Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Genève, 1994. / Material type: Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 305-323) and index.

"Die Selbsttötung eines schwer leidenden Menschen ist zu rechtfertigen und eine ärztliche Begleitung bis in den Tod wünschenswert. Dies ist das Fazit der Dissertation von Herrn Forßbohm, das er vielfältig, polyperspektivisch und argumentativ wohlbegründet vorgestellt hat." Prof. Dr.Dr. Bernhard Irrgang "Die Arbeit bezieht umfassend die Forschungsliteratur ein. Sie entwickelt das existenzbezogene Problembewusstsein, das für die Problematik nötig ist. Die Analyse der Todesverdrängung bei andererseits allseitiger medialer Todespräsenz ist sehr zutreffend. [...] Die sprachkritische Ebene mit ihren normativen, ethischen Implikationen wird produktiv entwickelt. Die gesamte Analyse zeigt, wie unverzichtbar eine differenzierte, normativ-sinnkriteriale philosophische Reflexion für die Klärung der Problematik ist." Prof. Dr.Dr. Thomas Rentsch

La circulation de l’eau souterraine dans les aquifères contenants des roches évaporitiques peut provoquer des problèmes géo-mécaniques tels que l'affaissement du sol ou l'effondrement. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons au développement de modèles numériques permettant de simuler les écoulements dans les milieux poreux et non poreux ainsi que les phénomènes de dissolution et d’évolution des fractures dans le temps. La première partie de cette thèse est consacrée au développement de nouvelles solutions pour la validation des modèles numériques simulant les écoulements densitaires en milieux poreux. La nouvelle procédure consiste à résoudre simultanément les deux systèmes d’écoulement et de transport en utilisant l’algorithme de Levenberg-Marquardt. L’utilisation de cette technique nous a permis de développer, pour la première fois, des solutions semi-analytiques d’intrusion d’eau salée dans le cas de faible diffusion ainsi que dans le cas d’un grand contraste de densité. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés aux écoulements dans les fractures des roches évaporitiques. Un code de calcul a été développé pour résoudre ce système non linéaire en utilisant des méthodes numériques adaptées. Pour valider ce nouveau modèle, nous avons développé une solution semi-analytique pour les écoulements densitaires de Stokes. La troisième partie de ce travail est consacrée au transport avec dissolution de la roche salée. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié l’influence de différents paramètres sur la dissolution du sel dans l’Adler tunnel situé à une profondeur de 160 m dans la région de Bâle en Suisse. Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à la simulation de l’évolution dune fracture sous l’effet de la dissolution. Le modèle numérique développé prend en compte les écoulements de Stokes ainsi que le transport de masse avec effets densitaires et la dissolution des parois de la fracture. / The groundwater flow in aquifers contain evaporite rocks can cause problems such as geo-mechanical subsidence or collapse. In this work, we focus on the development of numerical models to simulate the flow in porous and non-porous domains in order to study the dissolution phenomenon and fractures evolution over time. The first part of this thesis is devoted to developing new solutions for the validation of numerical models to simulate density driven flow in porous media. The new procedure consist of solving simultaneously the flow and the transport equations using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The use of this technique allowed us to develop, for the first time, semi-analytical solutions of saltwater intrusion in the case of small diffusion and in the case of a large density contrast. In the second part of this work, we studied the flow in evaporitic rocks. A numerical code was developed to solve the nonlinear system using advanced numerical methods. To validate this new model, we have developed a semi-analytical solution for the density Stokes flow. The third part of this work is devoted to transport with dissolution of rock salt. As a first step, we studied the influence of various parameters on the dissolution of salt in Adlertunnel located at a depth of 160 m in the region of Basel in Switzerland. In a second step, we are interested in the simulation of the fracture’s evolution as a result of the dissolution. The numerical model takes into account the Stokes flow and mass transport effects and dissolution of the fracture walls.

