La mixité scolaire n'implique pas l'égalité entre les sexes. elle pose la question du type de relation qu'une société entend promouvoir entre eux. en france, si l'école peut être perçue comme un facteur d'émancipation des femmes, de nombreuses études ont montré qu'elle demeurait également un instrument de reproduction des rapports sociaux de sexes traditionnels. il existe cependant des directives officielles de l'education nationale qui prescrivent aux enseignant-e-s d'oeuvrer pour l'égalité des sexes à l'école. il semble cependant que celles-ci ne soient appliquées que par une minorité. j'envisage dans ma recherche de m'intéresser aux enseignant-e-s du primaire qui prennent en compte cette dimension dans le travail mené dans leur classe et aux pratiques en faveur de l'égalité des sexes qu'ils-elles mettent en place. quelles sont ces pratiques ? leur action que l'on peut supposer innovante, puisqu'elle est minoritaire, pose certaines questions. s'agit-il de faire expérimenter l'égalité des sexes au quotidien dans une classe ou d'associer les élèves à une réflexion autour de cette question ou les deux ? peut-on enseigner l'égalité des sexes à l'école et comment ? quels sont les avantages et les limites d'un tel enseignement ? ces pratiques soulèvent en effet des problèmes éthiques et politiques importants car il s'agit d'un domaine socialement conflictuel qui fait appel à des représentations sociales ayant trait à l'identité de chacun /... / Although in France school can be seen as an important factor in women emancipation many studies have pointed out that it also remains an instrument enabling the social reproduction of traditional gender relations. Since the 80s the National Education official texts have encouraged teachers to work for the promotion of gender equality and to question the sex stereotypes. Since the 2000s they have also asked them to fight against homophobia. These texts define the term as the discrimination or the verbal and the physical violence against the homosexuals but also, through the questioning of sex stereotypes, against those who are suspected of being homosexuals. However these formal requirements seem not well known by teachers and remain therefore unapplied. They nevertheless offer a formal framework and clearly-defined regulatory environment for people wishing to put into practice a non-sexist and/or a non-heterosexist pedagogy based on equal treatment of children regardless of their gender and on the refusal to link gender with predetermined social roles. This work focuses on these innovative practices and aims to strengthen the understanding of the specific work of these teachers and the new issues it raises. This research focuses precisely on the teachers who are intending to take up these issues and these practices in the context of primary school which includes in France the nursery school and the elementary school. On the basis of twenty non-directive interviews we try to better understand the specificity of these teachers's work and the representation they have of it. We also analyze the possibility and the characteristics of an education for gender and sexualities equality at the first education levels and the tensions that it can generate in the exercise of the teaching profession.

In response to the covid-19 pandemic in 2020, the Swedish National Agency for Education and the Public Health Agency of Sweden recommended that all upper secondary schools in Sweden would temporarily transition to distance education. A report was simultaneously ordered by the Swedish School Inspectorate, which would monitor the effects the distance education had on Swedish upper secondary schools. The report found that many areas of the Swedish upper secondary school had suffered during the period of distance education. The purpose for this essay is to examine how the findings of the report corresponds with the experiences in German teaching at upper secondary level, one year after the publishing of the original report. An interview with a teacher of German was conducted, who had spent the last three semesters teaching German in an upper secondary school, which mostly was spent via online teaching due to the recommendations from the Public Health Agency. The findings suggest that most of the negative consequences highlighted by the report coincide with the experiences in teaching of German as a foreign language, although many of the findings also apply to other parts of the schoolsystem as well. The findings, furthermore, seem to indicate that certain aspects of what was highlighted by the report could potentially affect foreign language teaching especially, as language learning depends on interactional factors to be successful. The gradual return of present learning has also created a situation of hybrid learning, which only seem to affect certain parts of the school system, German teaching included. To combat similar situations with negative effects in the future, this essay aims to discuss ways in which to actively work towards a teaching approach that is affected to a lesser extent than have been monitored during the covid-19 pandemic. Ways in which to improve future teaching include actively fostering good motivational practices and adapting to working methods which combine the positives of both present and online teaching practices.

No description available.

