This thesis discusses the role that the idea of Zion has played in the first three centuries of American religion. Millenarian themes, such as building New Jerusalem, were common religious themes in seventeenth- to nineteenth-century America. Understanding the doctrine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints regarding this vital subject will be helpful for historians, scholars, and teachers.When the Puritan colonists came to the New World in the early seventeenth century, they sought not only a land of religious liberty, but also a land of ultimate religious achievement: the establishment of Zion and/or New Jerusalem. Many of them hoped to demonstrate that an ideal theocratic society was possible and would solve the world's governmental dilemmas. They paved the way for a long-standing Zion tradition in America.During the eighteenth century, the dream for Zion faded due to the growing concern for individual salvation. The banner of revolution and independence also superseded the interest in the "ensign for the nations" (see Isaiah 11:10-12). Unfortunately, during this era Zion and New Jerusalem became the watchwords for dissident charismatic truth-seekers with small congregations. Antebellum America presented a completely new environment. As America forged westward, more and more settlers became dissatisfied with mainstream organized religions. Primitivism and restorationism made Zion and New Jerusalem an inevitable desire for many religious enthusiasts, though opinions varied on when, where, how, and by whom the "city of God" (Psalm 46:4; see also Psalm 48) could be established.Within this historical context rose The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, whose members were intent on building the New Jerusalem on the American continent and establishing Zion throughout the earth (see Articles of Faith 1:10). It is my ardent hope that this attempt to put the Latter-day Saint concept of Zion and New Jerusalem in its early American millenarian context will be a useful resource in helping to "put all inquirers after truth in possession of the facts" (JS-H 1:1).