Cette thèse de doctorat examine la carrière des managers dans un contexteinternational. Plus précisément, elle s’intéresse aux parcours et modèles de carrièredans un contexte en évolution en prenant comme exemple le cas des managersinternationaux. Nous nous focalisons sur la nature évolutive des carrièresmanagériales, les environnements organisationnels et globaux dans lesquels lescarrières se développent, et la relation réciproque qui existe entre des carrières etdes environnements en évolution. Tous ces aspects sont explorés à travers troisarticles qui reposent sur trois terrains empiriques distincts.Le premier article analyse les profils de carrière des top managers européens dansun contexte d’internationalisation accrue. Des données sur le profil et la carrière deplus de 900 top managers dans quatre pays ont été collectées et analysées. Le butest de vérifier l’hypothèse d’une stabilité des modèles nationaux de carrière etd’identifier les éléments nouveaux liés à l’internationalisation.Le deuxième article se focalise sur les profils des dirigeants des plus grandesentreprises suisses. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’évolution historique sur 30ans (1980–2010) des profils et des carrières d’environ 600 top managers. Cet articlemet en évidence le développement en Suisse d'une communauté internationale detop managers étrangers et analyse les changements dans leurs profils et dans leurscarrières.Le troisième article s’intéresse à l'adaptation interculturelle d'une population de 152employés étrangers (expatriés traditionnels, expatriés volontaires, migrants qualifiés)et 126 conjoints. Cet article étudie différents aspects de l'adaptation, en seconcentrant sur la maîtrise de la langue locale et les pratiques organisationnelles desoutien à l’expatriation. / This doctoral dissertation examines the career of managers in an international context. Specifically, this research focuses on careers patterns in a changing environment using the case of international managers (i.e. managers with a career that develops globally). More broadly, the research looks at the evolving nature of managerial careers, the organizational and global environments in which careers develop, and the reciprocal relationship between changing careers and changing environments, specifically in the context of those with global careers. All these aspects are explored in this doctoral dissertation with three research articles that use three different sets of empirical data.The first article analyzes the career profiles of top European managers in the context of increased internationalization. Data on profiles and careers of more than 900 top managers in four countries has been collected and analyzed. The purpose is to verify the hypothesis of stability in national career models and identify new elements related to internationalization. The second article focuses on the profiles of top managers at the biggest Swisscompanies. We focused on the evolution of profiles and careers of about 600 topmanagers over a 30-years period (1980–2010). This article highlights the development of an international community of foreign top managers in Switzerland and analyzes the changes in their profiles and careers.The third article focuses on the cross-cultural adjustment of a population of 152foreign employees (traditionally-assigned expatriates, self-initiated expatriates, skilled migrants) and 126 spouses. This article studies different aspects of adjustment, focusing on local language proficiency and relocation support practices.

Orientador: Jun Takahashi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T21:22:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chinellato_DavidDobrigkeit_D.pdf: 12088648 bytes, checksum: c79560f4593e813870fc0e788aadf075 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, estudamos a produção de hádrons estranhos em colisões próton-próton (pp) a energias de (s)^(1/2)= 7 TeV medidas pelo experimento ALICE no acelerador LHC. São resentadas medidas inéditas das taxas de produção em rapidez central do méson (K) também dos bárions ?,? e O- e suas antipartículas correspondentes. As taxas totais de produção excedem significativamente as previsões de modelos que utilizam a Cromodinâmica Quântica Perturbativa (pQCD). Em particular, comparamos as medidas com previsões do simulador de eventos PYTHIA, onde é observado que as previsões concordam com as medidas apenas para momentos transversais (Pt) acima de 6- 7 GcV / c. Este resultado indica que os processos de primeira ordem não-nula implementados no PYTHIA estão bem ajustados, mas a implementação de um cálculo que descreva os dados em baixo Pt ainda é um problema em aberto. Os resultados aqui apresentados devem contribuir para melhorar o entendimento dos mecanismos de produção de partículas na região de baixo Pt¿ Colisões pp são também utilizadas como referência para colisões nucleares de diferentes multiplicidades no estudo da formação do Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Em particular, o aumento da produção de estranheza é considerado um importante observável do QGP. Neste contexto, estudamos a dependência da produção de partículas estranhas com a multiplicidade de partículas carregadas e comprovamos que não há indício de aumento da produção relativa de estranheza cm eventos pp. Isto é um importante resultado, pois complementa os estudos que consideram a possibilidade de formação de QGP em colisões pp / Abstract: In this work, we study the production of strange hadrons in proton-proton (pp) collisions at energies of (s)^(1/2)= 7 TeV measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. We present the first measurements of particle yields at central rapidities for the (K)meson as well as for the ?, ? e O- baryon and their antiparticles. Total particle production rates exceed predictions by models that use Perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (pQCD). In particular, we compare our measurements to predictions by the PYTHIA event generator and find that predictions agree with data only at transverse momenta (Pt) higher than 6- 7 GeV / c. This result indicates that the leading order processes implemented in PYTHIA are well adjusted, but the implementation of a calculation that describes the data at low Pt is still an open issue. The results presented here should contribute to improve our understanding of particle production mechanisms at low Pt ¿ Proton-proton collisions are also used as a reference for nuclear collisions of different multiplicities in the study of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) formation. The increase of strangeness production is considered an important observable of the QGP. In this context, we study the dependence of strange particle production with charged particle multiplicity and find that there is no indication of an increase strangeness production rate in pp collisions. This is an important result that contributes to the studies that consider the possibility of QGP formation in pp collisions / Doutorado / Física / Doutor em Ciências