Certaines caractéristiques des ressources numériques sont de nature à soutenir les apprentissages de tous les élèves en classe. L’étude de Cyr, Charland et Riopel (2016) permet notamment d’observer un effet significatif sur l’apprentissage du concept de fraction lorsque les élèves réalisent les parcours de l’application Slice Fractions. Toutefois, l’intégration de cette ressource à l’enseignement régulier en classe n’accroit pas cet effet. Notre recherche-action vise à soutenir l’intégration de ressources numériques à des pratiques pédagogiques efficaces par le biais d’un dispositif de développement professionnel jumelant un cercle pédagogique et un soutien en classe. Elle a été réalisée auprès de trois enseignantes de trois classes d’une école primaire afin de mieux comprendre comment intégrer efficacement les pratiques pédagogiques et les ressources numériques en classe pour mieux soutenir les apprentissages de tous les élèves. Nous avons observé les pratiques pédagogiques et le processus d’apprentissage des élèves en classe. Nous avons aussi étudié l’apport d’un dispositif de développement professionnel pour soutenir le développement des pratiques dans une perspective d’intégration de ressources numériques. L’analyse qualitative est basée sur la documentation sur vidéo des pratiques pédagogiques des enseignantes, de la démarche de leurs élèves et des cercles pédagogiques. Nos résultats suggèrent que les pratiques pédagogiques mises en œuvre dans ce contexte permettent de mieux soutenir le développement du raisonnement, du métalangage et de l’autorégulation chez tous les élèves. L’ajout d’un dispositif numérique permet également aux enseignantes de segmenter les problèmes à résoudre et de recueillir les réponses de tous les élèves. Ce processus soutient et influe sur leur évaluation du niveau de compréhension des élèves. Les échanges en cercle pédagogique et le soutien en classe contribuent également au développement de la capacité des enseignantes à discerner des éléments importants dans le processus et guident leur planification des activités subséquentes. / Some attributes of digital resources are likely to support the learning of all students. In the study by Cyr, Charland and Riopel (2016), a significant effect on the learning of the concept of fraction was observed when students worked through all levels of the application Slice Fractions. However, the implementation of this resource in regular classroom instruction did not increase this effect. Our action research aims to support the integration of digital resources with effective teaching practices through a professional development intervention combining video clubs and in-class assistance. It was conducted with three teachers in three classes of an elementary school to better understand how to conduct an effective integration of teaching practices and digital resources in the classroom to better facilitate the learning of all students. We observed the teaching practices and the learning process of students in class. We also studied the contribution of a professional development intervention to support the development of teaching practices within a context where digital resources are implemented in the classroom. Qualitative measures are based on the analysis of video documentation of the teachers’ practices, their students’ learning process and the video clubs. Our results suggest that the teaching practices implemented in this setting better support the development of reasoning, metalanguage, and self-regulation among all students. The use of an additional digital resource also allows teachers to break down the problems to be solved and collect responses from all students. It supports this process and influences their evaluation of the students’ level of understanding. The video club discussions and the in-class assistance also contribute to the development of teachers’ ability to discern important elements in the students’ learning process and guide their planning of subsequent activities. Our results inform the discussion on the nature of teaching practices that are likely to promote the implementation of digital resources and foster learning for all students, as well as on the impact of video clubs and in-class assistance and the conditions that strengthen their effectiveness in this type of context.

No description available.

La présente recherche vise à décrire les pratiques d’enseignement mises en place en classe d’éducation préscolaire pour favoriser le réemploi des mots enseignés. De plus, nous identifions, en lien avec les recommandations ministérielles du nouveau programme de l’éducation préscolaire, les contextes à partir desquels les enseignantes observent le réemploi des mots étudiés chez les enfants. L’atteinte de nos objectifs est rendue possible par une étude descriptive auprès de douze enseignantes, intervenant dans des écoles de milieu défavorisé ciblées par le programme Une École Montréalaise Pour Tous (UÉMPT). Ces enseignantes ont reçu une formation approfondie et appuyée par la recherche pour parfaire leur connaissance sur l’enseignement du vocabulaire dans le cadre de la recherche principale collaborative dans laquelle s’inscrit notre propre étude. La consignation des traces d’activités réalisées en classe, les entretiens de suivi hebdomadaires avec les enseignantes et les observations en classe permettent de dresser un portrait des pratiques d’enseignement visant le réemploi du vocabulaire. Dans ces pratiques, plusieurs aspects sont considérés dont la nature de la consigne, l’objectif de l’activité, le contexte du réemploi, etc. / Vocabulary is a major concern for pedagogical specialists designing the French school curriculum for the Quebec Ministry of Education. Vocabulary is not only essential for reading and writing skills, but it has been linked to academic success. The purpose of this research was to describe teaching practices that support the acquisition and use of vocabulary words, in line with the new preschool curriculum. We also wanted to identify in which contexts the teachers observed the use of taught vocabulary. We conducted a descriptive study of 12 teachers working in schools in disadvantaged areas targeted by the UÉMPT program (Une École Montréalaise pour Tous). These teachers received extensive, research-supported training in vocabulary comprehension and instruction through a principal collaborative research, of which our own study is a part. We examined records of classroom activities, weekly follow-up interviews with teachers, and classroom observations. The analysis included the nature of the instruction, the purpose of the activity, the context of the reuse, etc. observations provide a better understanding of teaching practices for vocabulary reuse.

No description available.

