This work is concerned with five problems in combinatorics. In Josephus problem, people are standing in a circle or in a row and every q-th is executed until only one person remains. We show how to find the survivor, and discuss the generalization when each person has more lives. In Tower of Hanoi, we study the numbers and properties of moves necessary to transport the tower from one rod to another, where the total number of rods is either three or four. We mention related problems with restrictions on the legal moves. In ménage problem, we calculate the number of seatings of couples around a table such that men and women alternate and nobody sits next to his or her partner. We also discuss permutations with restricted positions and rook polynomials. In ballot problem, we consider two candidates competing against each other and calculate the probability that, throughout the count, the first candidate always had more votes than k times the number of votes of the second one; we also mention the relation to Catalan numbers. In Kirkman's schoolgirl problem, the task is to find a weekly schedule for fifteen girls walking daily out in triads so that no two go together more than once. We also discuss the social golfer problem and Schurig's tables.

Deep Wild är ett företag som bland annat   specialiserar sig på produktutveckling och byggande av äventyrsanläggningar.   Kunder till företaget har efterfrågat ett typ av äventyrstorn som det är   möjligt att åka zipline från samt utföra andra aktiviteter såsom klättring   på. Då Deep Wild inte har egen kompetens gällande dimensionering och   projektering av denna typ av torn har en förfrågan skickats ut till studenter   för att se om det fanns intresse att ta fram en lösning på utförandet. Syftet   med arbetet är att undersöka hur ett äventyrstorn som detta kan konstrueras   och ta fram en lösning på utförandet. Tornet dimensioneras enligt gällande   Eurokoder. De laster som genereras av specialutrustningen tornet förses med   finns i Svensk Standard. Två lösningar på möjliga utföranden tas fram, ett   med alla bärande delar i stål och ett med lämpliga bärande delar i trä. Dessa   jämförs sedan med hänsyn till lämplighet. Det visar sig att det finns många   fördelar med att bygga tornet med enbart stålprofiler. Med stål som material kan   alla bärande delar köpas ur det lagerförda sortiment som erbjuds på   marknaden. Med trä finns inga lagerförda dimensioner att tillgå för de laster   som uppstår. Vid de knutpunkter som dimensionerats visar det sig att de   utförda i stål enkelt kan utföras så att de har mycket god säkerhetsmarginal.   Knutpunkterna i träkonstruktionen klarar de dimensionerande lasterna endast   med små marginaler. Genom att mer specialanpassa utseendet hos konstruktionen   och dess verkningssätt så kan möjligtvis utförandet i trä gynnas. En   prisjämförelse mellan de två materialen visar att skillnaden i materialpris   är försumbar i sammanhanget. Två alternativa stabiliseringssystem undersöks   för tornet. Det ena är att staga med en fackverkskonstruktion som använder   sig av dragna stålstänger och tryckta strävor av respektive   utförandematerial. Det andra är att staga tornet genom skivverkan i   klätterväggen som uppförs på tornets ena sida. Skivverkan har sina fördelar   då det möjliggör tryckta strävor på olika höjd i tornet. Fackverkskonstruktionen   är dock att rekommendera då denna kan dimensioneras att ta avsevärt högre   laster. Det naturliga nästa steget i arbetet ligger i att ta fram ett   förfrågningsunderlag tillräckligt komplett för att kalkyleras. / Deep Wild is an   adventure company which specializes in product development among other   things. Customers of the company have been asking for a tower from which it’s   possible to exercise different kinds of adventure activities, such as   ziplining and climbing. Deep Wild doesn’t have in house experience from   constructing supporting structures that are not directly related to the   special equipment used to exercise these activities. Therefore students have   been asked to find a solution on how to construct a tower like this. The   purpose of this study is to investigate how an adventure tower can be   constructed. The tower is structurally designed using Eurocodes and the loads   generated from the activities exercised appear in European Standard. Two   possible solutions for the construction is developed, one with all supporting   parts in steel and one with selected supporting parts in wood. These are then   compared to each other with regard to their performance. The results show   that there are many advantages using only steel profiles. All steel profiles   required for the construction can be bought out of existing stock from   producers. To use wooden profiles it is required to place orders on standard   dimensions that are not part of the producers existing stock. The joints designed   shows that using steel profiles these can easily be designed to provide a   high safety margin. The joints designed using steel connectors to wooden   profiles provides enough support only with small safety margins. By adjusting   the design of the towers supporting system the use of wooden profiles could   possibly be benefitted. A price comparison based on the price of material   shows that the difference between laminated timber and steel in this   construction is negligible. Two alternative ways of stabilizing the tower   have been investigated. One with tensioned steel bracing and compressed   bracing using the different construction materials. The other one using wall   diaphragms on the side of the tower clad with climbing wall. The wall   diaphragms method has its advantages because it makes it possible to place   compressed bracings on different heights in the tower. The system with   tensioned bracings can take higher loads and provide better safety margins   and is therefore the recommended way of stabilizing this tower. The next step   of this project is to provide complete enough material to calculate the cost   of constructing. / <p>Betyg 2018-06-05</p>

Através das representações da violência presentes nas obras ficcionais escritas por Ivan Ângelo A Festa (1976) e A casa de vidro (1979), durante a Ditadura do Pós-64, é possível relacionar o discurso literário às dimensões sociais. Pelo crivo da história e conceitos originários da Crítica Literária e da Literatura Comparada aplicados ao campo da Sociologia da Literatura, é possível compreender com sensibilidade e rigor alguns episódios e elementos da vida social brasileira, tais como: o papel do escritor em tempos de repressão à liberdade de expressão. Esse exercício reflexivo, arriscado e recente na sociologia materializa tanto os estudos literários quanto os sociológicos, de modo que o imaginário adquire status de objeto social, o que introduz, na análise sociológica dos textos (verbais e imagéticos) e suas circunstâncias de produção, a afirmação de uma das características mais sociais e humanas: a narratividade. A escrita criativa é uma fonte de acesso a posicionamentos tanto estéticos quanto políticos, e através dessas interfaces mesclam-se a memória, o esquecimento e a construção da ideia do passado. Por isso, a prática da leitura sob essa via ressignifica o sentido do presente e avança um passo a mais em direção à literatura como um fato social inegável e como ato ao mesmo tempo individual e coletivo que persiste através dos tempos e da cultura nacional. / It is possible to establish relations with literary discourse and social dimensions by means of the representations of violence existent in the fictional works The celebration (1976) and The tower of glass (1979) written by Ivan Ângelo during the Post-64 dictatorship. It is conceivable to comprehend sensibly and rigorously some episodes and elements of Brazilian social life, such as the role of the writer in times of freedom of expression repression by sifting through history and concepts from Literary Criticism and Comparative Literature applied to the field of Sociology of Literature. This risky and recent in sociology reflexive exercise enriches the study of literature and sociology in a way that fictional thought receives status of social object which introduces the statement of one of the most social and human features, the storytelling, in the sociological analysis of verbal and imagery texts and their production circumstances. Creative writing is a source of entry to both aesthetic and political positioning and, through these interfaces, memory, oblivion and the construction of the past are all mixed. Therefore, the practice of reading under this comprehension reframes the meaning of the present and advances another step towards literature as an undeniable and social fact and also as a fact that is at the same time individual and collective and that persists through time and through national culture.

O segmento industrial é um grande usuário de água e, na maior parte das situações, está localizado junto a aglomerações urbanas, caracterizando situação de dificuldade na obtenção deste recurso para as suas operações. As fontes de água estão cada vez mais saturadas e os processos de tratamento mais sofisticados. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade técnico-econômica da implantação do tratamento eletromagnético para água de resfriamento em indústrias químicas, substituindo ou complementando o tratamento químico convencional. O texto descreve inicialmente os fundamentos do tratamento de água baseado na aplicação de campo eletromagnético e, em seguida, os efeitos do uso dessa tecnologia sobre custos anuais de resfriamento em um caso típico da indústria química. Neste estudo foi dada ênfase ao efeito sobre os custos anuais da menor adição de produtos químicos, redução na vazão de purga e de reposição de água, além da redução na frequência de limpeza dos equipamentos e redução da carga poluente nos efluentes líquidos. O estudo foi aplicado a uma torre de resfriamento industrial, para a qual foi elaborado um modelo matemático considerando as taxas de consumo e especificações de água de resfriamento, além de parâmetros do processo de tratamento de água convencional e eletromagnético. São apresentados resultados de um estudo de sensibilidade para diferentes cenários, em que são identificados os fatores com maior efeito sobre os custos. Além disso, na aplicação ao sistema proposto, são estimadas condições ótimas de operação, considerando os ciclos de concentração para os quais pode haver maior redução de custos. Utilizando-se o tratamento eletromagnético para a água de resfriamento, há uma economia significativa, pois o número de paradas para a manutenção dos equipamentos pode ser reduzido. Dessa forma, o produto final do trabalho constitui-se em uma estrutura de cálculo voltada à estimação de custo do tratamento físico de água de resfriamento, o qual pode ser aplicado a diferentes cenários e condições de operação industrial. / The industrial sector is a major water user and in most situations is located next to urban areas, in a situation of increasing difficulty in collecting and treating water resources for its operations. The water sources are becoming more saturated and thus demanding more sophisticated treatment processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of the implementation of electromagnetic treatment of cooling water in chemical industries, thus replacing or complementing the conventional chemical treatment. The text initially describes the principles of the physical process for water treatment based on the application of an electromagnetic field, and then focuses on the effects of the use of this technology on the annual costs of cooling in a typical case of the chemical industry. The study is focused on the effects of the electromagnetic treatment on the annual cost of cooling in view of the reduced consumption of chemicals, as well as reduction in purge flow and water replacement, reduced frequency of equipment cleaning, and reduction of pollution load caused by wastewater. The study results were applied to an industrial cooling tower for which a mathematical model was developed by considering consumption rates and cooling water specifications, as well as parameters of the electromagnetic and conventional water treatment processes. A sensitivity study was carried out for different scenarios, in which the most important factors affecting the annual cost are identified, and optimal process conditions are estimated for maximum concentration cycles. The study shows that the use of electromagnetic treatment for cooling water results in significant savings due to the reduced number of maintenance periods. The final product of this study is a calculation structure for cost estimation related to the physical treatment of cooling water, which can be applied to different scenarios and industrial operation conditions.

The first 900 four-anode Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) have been evaluated for use in the 2013 Hadronic Forward (HF) calorimeter upgrade. HF is a part of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS), which is one of the two large general-purpose particle detectors of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. HF requires 1728 PMTs. These small tubes are the sensitive light detectors that provide the output signals of HF. Before installing PMTs in HF, their quality control demands need to be satisfied. These tests, done at the University of Iowa, are designed in three categories to test seventeen different parameters for each PMT. The three most basic and most important groups of parameters are: dark current, gain (anode and cathode), and timing. There are secondary tests which are performed on a smaller percentage of the PMTs such as surface uniformity, double pulse and single photo-electron resolution. The PMTs that meet the specifications of HF will be sent to CERN where they are expected to be in use for at least a decade.

<p>The demand for shorter lead-times and increased delivery reliability puts pressure on companies to provide more efficient logistic services. One strategy to deal with this demand is by outsourcing logistics to a third part. The development of logistics information systems enables increased control over business supply chains. This is why Green Cargo aims to create a Logistics Control Tower (LCT) solution to provide it’s customers with better information with higher availability. One such system is the Green Cargo control tower solution, which aims to improve information quality and availability alike. This is also the origin of this thesis at Green Cargo Division Logistics. The aim of this project was to identify the information needs in the logistic processes connected to Green Cargo Division Logistics, and to present a requirement specification for a LCT. The LCT will be designed to work as an information and decision support system. The main source of information was collected through interviews with customers of Green Cargo, as well as personnel at Green Cargo. </p><p>The research findings suggest that there is potential for improvement within the information flow between Green Cargo and the other parties involved in the logistic process. A need for improved information flows and communication became apparent through the investigation. We therefore suggest that Green Cargo develops a LCT containing functions such as cost follow-up, statistics, stock level information, order information, proof of delivery, track&trace, notification, environment information, and invoice control. Whilst some of these functions are yet to be introduced, others are basic functions already provided for by Green Cargo, but could nonetheless be improved. Most of the suggested functions are generated through the customers needs while invoice control and automated notification is a demand from Green Cargo personnel. A web interface with the possibility to adapt the content to different customers could serve as a solution to these needs. Input to the LCT is collected from different information systems such as vendor management systems and databases at logistic service providers.</p>