Au cours des années 1930, l’État vaudois vit se développer, sur son territoire, de nombreux courants politiques remettant en cause sa légitimité ainsi que la forme de ses institutions. Il s’agissait des mouvements communistes à caractère révolutionnaire, d’une part, des groupuscules frontistes d’inspiration fasciste, d’autre part. Ces formations, par ailleurs antagonistes, défièrent les autorités de diverses manières et s’affrontèrent également dans l’espace public, dans la rue ou dans la presse. Enfin, la présence dans le canton de colonies italienne et allemande, corsetées par les cadres des partis nationaux, constitua alors un facteur inédit de subversion. Dans ces temps agités, les hommes présidant aux destinées du Pays de Vaud durent défendre l’ordre et la tranquillité publics tout en préservant, dans la mesure du possible, les droits et libertés du plus grand nombre. La présente recherche ambitionne de décrire l’attitude des pouvoirs exécutif, législatif et judiciaire face aux facteurs de troubles et d’agitation ayant parcouru la décennie. Elle analyse les menaces que représentèrent les forces subversives et met en lumière les mesures, préventives et répressives, adoptées par les autorités. Les lois et arrêtés, la correspondance des services de police ainsi que les rapports et notes des inspecteurs de la Sûreté constituent les sources principales de cette thèse. Celles-ci permettent de mettre en évidence la tendance, dans les différents cercles du pouvoir, à considérer de moins en moins les dangers concrets planant sur l’État démocratique, pour mener progressivement une politique emprunte d’autoritarisme et d’une volonté de défendre à tout prix le régime en place. / During the 1930s, the state of Vaud was a favourable ground to many political streams denying its legitimacy as well as the form of its institutions. On the one hand were communist and revolutionary movements, and on the other hand, small frontist groups, inspired by fascism. Besides, those antagonistic factions happened to challenge the authorities in different ways, and also confronted each other in public spaces, in the streets or in the press. At last, the presence of italian and german settlements in the canton, hindered by executives of national parties, appeared to be a new factor in subversion. In these turbulent times, the men who determined the fate of the canton of Vaud had to defend public order and tranquility, while conserving, as often as possible, rights and liberties of the greatest number. The present research strives to describe the behaviour of executive, legislative and judicial powers towards the factors of troubles that went through the decade. It analyses the threats that the subversive forces represented and highlights the preventive and repressive measures adopted by the authorities. Laws and decrees, correspondence of the police services, reports and notes left by the police officers, these are the main sources of this thesis. They bring to light the general trend, in each circle of power, towards less and less considering real dangers for the democratic state, in order to pursue a kind of authoritarian policy and to defend the existing regime at all costs.