丁穎茵. / "2000年6月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2000. / 參考文獻 (leaves 204-214) / 附中英文摘要. / "2000 nian 6 yue" / Ding Yingyin. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2000. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 204-214) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章´Ø --- 問題與回顧 / Chapter 一、 --- 王學與科舉 --- p.1 / Chapter 二、 --- 近人研究回顧 --- p.2 / Chapter 1/ --- 有關思想史硏究的構想 --- p.2 / Chapter 2/ --- 科舉制度與考試文化 --- p.7 / Chapter 3/ --- 個案硏究 --- p.11 / Chapter 三、 --- 章節安排 --- p.15 / Chapter 第二章´Ø --- 從考試評審標準論明代學術的轉變 / Chapter 一、 --- 舉業與學術 --- p.17 / Chapter 1/ --- 科舉的另一面 --- p.17 / Chapter 2/ --- 批評朱學的試卷 --- p.18 / Chapter 二、 --- 評審標準的趣¯‘ة --- p.20 / Chapter 1/ --- 史料與評審標準 --- p.20 / Chapter 2/ --- 各科考試的重點 --- p.21 / Chapter 3/ --- 評審標準的「無我」到「有我」 --- p.27 / Chapter 三、 --- 從朱學到王學 --- p.30 / Chapter 1/ --- 體認的歷史淵源 --- p.30 / Chapter 2/ --- 體認的升格 --- p.31 / Chapter 3/ --- 體認標準的衝擊 --- p.38 / Chapter 4/ --- 體認的另一出路四 --- p.42 / Chapter 四、 --- 結論 --- p.47 / Chapter 第三章´Ø --- 唐順之：考試用書與科舉 / Chapter 一、 --- 《文編》的編撰 --- p.49 / Chapter 二、 --- 從科舉之道到入聖之途 --- p.50 / Chapter 三、 --- 明代考試用書簡介 --- p.57 / Chapter 四、 --- 理想與現實的平衡 --- p.62 / Chapter 1/ --- 第三場的考試範圍 --- p.63 / Chapter 2/ --- 《文編》：神明與應試之奧妙 --- p.68 / Chapter 3/ --- 《諸儒語要》：關係世教與登第之作 --- p.76 / Chapter 五、 --- 《文編》、《諸儒語要》的下場 --- p.82 / Chapter 六、 --- 結論 --- p.85 / Chapter 第四章´Ø --- 王畿：德業、舉業並重的講會 / Chapter 一、 --- 隨緣解縛法 --- p.88 / Chapter 二、 --- 講會：吾人此生大事 --- p.90 / Chapter 1/ --- 何謂講會？ --- p.91 / Chapter 2/ --- 交修麗澤之益 --- p.97 / Chapter 3/ --- 舉業與德業：理想的講會 --- p.103 / Chapter 三、 --- 學術與事業 --- p.109 / Chapter 1/ --- 《登科錄》：王學的舉業紀錄 --- p.110 / Chapter 2/ --- 王畿學生：王門德業的傳承 --- p.115 / Chapter 四、 --- 狂者是非 --- p.122 / Chapter 1/ --- 腹背受敵的傳道人 --- p.123 / Chapter 2/ --- 師門血脈的展開 --- p.129 / Chapter 3/ --- 一代宗盟的魅力 --- p.133 / Chapter 五、 --- 結論 --- p.137 / Chapter 第五章´Ø --- 耿定向：地方教育與王學的傳播 / Chapter 一、 --- 德業、舉業與功名富貴 --- p.140 / Chapter 二、 --- 謹序庠之教 --- p.143 / Chapter 1/ --- 鄒魯之教 --- p.144 / Chapter 2/ --- 策問：學道之筌 --- p.146 / Chapter 3/ --- 講學：尋譯正道的入門 --- p.156 / Chapter 三、 --- 道不遠施 --- p.162 / Chapter 1/ --- 《權子》：王學的野語、童謠 --- p.163 / Chapter 2/ --- 《繹異編》：郢書燕說 --- p.170 / Chapter 四、 --- 傳道與授業 --- p.181 / Chapter 1/ --- 《登科錄》：功名與德業的紀錄 --- p.182 / Chapter 2/ --- 耿門弟子：德業的傳承 --- p.188 / Chapter 五、 --- 結論 --- p.194 / Chapter 第六章´Ø --- 結論 / Chapter 一、 --- 舉業即「士業」 --- p.197 / Chapter 二、 --- 考試評審標準一體認內涵的轉變 --- p.197 / Chapter 三、 --- 王學的傳播 --- p.198 / 參考書目 --- p.204 / 附錄一：明代鄉試、會試中選比率表 --- p.215 / 附錄二：明代科舉考試第三場題目分類表 --- p.217 / 附錄三：王畿學生生平簡介表 --- p.244 / 附錄四：耿定向策問題目分類表 --- p.246