The demand for shorter lead-times and increased delivery reliability puts pressure on companies to provide more efficient logistic services. One strategy to deal with this demand is by outsourcing logistics to a third part. The development of logistics information systems enables increased control over business supply chains. This is why Green Cargo aims to create a Logistics Control Tower (LCT) solution to provide it’s customers with better information with higher availability. One such system is the Green Cargo control tower solution, which aims to improve information quality and availability alike. This is also the origin of this thesis at Green Cargo Division Logistics. The aim of this project was to identify the information needs in the logistic processes connected to Green Cargo Division Logistics, and to present a requirement specification for a LCT. The LCT will be designed to work as an information and decision support system. The main source of information was collected through interviews with customers of Green Cargo, as well as personnel at Green Cargo. The research findings suggest that there is potential for improvement within the information flow between Green Cargo and the other parties involved in the logistic process. A need for improved information flows and communication became apparent through the investigation. We therefore suggest that Green Cargo develops a LCT containing functions such as cost follow-up, statistics, stock level information, order information, proof of delivery, track&amp;trace, notification, environment information, and invoice control. Whilst some of these functions are yet to be introduced, others are basic functions already provided for by Green Cargo, but could nonetheless be improved. Most of the suggested functions are generated through the customers needs while invoice control and automated notification is a demand from Green Cargo personnel. A web interface with the possibility to adapt the content to different customers could serve as a solution to these needs. Input to the LCT is collected from different information systems such as vendor management systems and databases at logistic service providers.

The essay at hand is a New Historicist reading of C. S. Lewis’ dystopian fantasy novel That Hideous Strength. According to New Historicist theory it is informed by many disciplines, namely, philosophy, history, literary theory, theology, social science, and psychology, and it attempts to lessen injustices of race and class. The essay examines how satire operates in the novel, focusing on its societal targets: totalitarianism, laboratory animals, and education. Lewis’ philosophical idea expressed in his “The Abolition of Man” – that a society that averts from what he calls universal, timeless, objective values will eventually lead to a loss of that which is truly humane – is a main theme of the novel as well as for this essay. Another, complementary, main theme is that a cultivation of the heart is necessary for individuals of society since childhood if society is going to stay humane.

This thesis presents the calibration processes of the pitot-static system, which is a part of the air data system of a military transport aircraft through flight tests. Tower fly-by method is used for air data system calibration. Altitude error caused by the position of the static port on the aircraft is determined by analyzing the data collected during four sorties with different weight, flap and landing gear configurations. The same data has been used to determine the airspeed measurement error. It has been shown that both the altitude and airspeed errors are within the allowable limits specified by FAR 25. Same method is also used for trailing cone calibration that is used for high altitude test flights for RVSM certification.

This thesis is on the space--time variational multiscale (ST-VMS) computation of wind-turbine rotor and tower aerodynamics. The rotor geometry is that of the NREL 5MW offshore baseline wind turbine. We compute with a given wind speed and a specified rotor speed. The computation is challenging because of the large Reynolds numbers and rotating turbulent flows, and computing the correct torque requires an accurate and meticulous numerical approach. The presence of the tower increases the computational challenge because of the fast, rotational relative motion between the rotor and tower. The ST-VMS method is the residual-based VMS version of the Deforming-Spatial-Domain/Stabilized ST (DSD/SST) method, and is also called ``DSD/SST-VMST'' method (i.e., the version with the VMS turbulence model). In calculating the stabilization parameters embedded in the method, we are using a new element length definition for the diffusion-dominated limit. The DSD/SST method, which was introduced as a general-purpose moving-mesh method for computation of flows with moving interfaces, requires a mesh update method. Mesh update typically consists of moving the mesh for as long as possible and remeshing as needed. In the computations reported here, NURBS basis functions are used for the temporal representation of the rotor motion, enabling us to represent the circular paths associated with that motion exactly and specify a constant angular velocity corresponding to the invariant speeds along those paths. In addition, temporal NURBS basis functions are used in representation of the motion and deformation of the volume meshes computed and also in remeshing. We name this ``ST/NURBS Mesh Update Method (STNMUM).'' The STNMUM increases computational efficiency in terms of computer time and storage, and computational flexibility in terms of being able to change the time-step size of the computation. We use layers of thin elements near the blade surfaces, which undergo rigid-body motion with the rotor. We compare the results from computations with and without tower, and we also compare using NURBS and linear finite element basis functions in temporal representation of the mesh motion.