L’objectif principal de cette thèse consiste à mettre en évidence la persistance du capitalisme familial en Suisse au cours du 20e siècle, et sa résistance aux capitalismes managérial et financier qui sont censés lui avoir succédé. Pour ce faire, nous avons retenu vingt-deux grandes entreprises du secteur des machines, de l’électrotechnique et de la métallurgie – principale branche de l’industrie suisse pour la période considérée –, pour lesquelles ont été recensés les membres des conseils d’administration et les principaux dirigeants exécutifs pour cinq dates-repère couvrant le siècle (1910, 1937, 1957, 1980 et 2000). Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une démarche pluridisciplinaire qui relève à la fois de l’histoire d’entreprise et de la sociologie des dirigeants, et fait appel à différentes méthodes telles que l’analyse de réseau et l’analyse prosopographique. Elle s’articule autour de trois axes de recherche principaux : le premier vise à mettre en évidence l’évolution des modes de gouvernance dans notre groupe d’entreprises, le second investit la question de la coordination patronale et le troisième a pour but de dresser un portrait collectif des élites à la tête de nos vingt-deux firmes. Nos résultats montrent que durant la majeure partie du siècle, la plupart de nos entreprises sont contrôlées par des familles et fonctionnent sur un mode de coordination hors marché qui repose notamment sur un réseau dense de liens interfirmes, le profil des dirigeants restant dans l’ensemble stable. Si la fin du siècle est marquée par plusieurs changements qui confirment l’avènement d’un capitalisme dit financier ou actionnarial et la mise en place de pratiques plus concurrentielles parmi les firmes et les élites industrielles, le maintien du contrôle familial dans plusieurs entreprises et la persistance de certains anciens mécanismes de coopération nous incitent cependant à nuancer ce constat. / The main objective of this research is to highlight the persistence of family capitalism in Switzerland during the 20th century and its resistance to managerial and financial capitalisms that succeeded. For this purpose, we focus on twenty-two big companies of the machine, electrotechnical and metallurgy sector – the main branch of the Swiss industry for the considered period – whose boards of directors and executive managers have been identified for five benchmarks across the century (1910, 1937, 1957, 1980 and 2000). This thesis relates to business history and elites sociology, and uses different methods such as network analysis and prosopography. It is articulated around three main parts. The aim of the first one is to identify the evolution of corporate governance in our twenty-two enterprises, the second part concentrates on interfirms coordination and the objective of the last one is to highlight the profile of the corporate elite leading our firms. Our results show that during the main part of the century, most of the companies were controlled by families and were characterized by non-market mechanisms of coordination such as interlocking directorates ; moreover, the profile of the corporate elite remained very stable. Although some major changes that took place by the end of the century confirmed a transition towards financial capitalism and more competitive interaction among firms and the corporate elite, the persistence of family control in several companies and the maintaining of some former mechanisms of coordination allow us to put this evolution into perspective.

The diploma thesis deals with geographical aspect of an origin of ice hockey players in selected countries (Czechia, Finland, Slovakia, Sweden and Switzerland) The aim of the thesis is to find out how succesful is the training of professional players in these countries on municipal and club level and a consecutive identification of ice hockey hotbeds. The thesis is divided to the theoretical and the practical part. The theoretical part is focused on the geography of sport and the issue of ice hockey, its history, organization and spreading. The figures of the players, trained in the above mentioned countries, their wages in the NHL, the number of starts at the Olympics and points and the number of the highest league titles are the basis of the analytic part. The figures were used for correlation analysis and comparison. The results show that a territorial diversification of ice hockey players production appears in the most of the countries and the traditional hotbeds prevails, but new ones are developed.

