Governments facilitate cross-border trade to boost economy. Many developed countries have adopted the national Trade Single Window (SW) solution which has a single-entry point for all trade-related papers. However, adoption of such new technology is difficult, especially for less developed countries. Through the example of Pakistan, we shed light on how adopting situation of SW in a developing country is like. Attempts to provide advice for adoption at organizational and individual levels; show appropriate approaches for developing countries; and bridge the SW knowledge gap between the developed and developing worlds. After interviewing ten Pakistani Single Window (PSW) stakeholders, this paper utilizes a thematic analysis to summarize the findings in two theoretical frameworks, the Theory of Acceptance Model with the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Technology-Organization-Environment Framework, from multiple perspectives. Our findings reveal: firstly, that individuals' perceptions of new technology are hampered by a lack of corresponding skill sets and knowledge. Secondly, limited organizational resources and a lack of technological maturity impede adoption. Finally, governmental pressure and support significantly influence stakeholders' adoption in Pakistan. According to the study, people and organizations in Pakistan are involved in corruption during trade; therefore, losing control to old systems has made them resist adoption. We suggest that Blockchain technology potentially enhance PSW adoption alongside with its improvements, but only if the necessary resources and infrastructure would be available, which are missing in Pakistan right now. This study has significant theoretical implications for innovation adoption and practical implications for SW rollout in developing countries, and ultimately, it points to the opportunity for future research.

Digitalization has been going on for a long period of time and has affected large parts of society. Accounting is one of the areas where digitalization has been crucial for efficiency and improved systems. Cloud-based accounting systems, offered by various cloud providers, are one of these systems that has been affected. Collection of data has taken place through a qualitative structure with a multiple case study design, all interviewees have been involved in decision-making around cloud-based accounting systems. By using the service model, TAM-model and TOE-framework, an analysis has been made based on cloud services and what they offer. Based on previous research and the collected data, the service model shows that the advantages of implementing cloud-based accounting systems are cost savings and flexibility. Previous research mentions that the disadvantages of implementation are aspects regarding security and privacy which the collected data partly confirms, however it also shows that developments have taken place in the area. The TAM-model examines factors that influence the acceptance and adoption of cloud- based accounting systems based on usability and ease of use. Previous research and collected data show a positive correlation between these variables and cloud-based accounting systems. The TOE-framework includes factors that influence technology use and technology adoption of cloud-based accounting systems based on technical, organizational and environmental aspects. Previous research and collected data show a positive correlation between these aspects and cloud- based accounting systems.

This phenomenological study explored and described the lived experiences of high school biology teachers from a school district in one of the states in the USA concerning the use of online platforms in online biology teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study interviewed teachers to evaluate the teacher experiences, challenges, and opportunities that online platforms presented in biology instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also analyzed students' perspectives based on the teachers' responses and district data obtained from the student engagement survey administered to all high school students at the school district every year. The findings of the study indicate that students experienced issues such as lack of engagement, unsuitable home environment to support learning, and poor attendance due to minimal monitoring when learning shifted to fully online. Teacher-related factors included inadequate preparedness to use technology to enhance teaching, limited content delivery, and increased teacher collaboration. In conclusion, the study recommends that school districts sufficiently prepare teachers to improve adaptability to different teaching and learning models, emphasizing the use of diverse educational technologies. Future studies should conduct quantitative or mixed studies to establish the extent and degree to which such factors as poor learner engagement contributed to less than satisfactory outcomes in summative and formative assessments.

We are moving towards a more digitalized society; we use smart devices and apps, and we can consume and search for things online. This digitalization provides for massive benefits as our behaviors translate into patterns and information on us, and companies can use this to improve their performance and revenue. However, this digitalization does not only come with benefits but also drawbacks. As we move towards a more digitalized society, risks may arise along the way which may impair our personal autonomy, expose us to risky situations with privacy and cybersecurity issues, and complicate our choices. This thesis investigates consumers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards algorithms, and whether they affect their online behavior, which is also the purpose of the thesis. This thesis uses an exploratory and qualitative method, and in order to fulfill the purpose, long and semi-structured interviews have been conducted with eight interviewees who have shared their thoughts and opinions on different matters related to the increasing presence of algorithms. The main finding is that the consumers’ perceptions of and attitudes towards algorithms are negative. A majority of the interviewees stated that they want for their autonomy to remain intact, that they value their privacy and do not want it to be a tradeoff between privacy and personalization, that they want their “online persona” to be representative, and that they want companies to communicate better and take more responsibility when handling their data. The findings were also that algorithms do not affect the consumer’s online behavior. The study confirms previous studies which have stated that there are benefits and drawbacks with algorithms, and although beneficial, the benefits may impair the consumer’s well-being. The study also confirms that there is a privacy and personalization tradeoff, and in situations where privacy is prominent, trust may promote better marketing outcomes. This study also provides a suggested extension of the paradox of choice by introducing the paradox of customization, and the Technology Acceptance Model which enables investigating acceptance of advanced technologies within devices, rather than acceptance of technology itself.

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Majoriteten av alla utvecklade informationssystem misslyckas. Detta beror på olika faktorer, där otillräcklig användarinvolvering och användaracceptans under utvecklingen är den vanligaste orsaken. Technology Acceptance Model – TAM är en teoretisk modell som studerar användaracceptans och de faktorer som påverkar användaracceptans av ett informationssystem. Denna studie har använt den kvalitativa forskningsmetoden för att testa användningen av TAM vid utvecklingen av ett ärendehanteringssystem hos en offentlig myndighet. Resultatet av denna studie påvisar fördelar med att använda TAM vid utvecklingen av ett informationssystem och att användningen av modellen kan bidra till att utvecklingen av ett informationssystem kan utformas med användarnas preferenser i fokus och på så sätt undvika att användarna inte upplever ärendehanteringssystem som användarvänligt och användbart. Resultaten från denna studie visar också att de identifierade TAM-faktorerna överensstämmer till stor del med befintlig forskning. Samtidigt ger denna studie en mycket djupare förståelse för faktorer som påverkar användaracceptans för ett ärendehanteringssystem för en offentlig myndighet. Framtida forskning bör fokusera på att utvärdera användningen av TAM i början av systemutvecklingsprojektet istället för i slutet när informationssystemet har utvecklats och på att använda TAM för att utvärdera användaracceptans av ärendehanteringssystem som inkluderar både interna och externa användare. / <p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p><p>There are other digital material (eg film, image or audio files) or models/artifacts that belongs to the thesis and need to be archived.</p>

No / Prior work on the technology acceptance model (TAM) is mainly devoted to the influence of TAM’s core motivational factors and their impact on behavioral intent toward IS acceptance. Relatively little research has focused on what specific system design characteristics motivate individuals toward IS acceptance. This article identified specific systems design factors and examined their impact on TAM’s motivational factors through the TAM. The findings will help designers to design and implement better user-accepted systems.

This study investigates vertical farming and its potential as an efficient agricultural method. With significant potential, including higher yields per unit area to address critical issues suchas food shortages. The method boasts increased productivity within a limited space, presenting a substantial crop yield compared to traditional farming practices. This makes VFparticularly relevant in the face of a growing global population, particularly in urban areas,and provides a viable means of cultivating food in regions plagued by challenging climateconditions. Despite its numerous advantages, VF encounters potential challenges, notably interms of customer acceptance. Concerns among the general public may arise due to theunconventional setting of plant production, reliance on artificial light, and associated costs. Consequently, there is a crucial need to delve into and evaluate the acceptance of VF productsby consumers. This thesis aims to provide in-depth insights into the acceptance of VF amongconsumers in European countries. By addressing concerns and perceptions addressingsustainability, cost, and the unconventional nature of VF systems, the research seeks tocontribute valuable knowledge to the discourse on the future of agriculture and its role inmitigating food shortages. Through a nuanced exploration of customer attitudes andexpectations, this study aspires to shed light on the potential challenges and opportunities forthe widespread adoption of vertical farming in European contexts. However, the findings of this paper indicate that, at present, VF products are suitable for aspecific segment of young and affluent consumers. The primary factors influencing thechoice of these particular customers are a general lack of awareness and the high associated costs. The acceptance of VF products by European consumers may positively influence theirpurchasing choices due to factors such as sustainability, technological awareness, innovation,novelty, curiosity, quality, absence of chemicals, freshness, trust in government rules andregulations, and the direct purchase option. Conversely, it could have negative effectsattributable to a high price, lack of awareness, adherence to traditional values or distrust oftechnology, absence of organic labels, or a preference for alternative organic methods. The primary opportunities for customer attraction lie in affluent area supermarkets. Asmentioned earlier, a significant barrier observed among consumers is their lack of awarenessregarding VF products. It is recommended that VF organizations devise strategies tointroduce their products and services via the internet and diverse media, tailored to thegeographic locations of their consumers. Participants with pre-existing knowledge providedthe most positive feedback regarding the acceptance and purchase of VF products. Additionally, given the local proximity of VF to cities, facilitating direct purchases at thefarm could further enhance customer appeal. Positive mentions from participants include trustin the direct supply chain and a lower price. The primary hurdle involves the imperative to expand operations and decrease expenses torevolutionize the industry, making it accessible to a wider audience. Minor challenges includetechnological skepticism, absence of organic labeling, variability in electricity costs, and aprevailing lack of awareness regarding VF, although this may change over time. Prospectiveresearch could quantitatively explore variations among countries and demographic factorsinfluencing customer acceptance of VF products

Background: The increasing reliance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in personalized marketing has reshaped consumer interactions in the digital era. With technological advancements, there is a growing need to explore how AI-driven personalization influences consumer behavior, particularly in satisfaction, loyalty, and ethical considerations. Purpose: This thesis investigates the impact of AI-driven personalized marketing on consumer perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. It aims to understand how trust and ethical considerations such as data privacy and algorithmic bias influence consumer responses and engagement with personalized marketing. Method: Employing a quantitative approach, this study integrates quantitative analysis from surveys conducted on 100 participants. This method provides a comprehensive understanding of the implications of AI-driven personalization. Statistical tools like SPSS were used for data analysis, ensuring rigorous examination of the collected data. Conclusion: The findings reveal a nuanced response to personalized marketing. While AI-driven personalization can enhance consumer engagement and satisfaction, transparency and ethical considerations are critical in securing consumer trust and loyalty. The study underscores the importance of ethical marketing practices and the need for continuous adaptation to technological advancements to align with consumer expectations and ethical standards. This research contributes to academic discussions on personalized marketing and offers strategic insights for integrating technological advancements with consumer-centric approaches in marketing practices.