L’objectif de l’étude est de mettre en valeur les fonctions de l’enseignant remplies dans les interactions en classe du FLE et de trouver des pistes didactiques optimisant au maximum les résultats de l’enseignement en classe de FLE en Corée du Sud. Nous avons recueilli les corpus oraux des enseignants coréens et des enseignants français en classe avec les apprenants coréens pour comparer leurs techniques et apercevoir comment les objectifs pédagogiques et la compréhension des apprenants s’accomplissent. Les classes observées, enregistrées ont été analysées pour observer la méthode de constitution du scénario didactique et les stratégies didactiques que chaque enseignant choisit selon ses propres expériences et sa culture, et leurs effets didactiques. L’analyse des interactions en classe est accompagnée des entretiens avec les enseignants effectuées avant/après le cours ; la planification et l’auto-évaluation de chaque enseignant nous permettent de comprendre leurs choix en matière de méthodologies didactiques. Cette étude nous amène enfin à réfléchir sur le type d’enseignement contextualisé au public coréen ; des interviews et une enquête effectuées auprès des apprenants sont présentés afin de cerner leurs envies et besoins, et discutés ensuite en rapport avec le travail de l’enseignant. L’étude vise à établir les différents rôles de l’enseignant adaptés à un public coréen. / The objective of the study is to highlight the functions of the teacher in FLE classroom interactions and to discover teaching methods that can lead to optimal teaching results of FLE in South Korea. We collected the oral corpus of both Korean and French teachers in class with Korean learners to compare their techniques and to identify how the learning objectives and learners' understanding are accomplished. The observed, recorded classes were analyzed in order to observe the method of constitution of the didactic scenario and the didactic strategies that each teacher chooses according to his own experiences and culture and their didactic effects. Interaction analysis in the classroom is accompanied by interviews with teachers before/ after the class ; The planning and the self-evaluation of each teacher enables us to understand their didactic choices. This study finally leads us to reflect on the type of teaching contextualized for Koreans; Interviews and a survey of learners are presented to identify their wants and needs and then discussed in relation to the work of the teacher. The study aims to establish the different roles of the teacher adapted to the Korean public.

Située au carrefour de la didactique des langues et cultures et de la sociologie de l’éducation, cette thèse porte sur la gestion simultanée, par le professeur, des besoins et intérêts de chacun des apprenants ; à partir de l’observation de la réception enseignante des interventions négociatrices d’apprenants, on s’attache à définir les contours d’une « disposition » (propension) enseignante à satisfaire à la fois les besoins de l’individu qui parle et ceux de ses pairs. A ce titre, le présent travail propose d’apporter une contribution tant aux recherches portant sur les pratiques professionnelles enseignantes qu’aux études concernant l’acquisition des langues en apprentissage collectif. Le dialogisme bakhtinien, le socioconstructivisme vygotskien, le paradigme dispositionnaliste de Lahire, les théories de l’action conjointe développées par Filliettaz, et l’approche connexionniste de la pensée enseignante proposée par Tochon se trouvent entre autres utilisés tant au niveau théorique que méthodologique. A partir de l’analyse d’un corpus recueilli par vidéo au sein d’une classe de FLE pour migrants, en Greta, on observe la manière dont une enseignante s’affilie et se désaffilie des négociations individuelles d’apprenants qui surviennent en activité de « conversation didactique ». A l’aide des outils offerts par l’analyse des conversations, la microsociologie, la linguistique de l’interaction, la pragmatique psychosociale et l’analyse du discours, on décrit finement la régulation de la parole apprenante par l’enseignante (actes de valorisation de l’apprenant, d’encouragement à sa prise de parole ou de désengagement). Ces observations sont enrichies des commentaires que cette même enseignante effectue sur son propre agir, à travers des entretiens d’auto-confrontation et d’explicitation ; les verbalisations recueillies, porte d’accès à la fabrique de l’action enseignante, permettent de définir « la disposition à un agir collectif » comme un puissant critère d’affiliation ou de désaffiliation enseignante : les négociations individuelles d’apprenants sont évaluées par le professeur à la lumière de leur intérêt didactique et pédagogique pour le groupe. Cette disposition, qui amène l’enseignante à établir un lien transversal entre les propos des uns et le fil thématique en cours de co-construction, agit finalement en tant que « connexion fonctionnelle » sur laquelle repose en partie le fonctionnement improvisationnel des enseignants. / The following study discusses the ability of teachers to simultaneously deal with the needs and interests of every learner in the classroom. Through the observation of a teacher’s feedback moves to students’negotiations of meaning, we conducted an exploration of his or her disposition (tendency) to meet both the negotiator and his or her peers’ needs. As such, this study aims at contributing to the field of teaching professional practices and of second language acquisition. The theoretical framework of this study relies on the Bakhtinian dialogism, Vygoskian socioconstructivism, the paradigm of “dispositions” developed by Lahire, the theory of joint action developed by Filliettaz and the connectionist approach to teacher decisionmaking, which has been developed by Tochon. Through the analysis of video recorded data that have been collected during conversational activities in a French classroom for adult migrants, we provide an in-depth investigation of the teacher’s moves of affiliation and disaffiliation from learners’ individual negotiations. Conversation analysis, microsociology, linguistic interactionism, psychosocial pragmatics, and discourse analysis are integrated in the research methodology in order to provide an accurate description of a teacher’s regulation of learners talk (elicitation, incitation or disaffiliation). Stimulated recall methodology has also been used to complete the interaction analysis. The results demonstrate that the teacher’s affiliations to individual negotiations are made in the light of their pedagogical utility for the peers. It is therefore argued that the teacher’s tendency to link each learner’ needs and interests to his or her peers’serves as a powerful functional connection on which the teachers’ improvisational decision-making process during classroom interactions is mostly based.

Orientador: Raquel Lazzari Leite Barbosa / Banca: Cecília Hanna Mate / Banca: Ivone Tambelli Schimidt / Banca: Dagoberto Buim Arena / Banca: Alonso Bezerra de Carvalho / Resumo: Esta tese procura discutir alguns aspectos de mediação que contribuem para a identidade do professor de português no Brasil e em Portugal. Tais aspectos estão constituídos em Subjetividade, Cotidiano, Leitura, Capital Cultural, História e Memória, Desvelo e Tecnologia. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho aborda cinco etapas: a metodológica, utilizando-se da categoria das mediações e do método narrativo; panoramas históricos da educação portuguesa e brasileira; as principais representações teóricas do campo educacional dos dois países; e, finalmente, a análise das entrevistas de quatro professores portugueses e quatro professores brasileiros. A metodologia empregada neste processo está baseada em Martín-Barbero (2001), Josso (2006), Bourdieu (1989, 1998), Chartier (2002), Certeau (1994), Nora (1993), Bakhtin (1995), Catani (1996, 2006), Nóvoa (2005), Ghiraldelli (2008), dentre outros. O resultado esperado é promover uma discussão acerca do sujeito docente de língua portuguesa em contextos lusófonos e procurar compreender a desenvoltura desses professores diante da linguagem e dos métodos de ensino a partir de sua constituição identitária. Dessa forma, procuraremos fugir dos receituários pedagógicos que prescrevem qual seria a melhor forma de se ensinar língua, mas entender como o ensino de língua se processa nessas culturas onde o professor de língua materna executa a regulação entre linguagem e sujeito, contribuindo para o estabelecimento dos sentidos da cultura. É a tentativa de mostrar o que está além dos métodos de ensino de português, mas na emissão refratada da linguagem como construtora de significados na interação entre o homem e o mundo. Identidade, muitas vezes, negligenciada pelo campo educacional, fato que pode conduzir a um reducionismo atroz do papel da língua e da linguagem. / Abstract: This thesis aims to discuss some aspects of relation between subject and sense of the world. We try to understand part of identity Portuguese teacher in Brazil and Portugal. These aspects are Subjectivity, Day by Day, Reading, Cultural Capital, History and Memory, Desvelo and Technology. The development of this research discusses five stages: Methodology, using the category of mediation and narrative method; point of view about Portugal and Brazilian histories; Main representations about Portuguese and Brazilian education bibliography; finally, analysis of interviews with four Portuguese teachers and four Brazilian teachers. The methodology used in this process is based on Martín-Barbero (2001), Josso (2006), Bourdieu (1989, 1998), Chartier (2002), Certeau (1994), Nora (1993), Bakhtin (1995) Catani (1996, 2006) , Nóvoa (2005), Ghiraldelli (2008) and others. We expect some results: a discussion about Portuguese teacher in lusofono world; we want to understand like this teacher thinks the language. We do not want to teach his nothing. Only we want understand your relation to language, so we can start a true dialogue about language functions. The language is not rules, but culture and its main subject is the teacher who aspects of mediation or culture constitutions are controlled for his. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosangela Benedita Ribeiro.pdf: 1713137 bytes, checksum: 47a6f4174ae38c90982280b58af4d51a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / This research aims to examine the implementation and introduction of primary education of nine years (EF) in the city of Itajub? / MG over a decade. Justified interest in this subject by the pioneering spirit of the municipality in relation to the proposed extension of the EF, it deployed in 2002, given that only in 2006 was published federal law 11.274 that determined its mandatory throughout the territory Brazilian and that 2010 was the deadline set by the Ministry of Education for organizing, planning and expansion of the new EF in all Brazilian municipalities. The construction of the research was done through conducting a literature review on SciELO base and BDTD. The articles, theses and dissertations were categorized and organized in spreadsheets; First there was the reading of abstracts and later the full reading of those texts that addressed the new nuclear EF way. These readings showed obstacles encountered by school units and the educational systems in relation to the expansion and implementation of EF nine years. It was considered valid, then investigate, from the contributions of historical-cultural theory, which reveal the speeches of the coordinators regarding the establishment and implementation of EF nine years (EF9A), with special interest in: i) chronicle as was the establishment and implementation of EF9A; ii) describe and analyze the construction of EF9A the curriculum for the 1st year, the city of Itajub?; iii) To investigate the methodology proposed for the pedagogical practices and the inclusion of playing together with the children of six years and iv) to examine documents guiding the pedagogical proposal published by bodies Federal, State and Municipal. For research we chose to semi-structured interviews with coordinators of municipal Itajub?, with at least ten years of experience with the implementation of the new EF in that municipality; is the set of respondents composed of 05 supervisors. Two were organized axes analysis i) Tell the history of deployment / implementation of EF9A in Itajub?MG - evidence from which those who experienced and ii) dichotomy between playing and learning (reading and writing); ass qualitative analyzes guided up the studies of Vygotsky and colleagues. We hope that with this research, from the path analysis of the Itajub? city's experience over a decade, we can contribute to reflections on the ways in which new public policies are deployed / implemented in Brazil, with regard to the construction of new curricula, teaching practices and teacher training. / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a implanta??o e implementa??o do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos (EF) do munic?pio de Itajub?/MG, ao longo de uma d?cada. Justifica-se o interesse por esse tema pelo pioneirismo do referido munic?pio em rela??o ? proposta de amplia??o do EF, nele implantada no ano de 2002, tendo em vista que somente em 2006 foi publicada a lei federal 11.274 que determinou sua obrigatoriedade em todo o territ?rio brasileiro e que 2010 foi prazo final estabelecido pelo Minist?rio de Educa??o para organiza??o, planejamento e amplia??o do novo EF em todos os munic?pios brasileiros. A constru??o da pesquisa se deu pela realiza??o de uma revis?o bibliogr?fica realizada na base Scielo e na BDTD. Os artigos, teses e disserta??es foram categorizados e organizados em planilhas; primeiramente realizou-se a leitura dos resumos e posteriormente a leitura na ?ntegra daqueles textos que abordavam o novo EF de maneira nuclear. Estas leituras evidenciaram obst?culos encontrados pelas unidades escolares e pelas redes de ensino em rela??o ? amplia??o e implementa??o do EF de nove anos. Considerou-se v?lido, ent?o, investigar, a partir dos aportes da teoria Hist?rico-cultural, o que revelam os discursos dos coordenadores pedag?gicos em rela??o ? implanta??o e implementa??o do EF de nove anos (EF9A), com especial interesse em: i) Historiar como ocorreu a implanta??o e implementa??o do EF9A; ii) Descrever e analisar a constru??o do curr?culo do EF9A, para o 1? ano, do munic?pio de Itajub?; iii) Investigar a metodologia proposta para as pr?ticas pedag?gicas e a inser??o da atividade l?dica, junto ?s crian?as de seis anos e iv) Analisar documentos orientadores da proposta pedag?gica publicados pelas inst?ncias Federal, Estadual e Municipal. Para a investiga??o optou-se por entrevistas semi-estruturadas com coordenadores pedag?gicos da rede municipal de Itajub?, com pelo menos dez anos de experi?ncia com a implementa??o do novo EF no referido munic?pio; o conjunto de entrevistados ? composto por 05 supervisores. Foram organizados dois eixos de an?lise i) Historiando a implanta??o/implementa??o do EF9A em Itajub?MG evid?ncias a partir que quem as vivenciou e ii) dicotomia entre brincar e aprender (a ler e escrever); ass an?lises qualitativas pautam-se nos estudos de Vigotski e colaboradores. Esperamos que com esta pesquisa, a partir da an?lise de percurso da experi?ncia do munic?pio de Itajub? ao longo de uma d?cada, possamos contribuir para reflex?es sobre os modos pelos quais novas pol?ticas p?blicas s?o implantadas/implementadas no Brasil, no que se refere ? constru??o de novos curr?culos, pr?ticas pedag?gicas e forma??o de professores.

Cette recherche en sciences de l’éducation s’intéresse aux pratiques enseignantes. L’hypothèse générale est que les futurs enseignants ont des pratiques différentes selon qu’ils disposent ou pas d’une expérience professionnelle antérieure significative. Les pratiques enseignantes sont entendues au sens de Bandura comme l’articulation entre des dimensions relevant de la personne, du comportement et du contexte. La démarche s’avère donc comparative entre ces deux populations, mais également heuristique quant aux pratiques dans toutes leurs dimensions. Concernant notre recueil de données, nous avons, après une phase exploratoire, proposé un questionnaire complété par de futurs enseignants (N=324) en formation à l’ESPE de La Réunion en 2013 et se destinant à l’enseignement, dans le premier ou le second degré. Nous avons également procédé à des observations de séances (N=12) en collège. La mise à l’épreuve de l’empirie permet de valider l’hypothèse générale, comparative, de différences significatives sur certains éléments de pratiques, notamment des dimensions sociocognitives. Du point de vue heuristique, nous avons repéré une spécificité du contexte réunionnais par rapport au contexte métropolitain concernant le comportement. / This research in Sciences of Education focuses on teaching practices. The general hypothesis is that the future teachers hold different practices as they have or not a previous significant amount of work experience. The teaching practices shall be understood in accordance with Bandura’s meaning as the structuring between dimensions pertaining to the person, the behaviour and the background. Therefore, the approach turns out to be comparative between these two populations, but also heuristic as for the practices in all their dimensions. Concerning our data collection, after an exploratory phase, we proposed a questionnaire filled in by future teachers (N=324) who trained in the vocational school ESPE de La Réunion in 2013 and sought to prepare for a career in primary and secondary education. Our study included observations of sessions (N=12) in secondary school. The testing of empiricism offers to validate the general and comparative hypothesis of significant differences on some elements of practices, in particular concerning the socio-cognitive dimensions. From a heuristic perspective, we identified a specificity of the Reunionese environment compared with the mainland France background as far as the behaviour is concerned.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:58:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Joao de Melo.pdf: 974281 bytes, checksum: 43f60f31d2ac1eb47af7311e771fc75e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study discusses the teaching of Inequalities in the elementary school system of Indaiatuba, a town located in the state of São Paulo. Our main goal was to investigate whether the issue of inequalities was being developed in this segment of education and, if so, the way it is being approached. Based on DUVAL s theory of Semiotic Representation Registers and taking into account the prevailing mathematics teaching practices, including the ones described by FIORENTINI in 1995, as well as other practices that have been currently endorsed by mathematics teachers, we drew up a questionnaire filled out by twenty-seven out of thirty-two