Au coeur de la culture et de l’histoire européennes depuis plus de deux mille ans, le Rhin faitl’objet d’une abondante littérature. La fascination qu’il exerce s’accompagne généralementd’une focalisation sur certains secteurs de son cours dont la Suisse semble exclue, alors que lefleuve prend sa source dans ce pays et qu’il le traverse ou le longe sur environ 250 kilomètres.La Suisse étant, surtout depuis le milieu du XVIIIe siècle, une destination de voyage trèsprisée, l’objectif de notre recherche a été de savoir si l’intérêt apparemment limité pour leRhin helvétique valait également dans le domaine de la littérature de voyage. Basé surl’analyse de guides, d’ouvrages descriptifs et iconographiques et de récits de voyage, leprésent travail a pour objet de mettre en lumière les représentations du fleuve depuis sessources jusqu’à Bâle telles qu’elles ont été véhiculées par la littérature viatique européenne duXVe au XIXe siècle. Notre corpus ne se limitant pas à la sphère germanophone, nous abordonsl’image du Rhin suisse sous un angle comparatiste et proposons un panorama européen desreprésentations en question. Par ailleurs, notre enquête s’inscrit dans l’évolution de laperception du paysage, tant dans ses manifestations naturelles que culturelles, et s’efforce defaire ressortir l’influence de notions comme le sublime et le pittoresque sur les écrits que nosauteurs ont consacrés au tronçon helvétique du fleuve. / The Rhine, which has been in the heart of European culture and history for twothousand years, is the subject of a rich literature. The fascination it exerts goes generallytogether with a focus on some parts of its course of which Switzerland seems to be excluded,although the river springs up in this country and runs across it or along it for 250 km. AsSwitzerland has been a prized destination, particularly since the middle of the 18th century, thepurpose of this study was to know if the apparently limited interest for the Swiss Rhine alsoapplies to Travel literature. Based on the analysis of guide books, descriptive andiconographical books and travel accounts, the present work intends to bring out therepresentations of the river from its spring to Basel, and to show the way European Travelliterature from the 15th to the 19th century conveyed them. As our corpus is not limited to theGerman speaking area, we take up the Swiss Rhine with a comparative point of view andpropose a European panorama of the representations in question. Furthermore, ourinvestigations lie in the evolution of the perception of the landscape in its natural as much asin its cultural expressions, and try to show how notions such as the sublime and thepicturesque influenced the writings our authors consecrated to the Swiss part of the river.

Since the late nineteenth century, Switzerland, a self-professed “playground” and “classroom” of the world, has successfully promoted itself as a desirable destination for international study and tourism. The historically entangled private schooling and tourism industries have steadily communicated idealised images of educational tourism in Switzerland via advertising. Concentrating on the period 1890 -1945 – when promotional ties between tourism organisations and private schools solidified – this thesis investigates the social construction of educational tourist place in two different types of promotion aimed at English-speaking markets: private international school prospectuses and education-focused tourism brochures. An analysis of early prospectuses from three long-standing private international schools and of education-focused tourism guides written by municipal organisations, travel agencies, school boards and the Swiss government revealed highly visual, ideologically-charged textual representations of locations and markets simultaneously defined, idealised and commodified international education in Switzerland. Chapters provide close interpretation of documents and aim, through thick description, to understand specific place-making examples within a wider socio-historical context. Chapter One examines the earliest prospectuses of Le Rosey and Brillantmont, two of the world’s must exclusive Swiss schools (1890-1916). An examination of photo-essay style prospectuses reveals highly selective portrayals of “Château” architecture communicated capacity to deliver a “high-class” and gender appropriate Swiss finishing. Visual cues hallmarking literary and sporting preferences indicated texts catered to the gaze of social-climbing, Anglo-centric markets desirous a continental cosmopolitan education that was not overly “foreign.” Chapter Two analyses the social construction of towns in French-speaking Switzerland as attractive educational centres (1890-1914). It explores how guides promoting Geneva, Neuchâtel and Lausanne constructed an idealised study-abroad landscape through thematic testaments to the educative capacities of local human and natural landscapes. The remaining chapters explore interwar texts. Chapter Three examines a high-altitude institute’s use of the idealising skills of high-end tourism poster artists to manufacture a pleasant, school-like image for the mountain sanatoria-like campus of Beau Soleil. Chapter Four investigates two series of education-focused tourism guidebooks which promoted education in Switzerland. An examination of a Swiss National Tourist Office series reveals discourses of nationhood racialised the Swiss as natural-born pedagogues and constructed Switzerland as a safe, moral destination populated by cooperative, multi-lingual and foreign student-friendly folk. An analysis of R. Perrin Travel Agency’s series explores guidebooks which openly classified education as a tourism commodity. The final chapter examines Le Rosey and Brillantmont’s interwar prospectuses within the context of complex, transnational schooling and school advertising practices. An analysis of images of school sports at winter holiday resorts suggests prospectuses expressed the sense of freedom which accompanies upper-class identity more so than any sense of gender-driven restriction. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate