six cities, what suggests that changes in the calculation methods of some indicators may be needed. On the other hand, a positive outcome of the index application in distinct cities was the possibility of detecting the common aspects that helped to foster sustainable mobility, as well as those that acted as obstacles. A strong relationship between good mobility conditions and the feasibility of actions to further improve these conditions was also observed in the studied cases. More important than those observations, however, may be the cases with bad performance but high expectations of improvement. These are potential areas for actions meant to foster sustainable urban mobility.

Ecological planning relies on a keen awareness of relationships between biophysical and social processes, then uses this knowledge for decision making in accommodating for human needs. The value of this planning process allows for design intervention while also ensuring a sustained use of the landscape, with these insights blending skill and artistry into place-making. In the 1960s, environmental concerns galvanized a generation of landscape architects who first codified ecological planning as a rationale for decisions with environmental stewardship. While this is the accepted canon, in the early 20th century during a period of experimentation and exploration, the Olmsted Brothers landscape architecture firm was using ecological principles as foundations for landscape architecture practice. This thesis challenges current discourse and accepted history, presenting evidence that the Olmsted Brothers' work in the 1920s predated many modern ecological theories and applications, and is an important addition to the historiography of ecological planning. This thesis largely focuses on Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. as the central historical figure, offering a more in-depth understanding of the evolution of the firm, and fills the gap of the Olmsted legacy. As the children of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr. (1870-1957) along with his brother John Charles Olmsted (1852-1920) co-founded the Olmsted Brothers and created one of the most prolific landscape architecture practices, developing projects in all aspects of landscape design. The Olmsted Brothers' work in California accounts for over 200 projects, and ranks among the highest number of their 5000 designs developed in the United States. In the early 20th century, the city of Los Angeles offered significant ecological, cultural, and technological challenges for the firm, with the city's unbridled urbanization and proliferate use of water and automobility. Rich in solutions, the firm's built and proposed designs over the course of 20 years revealed the discipline of landscape architecture in its richest and most scalar form. From small scale gardens, residential communities, park and parkway systems, to open space and watershed planning, the Olmsted Brothers created public spaces that worked in relationship to the ecology of the region during a critical juncture in the history of regional planning in Southern California. A range of methods were utilized in this thesis. Primary data provided both qualitative and quantitative material for study and was extracted from letters, reports and writing, drawings, photos, plans and maps. Over 20,000 primary documents, written by the firm's principals, provided the basis for analysis, and in a new way, this thesis interprets not only the written documents, but related construction documents developed from 1914 - 1931. As part of its data collection, an original contribution of this study is a comprehensive corpus of Olmsted Brothers source material from their work in Los Angeles. Methodologies sought to modify these documents into a spatial understanding of their work through digital analysis and re-creation of designs. The Olmsted Brothers' design solutions provide insights into today's ongoing concerns about water management, sustainable urban planning, and multifunctional landscapes. Their design proposals solved multiple problems with the design, accounting for not only vast geography, but complex cultural and natural systems within it. The value of their ideas reflects landscape architecture solutions as hybrid, dynamic, and strategic, offering 21st century practitioners paradigms in an ever-changing ecology.