mathematics teachers working in ten out of forty-two schools in the town of Indaiatuba; the schools were chosen according to the criterion of representativeness. Besides the answers provided through the questionnaire, we also analyzed textbooks used by the assessed teachers in the topics related to inequalities. In assessing the teacher s answers and the textbooks used by them, we noticed the predominance of the algebraic symbolic register approach in the teaching of the mentioned issue. Few conversions are made in class, most of which are the examples shown in the textbooks, leaving the students no alternative but to imitate the schemes already devised. According to existing cognitive analysis, conversion is the activity that best supports the process of understanding; however, if it is conducted by the teacher or by the textbook s author, it accounts very little for the student s learning. As far as teaching methods are concerned, we found a regular occurrence of two of them: the classical formalist and the technicist perspectives, both of which were present in the teachers answers and in the textbooks they use in the classroom. Signs of practices related to more recent approaches can be found in the teachers speech, but not in the textbooks they use. Taking into account both the role of the textbook in the teacher s performance and the analysis conducted, we came to the conclusion that the methods already mentioned and the use of conversions between registers of semiotic representation are not put into practice in the teaching of inequalities in the elementary schools of the town. The teachers adopt teaching methods rather censured in researches related to Mathematics education and merely emphasize the subject of semiotic representation registers, which are not suitable for the students adequate learning. With this in mind, we strongly advise the teachers of this town to take updating training courses on the mentioned issue, aiming to improve the teaching and the learning of the subject in the schools of Indaiatuba. Studies about other subjects based on different theoretical frameworks are also suggested / Este trabalho trata da docência de Inequações no Ensino Fundamental da cidade de Indaiatuba localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo. Nosso principal objetivo foi investigar se o tema inequações estava sendo desenvolvido nesse segmento de ensino e, em caso positivo, de que forma o assunto é abordado. Fundamentados na teoria dos Registros de Representação Semiótica de DUVAL e observando, também, Tendências de Ensino da Matemática, fossem as descritas por FIORENTINI em 1995 ou outras atualmente propugnadas por Educadores Matemáticos, elaboramos um questionário que foi aplicado a vinte e sete dos trinta e dois professores de Matemática de dez das quarenta e duas escolas da cidade de Indaiatuba, escolas estas selecionadas por critérios relativos à representatividade. Além das respostas ao questionário, analisamos livros didáticos utilizados pelos professores consultados, nos trechos em que tratam das inequações. Nas análises das respostas dos professores e dos livros didáticos adotados por parte dos professores, notamos a predominância do tratamento no registro simbólico algébrico, no ensino do tema. As conversões, quando observadas, na maioria das vezes são realizadas para os alunos como exemplos pelos autores dos livros, restando ao aluno o papel de imitar os procedimentos que lhes foram apresentados. Do ponto de vista cognitivo é a atividade de conversão que conduz aos mecanismos subjacentes à compreensão, no entanto, se elas são realizadas pelo professor ou pelo autor do livro, isso pouco contribuiu para a aprendizagem do aluno. Em relação às tendências de ensino, encontramos fortes características de duas: a formalista clássica e a tecnicista, tanto nas respostas dos professores ao questionário quanto nos livros didáticos adotados por eles. Indícios de práticas relacionadas a outras tendências mais recentes aparecem no discurso dos professores, mas não nos livros didáticos adotados. Dado o papel do livro didático na prática do professor e as analises realizadas, concluímos que estas tendências e o uso de conversões de registros de representação semiótica não são características da docência de inequações no segmento de Ensino Fundamental da cidade, que enfatiza tendências de ensino bastante criticadas em pesquisas de Educação Matemática e se reduz ao tratamento de registros de representação semiótica o que não é adequado à aprendizagem dos estudantes. Desta forma, indicamos a atualização de professores da cidade, nos aspectos investigados visando à melhoria do ensino e aprendizagem do tema na cidade de Indaiatuba. Pesquisas em outros temas e com base em outras referencias teóricas também são indicadas