Through a critical-functional, rather than literal, reading of the text of Revelation, this dissertation hypothesises a move beyond the paralysing constant reduction of hermeneutic meaning to two conventional poles when discussing hope – the early Christian movement’s hope through reversal, and contemporary nihilism. In order to do so in a responsible manner, it is necessary to study other research done on the topics of eschatology and hope – especially as seen in the book of Revelation. For this reason, the most popular and representative scholars of the Book of Revelation are studied. This overall look at current scholarships' views regarding the Apocalypse will help detect any possible missing elements in our approach to Revelation. But no study of this topic can be considered near complete if other disciplines are not involved; in this case especially when moving on to a critical-functional reading of Revelation. This thesis thus features an exploratory study of the functioning of ritual and hope within the human psyche; from archaeological to psychological perspectives. This emphasises the importance of, and leads into, the possibilities of a functional reading of the Book of Revelation. All of the above work leads to a re-evaluation of the success of hope as metanarrative for today. The suggestion is that Christian hope is not imaginary, but is irreducibly imaginative. For “reality is never just the world as it exists; it is the world as it is experienced through the lenses of social perception” (Barr 2010:636). / New Testament / D. Th. (New Testament and Early Christian Studies)

Text in German with summaries in German and English / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-212) / Das Matthäusevangelium ist in seiner literarischen Form eine Erzählung. Jesus und die Bedeutung seines Lebens sowie der göttlichen Sendung bilden dabei die zentrale Rolle. Die narrative Exegese ist somit für die Untersuchung der Lehrmethoden Jesu in der Darstellungsweise von Matthäus besonders dazu geeignet, die Lehrmethoden zu analysieren und literarisch zu charakterisieren. Eine Untersuchung der Lehrmethoden Jesu zeigt, dass Jesus auf besondere Art und Weise die Jünger schult, begleitet und herausfordert. Dazu werden zentrale Texte aus dem Matthäusevangelium, in denen die Lehrmethoden Jesu und der Lernprozess der Jünger deutlich werden, zunächst identifiziert, eingegrenzt und narrativ untersucht. Mit diesen Ergebnissen werden in einem weiteren Schritt die Lehrmethoden Jesu mit erlebnispädagogischen Methoden verglichen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden die Darstellung und Charakteristik der Lehrmethoden Jesu erarbeitet, um so mögliche nicht-offensichtliche Bedeutungen der Darstellung von Jesu Lehrtätigkeit und seinen Methoden zu entdecken. / The Gospel of Matthew is a narrative in its literary form. Jesus, the meaning of his life, and his divine mission constitute the central message of the Gospel of Matthew. The narrative exegesis of Matthew is especially suited to the analysis and literary characterization of the teaching methods of Jesus. Numerous passages show what special methods Christ used to instruct, accompany, and challenge his disciples. Essential passages of the Gospel of Matthew which reveal the teaching methods of Jesus and learning process of the disciple are first identified, then narrowed down, and finally analyzed in their narrative. The results of Jesus’ teaching methods are subsequently compared with contemporary experiential education. The presentation and characteristic of the teaching methods of Jesus are compiled in this manner in order to discover possible non- obvious meanings in the account of the teaching of Jesus and his methods. / New Testament / M. Th. (New Testament)

This essay aims to explore the complex interplay between race, religion, and violence as depicted in The Autobiography of Malcolm X by Alex Haley. Through an exploration of Frantz Fanon's theories regarding recognition and violence, alongside James H. Cone’s concept of Black theology, the essay establishes a foundation for the analysis. This analysis will analyze Malcolm X’s evolving transformative identity and political agenda. The essay aims to understand Malcolm X’s engagement with Islamic teachings, his critique of Christianity, and his experiences with violence, and how these themes together shape his social and political agenda in his pursuit of liberation. Malcolm X challenges the racial narrative and argues that White people are devils. This perception undergoes a profound shift after his pilgrimage to Mecca. This transformative journey sheds light on the factors that shaped Malcolm X’s perspective on religion, racial separation, self-defense, and liberation. This essay argues that Malcolm X underwent a profound evolution of ideological perspectives after his affiliation with the NOI and his trip to Mecca, leading to a deeper understanding of Black liberation and the complexities of racial identity.

Summaries in German and English / Text in German / Ziel der Forschungsarbeitet ist es, zu zeigen, dass die johanneische Weinstockrede das alttestamentlich und frühjüdisch geprägte Weinstockmotiv aufgreift und weiter entfaltet. So finden sich in Joh 15:1-8 die Beziehungsebene zwischen Gott und seinen Nachfolgern, die ethische Konnotation, der Gerichtsgedanke, der messianisch-eschatologische Aspekt und der Gedanke von Fruchtbarkeit und Fülle wieder. Es wird deutlich, dass sich in Jesus erfüllt hat, worauf die alttestamentlichen und frühjüdischen Schriften durch die Verwendung des Weinstockmotivs abgezielt haben: Er ist der angekündigte Messias, dessen Kommen Fülle mit sich bringt. Dies hat sich bereits durch Jesu erstes Zeichen, die Verwandlung von Wasser zu Wein (Joh 2:1-11), angedeutet. Neu ist der Gedanke, dass Jesus seine Nachfolger in sein Wirken mit einbezieht. Sie partizipieren an seiner messianischen Fülle und produzieren den Überfluss in Abhängigkeit von Jesus auch selbst mit. Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass die Jünger ihre enge Beziehung zu Jesus durch Gebet und das Einhalten seines Wortes aufrechterhalten und sich an seinem Vorbild orientieren. / The purpose of this thesis is to show that the Johannine vine speech takes up and further develops the vine motif of the Old Testament and early Jewish history. In John 15:1-8 we find emphasis on the relationship between God and his disciples, the ethical connotation, the warning of judgement, the messianic-eschatological aspect and the concepts of fruitfulness and fullness. I will show in this thesis, that the the Old Testament and early Jewish writings that use the vine motif are fulfilled in Jesus Christ: He is the announced Messiah, whose coming will bring fullness. This is already implied in Jesus’s first miracle, turning water into wine (John 2:1-11). What is new is that Jesus includes his disciples in his ministry. They participate in his messianic abundance and in dependence on Jesus they themselves produce abundance. The prerequisite for this abundant fruitfulness is a close relationship with Jesus through prayer, abiding in his word, and following his example. / New Testament / M. Th. (New Testament)

No description available.