This study offers insight into washback processes via interactions between the national test, teachers and students as well as raises questions about contemporary educational politics and standardized testing in EFL classrooms. Washback is a term for the effects a test has on teaching and learning. Standardized tests are given increased weight in Sweden and globally, risking an increase of washback. This development puts various properties of education at risk of being undermined. In Sweden, the national tests in ninth grade can be considered high-stake standardized tests since they should be particularly considered in grading. The oral subtest in English may involve specific issues due to socio-affective aspects and challenges of assessing foreign language speech. Through qualitative interviews with six English teachers in Sweden, this study explored their perceptions of washback effects of the oral subtest of English in the national tests in ninth grade. The results indicate substantial washback on teaching practices and learning behaviors, and that socio-affective aspects play a major role in teachers’ choices. Also, some teachers exhibit ambivalence to the content of the test and whether the test results should impact the grades.

The study explored instructors' conceptions of teaching and their teaching practices in four Ethiopian universities in the light of the existing calls for the employment of student-centred approach to teaching in higher education in Ethiopia. The study was grounded on the assumption that instructors are unlikely to adopt student-centred approach to teaching unless their conceptions of teaching are developed and/or unless the teaching environment is supportive. To address the objective of the study, data were collected using a mixed methods research design using a sequential exploratory strategy. Based on this strategy, data were obtained first qualitatively from 20 instructors through interviews and classroom observations and then quantitatively from 160 instructors and 170 students through questionnaires. The data from the interviews and the classroom observations were analysed qualitatively using a phenomenographic approach and content analysis respectively whereas the data from the questionnaires were analysed statistically using SPSS. From this, frequencies, mean scores and percentages were computed in order to summarise and interpret responses. In addition, independent samples test and one-way ANOVA were applied to examine the differences in conceptions of and approaches to teaching among instructors. Furthermore, Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to examine the relationship between instructors‟ conceptions of teaching and their teaching practices. From the results, it was found that instructors‟ conceptions of teaching in the four universities incline towards the student-centred conception of teaching though there were also instructors whose conceptions of teaching were the traditional teacher-centred. Regarding teaching practices, although the instructors claimed that their teaching practices were student-centred, the results of the study appear to suggest that meaningful instructional practices were still under the influence of the traditional conception of teaching. In addition, numerous factors were found to be impeding the proper implementation of student-centred instruction including the background of the students, the instructors‟ obsession with lecturing and lack of enabling environment. Based on the findings, teaching improvement programs that develop instructors‟ conceptions of teaching were suggested. Furthermore, a supportive environment that enables instructors to translate their changed conceptions of teaching into their teaching practices was recommended. Finally, recommendations for further studies were provided. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

L’approche par les compétences fait partie de la rénovation des systèmes éducatifs. La loi de 1990 institue, pour chaque élève, un livret scolaire qui s’appuie sur des référentiels de compétences. Nous étudions les pratiques d’évaluation et du quotidien de huit professeurs des écoles de CM1 et de CM2. Notre recherche, descriptive, se place dans le cadre des réflexions sur les pratiques enseignantes. Elle se situe dans le champ de la didactique et s’appuie sur des contenus disciplinaires en mathématiques dans deux domaines de connaissance : les fractions et la résolution de problèmes. Notre dispositif d’étude des pratiques enseignantes s’appuie sur un corpus constitué de tâches d’évaluation et de tâches du quotidien ainsi que sur des entretiens à visée compréhensive pendant lesquels les maîtres corrigent les copies de trois à quatre élèves de niveau scolaire moyen choisies par eux. Il s’agit de comprendre le processus d’évaluation depuis le choix des tâches jusqu’au remplissage du livret scolaire qui sert à communiquer sur les acquis des élèves. Nos résultats montrent que l’évaluation des compétences se fait chez l’ensemble des professeurs à travers des tâches standardisées dans le domaine des fractions. Dans la résolution de problèmes, les tâches sont décomposées chez les professeurs qui adhèrent à l’APC alors qu’elles ne le sont pas chez ceux qui ne se préoccupent pas des compétences. Lors de l’évaluation des productions des élèves, les erreurs n’ont pas un statut « formatif ». Les livrets scolaires ont une fonction sommative. Ils fonctionnent comme des bulletins de notes. / The competency-based instruction is an integral part of the renewal of education systems. The 1990 law introduces, for each pupil, a report book based on reference frameworks for competences. We study the evaluation practices and the daily professional lives of eight 4th-5th grade teachers. Our research adopts a descriptive approach and comes within the reflections on teaching practices. It belongs to the field of didactics and employs subject-specific contents in two knowledge fields of mathematics, i.e. the fractions and problem solving. Our study scheme for teaching practices lies on a corpus of evaluation and daily tasks as well as on a set of comprehensive interviews during which the teachers select and grade the exams of three or four pupils with an average school level. The aim is to understand the evaluation process from the choice of tasks to the filling up of report books which serve as communication supports for the pupils’ achievements.The results show that, for all teachers, the evaluation of competences is achieved through a set of standardized tasks in the field of fractions. Regarding the problem solving field teachers supporting the APC break down the tasks while teachers, that are less concerned about the competences, do not proceed in the same manner. During the pupils’ evaluation, the mistakes do not have any formative function. The report books carry out a summative function. They are assimilated to grades reports