Bien que typiques et incontournables de la langue anglaise, les phrasal verbs représentent cependant un véritable fléau pour les apprenants non-anglophones. Une étude quantitative s’appuyant sur la comparaison d’un corpus d’interlangue de l’anglais langue étrangère (International Corpus of Learner English, Version 2) et d’un corpus contrôle (Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays) met ainsi en lumière la sous-représentation des phrasal verbs dans les productions écrites d’étudiants non-anglophones. En second lieu, à partir d’une étude qualitative examinant l’usage des phrasal verbs dans les extraits de dissertations d’étudiants non-natifs, nous établissons une typologie des erreurs commises par les apprenants non-anglophones à l’égard des phrasal verbs. Une réflexion sur de nouvelles approches visant un meilleur apprentissage/enseignement des phrasal verbs est également proposée.Pour apporter des éléments de réponse à cette question, notre démarche consiste à observer la genèse de cette construction dans le langage de l’enfant anglophone. En effet, le rôle des constructions formées de plusieurs mots a notamment été mis en évidence dans les théories de l’acquisition de la langue maternelle (Goldberg, 1995 ; Tomasello, 2003). En outre, elles représentent une source de prédication riche et productive que les enfants de la plupart des communautés linguistiques acquièrent à un âge très précoce. Aucune étude dédiée à l’acquisition et l’usage des phrasal verbs chez le jeune enfant anglophone n’a cependant été réalisée à ce jour. Cette thèse se propose d’étudier l’émergence et le développement des constructions verbe-particule dans le langage de l’enfant en analysant les données longitudinales du discours oral spontané de deux enfants uniligues anglophones, Naima et Ella, suivies respectivement entre 0;11 et 3;10 et entre 1;00 et 4;00. Les transcriptions des corpus sont issues de la base de données CHILDES (MacWhinney, 2000a).Enfin, cette thèse s’intéresse également à l’acquisition et à l’usage du placement de la particule adverbiale au sein des verbes à particule transitifs directs dans le discours de l’enfant anglophone. En particulier, une analyse multifactorielle de plusieurs variables linguistiques sera conduite afin de voir si l’enfant reproduit le même schéma linguistique que l’adulte dans ses emplois des constructions verbe-particule transitives directes de type continu V-Prt-O et discontinu V-O-Prt. / Although typical and inevitable in the English language, phrasal verbs, however, represent a real scourge to non-English-speaking students. A quantitative study based on a comparison between an interlanguage corpus of English as a foreign language (International Corpus of Learner English, Version 2) and a control corpus (Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays) thus highlights the underrepresentation of phrasal verbs in non-English-speaking students’ written productions. Secondly, from a qualitative study examining the use of phrasal verbs in excerpts from non-native students’ essays, we draw up a typology of errors made by non-English-speaking learners with regard to phrasal verbs. A discussion on new approaches to a better learning/teaching of phrasal verbs is also proposed.To provide some answers to this question, our approach consists in observing the genesis of this construction in the English-speaking child’s language. Indeed, the role of multiword constructions has particularly been emphasized in theories of first language acquisition (Goldberg, 1995; Tomasello, 2003). Besides, they are a rich and productive source of predication that children from most of the language communities acquire at a very early age. Yet, no studies dedicated to the acquisition and usage of verb-particle constructions in young English-speaking children have been carried out so far. This thesis aims to study the emergence and development of verb-particle constructions in child language by analyzing longitudinal data from the spontaneous oral speech of two monolingual English-speaking children, Naima and Ella, respectively followed between ages 0;11 and 3;10 and between ages 1;00 and 4;00. The corpora transcripts come from the CHILDES database (MacWhinney, 2000a).Finally, this thesis also focuses on the acquisition and use of particle placement within direct transitive phrasal verbs in English-speaking children’s speech. In particular, a multifactorial analysis of several linguistic variables will be conducted to see if children reproduce the same linguistic pattern as adults in their productions of both types of direct transitive verb-particle constructions (i.e. continuous configuration V-Prt-O and split configuration V-O-Prt).

Plusieurs auteurs (Nadon, 2007; Tauveron, 2005; Routman, 2010) ont mis de l’avant des propositions didactiques pour enseigner l’écriture de façon optimale à partir de la littérature de jeunesse, notamment en amenant les élèves à s’inspirer du style d’un auteur. Puisque la littérature de jeunesse est encore peu employée pour induire des situations d’écriture au primaire (Montésinos-Gelet et Morin, 2007), cette recherche présente un dispositif novateur, soit l’écriture à la manière d’un auteur qui consiste à placer l’élève dans une situation d’appropriation-observation d’une oeuvre littéraire dans le but d’en ressortir ses caractéristiques et de l’imiter (Geist, 2005 et Tauveron, 2002). Selon Olness (2007), l’exposition à une littérature de jeunesse de qualité est essentielle pour permettre aux élèves d’apprendre une variété de styles et d’éléments littéraires. Cette recherche a pour but de décrire dix séquences d’écriture à la manière d’un auteur conçues par l’enseignante-chercheuse et d’identifier les impacts de celles-ci, auprès des élèves, sur leurs habiletés en production écrite, de compréhension en lecture et sur leur motivation à l’écriture. Cette recherche a été réalisée pendant une période de 5 mois auprès de 18 élèves d’une classe de 2e année du primaire. Il ressort de cette recherche que les élèves ont grandement développé leur capacité à analyser et imiter les caractéristiques d’un texte source et qu’ils ont transféré ces apprentissages au-delà du contexte de notre recherche. Par la pratique fréquente et le modelage, ils ont assimilés les six traits de l’écriture et ont manifesté un intérêt grandissant envers la littérature de jeunesse. / Many authors (Nadon, 2007; Tauveron, 2005; Routman, 2010) made suggestions to teach writing in an optimal way by using youth literature to get the students to study an author’s style as an inspiration. Since youth literature is still today not much used in the classrooms (Montésinos-Gelet et Morin, 2007), this research presents an innovative learning activity: writing in the style of an author. It is the stylistic imitation of a text (Tauveron, 2002) in order to observe «the way in which the language is used» (Geist, 2005, p.38). According to Olness (2007), the exposure to a high quality youth literature is essential to learning a variety of writing styles and literacy devices. This research is intended to describe ten activities of writing in the style of an author designed by the teacher researcher and to identify the impacts on the students regarding their writing skills, their reading comprehension and their motivation in writing production. This research was carried out during a 5 months period with a group of 18 grade two elementary students. The results of this research show that the students greatly developed their capacity to analyze and imitate the characteristics of the text studied and that they transferred these skills beyond our research. With a frequent practice and modeling, they learned the six traits of writing and they showed a growing interest regarding youth literature.

Les manuels d’histoire ont souvent fait l’objet d’analyses concernant leur contenu et leur qualité, mais rarement leurs usages en classe. Cette thèse vise à décrire et analyser comment des enseignants d’histoire du Québec au secondaire utilisent le manuel et toute autre ressource didactique. Le problème consiste à mieux connaître ce qui se passe en classe depuis l’implantation de la réforme curriculaire, en 2001, et comment les conceptions des enseignants influencent leurs pratiques en lien avec l’exercice de la méthode historique. Ce travail décrit des pratiques enseignantes selon leur intervention éducative, les ressources didactiques utilisées et l’activité de l’élève en classe. Pour ce faire, la collecte de données est réalisée au travers d’un sondage en ligne (n= 81), d’observations en classe et d’entrevues (n=8) avec les participants. Les enseignants d’histoire utilisent souvent le manuel, mais leur intervention n’est pas structurée par son contenu ou ses exercices. Les cahiers d’exercices ou le récit de l’enseignant semblent structurer principalement leurs interventions. En fait, leurs conceptions sur l’enseignement et l’apprentissage en histoire déterminent le plus souvent l’usage du manuel et des autres ressources didactiques d’une manière traditionnelle ou d’une manière qui exerce authentiquement la méthode historique. Afin de décrire ces différents usages, la thèse propose une typologie qui distingue les différentes modalités mises en place afin d’utiliser les ressources didactiques et exercer la méthode historique. Trois principaux types sont énoncés : intensif, extensif et critique. Un quatrième type a été ajouté afin de mieux nuancer les différentes pratiques enseignantes rencontrées : extensif-méthodique. Ce dernier type s’explique par une pratique enseignante qui concilie les types extensif et critique selon les besoins de l’enseignant. La thèse souligne la persistance de pratiques transmissives et magistrocentrées qui limitent un exercice authentique de la méthode historique, alors que le curriculum vise un enseignement constructiviste et que plus de ressources sont disponibles pour les enseignants. / History textbooks are mainly analyzed for their content and quality but not for their real use in classrooms. This thesis aims to describe and analyze how high school history teachers in Quebec use textbooks and other instructional resources. The issue is to know what is going on into classrooms since the new curriculum is in effect and how teachers’ beliefs influence their practices related to the development of historical method skills. This work describes the teaching practices according to their educational intervention, learning resources used and the student’s activities during class. The data was collected with an online survey (n= 81), classroom observations and interviews (n= 8) with the participants. Teachers often use textbooks, but are not automatically led by its content or exercises. Workbooks or teacher’s narrative seem to mainly structure their interventions. Yet, the belief system about teaching and learning history more specifically leads teachers to use textbooks in a traditional way or in a way that fosters historical method. To describe these various uses, the thesis proposes a typology that distinguishes the different modalities put in place to use learning resources and perform historical method. Three main types are described: intensive, extensive and critical. A fourth type was added in order to better explain the different teaching practices encountered: extensive-methodical. The latter type is explained by a teaching practice that combines extensive and critical types related to the needs of the teacher. The thesis points out the persistence of transmissive and teacher-centered pratices limiting authentic historical method exercise while curriculum aims a constructivist way and that more learning resources are available for teachers.

The main purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between students' achievement in mathematics and teachers' background, professional development and teaching practices. A self report instrument - Mathematics Teaching Opinionate Scale (MaTOS) was used to collect data from Form C (Grade 10) mathematics teachers in the Maseru District in Lesotho, Southern Africa. Stratified random sampling technique was adopted for the study in the selection of participants screened on the basis of type of ownership of schools. The simple random format was subsequently utilized to pick 40 teachers on the basis of school population. Out of the total participants of 40 teachers, 18 (45.0%) were males while 22(55.0%) were female. Simple correlation and regression statistics at the 0.01 and 0.05 significance levels were utilized for data analysis. Findings indicated a significant positive relationship between students' academic achievement in mathematics and teachers' background (i.e. teachers' qualifications, subject majors and years of experience especially from six years of teaching) with r = 0.552, P < 0.01. Furthermore, regression analysis showed that teachers' qualifications (&#946; = 0.77, P < 0.05), subject majors (&#946; = 0.35, P < 0.05) and experience (&#946; = 0.16, P < 0.05) were predictors of students' achievement in mathematics [F(3,39) = 4.321; P < 0.05)]. The findings therefore suggest that if all mathematics teachers have a degree, are specialized in mathematics or mathematics education and have more than five years teaching experience the students' achievement in mathematics would likely improve. / MATH, SCIENCE and TECH EDU / MSC (MATHS,SCIENCE OR T/EDU)