Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-77). Also available on the World Wide Web.

A Customização em Massa é uma estratégia de negócios relativamente recente que foi idealizada em meados dos anos oitenta, emergiu no meio empresarial em meados dos anos noventa, e, desde então tem sido adotada por muitas empresas devido ao diferencial competitivo que propicia. O objetivo desta estratégia é atender os desejos individuais dos clientes em grande escala e com maior lucratividade para a empresa. A adoção bem sucedida da Customização em Massa exige profundas alterações em áreas críticas das empresas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é, num primeiro momento, avaliar quais são essas áreas críticas que necessitam mudanças, e num segundo momento, quais são os elementos capacitadores necessários. O trabalho apresenta um modelo conceitual de definições sobre capacitação organizacional, competência funcional, técnicas operacionais e recursos organizacionais. Posteriormente verificou-se a influência destes elementos nos processos e como se dá a aplicação dos mesmos em diferentes setores industriais. A realização deste estudo baseou-se em cleta de dados por meio de questionários e na aplicação do método de estudo de caso em empresas de dois setores industriais, o automobilístico e o de alta tecnologia. A escolha destes setores justifica-se pelo fato deles se encontrarem, historicamente, na vanguarda da adoção das melhores práticas empresariais. Como resultado constatou-se que determinados elementos capacitam a empresa para a Customização em Massa em um setor mas não para outro, ou seja, não existe uma solução genérica para a capacitação organizacional em Customização em Massa. Observou-se também que a simples adoção dos elementos capacitadores não gera a competência funcional requerida em determinada área crítica para a geração desta capacitação organizacional; é também necessário que haja sinergia na aplicação destes elementos. / The customization is a recent strategy that appeared in the middle of 80\'s and currently it emerged in the enterprise environment. Such strategy has been adopted for many companies due to the competitive differential that it supplies. The objective of this strategy is to fulfill the most specific customers\' desires in large-scale and with increasing profitability to the company. The successful adoption of Mass Customization demand deep changes in many critical areas of the enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to analyses which are the critical areas that need to be changed, and which are the Mass Customization enablers. This research presents a conceptual definitions for resources, operational techniques, competences, and organizational capabilities required for Mass Customization. The paper presents a literature review on the issue of planning and deploying Mass Customization initiatives pointing out important resources and techniques that have been adopted by the adherents of this new strategy. It was perceived the influence of these enablers in its respective processes and its different applications in different industrial sectors. To this was adopted the method of case survey in two differents sectors, the automobile and high technology. This choice was proposital because this sector are in the vanguard of the best practices adoption. To have a valid classification of the enablers was elaborated two models. As a result was perceived that some enablers could be applied to one sector and not applied in others to reach the Mass Customization capacity. It does not exist a generic solution for a Mass Customization strategy adoption, because different sectors demands different enablers. It was also observed that the simple adoption of this enablers does not generate the enterprise competence demanded, being necessary the existence of a synergy between and focus of these enablers.

本論文將分析1997年以後韓國資訊化產業發展過程，探討政府介入將會造成IT產業的何種影響、並且在介入力度與政策手段上是否有關連性，以及政商關係等等作為研究基礎，並且針對韓國IT產業發產來探討政府所扮演的角色。 本文認為韓國資訊產業的成功的是由於在1997年金融危機發生後韓國財閥與金融體系受到重挫與整頓，而政府在此情況下的產業政策與財閥經營方針轉以「集中與選擇」為原則，全力發展IT產業並以此帶動韓國在危機當中的經濟轉型。而整頓後的韓國政府與財團間的關係不若之前來的緊密，政府同時也開始扶持新創企業成立。在2002年「十大未來成長動力產業」中，韓國政府也開始調整其角色定位，從強力介入、引導慢慢轉為輔助民間並且提供政策支援。

La publicidad social ha sido partícipe en el enfrentamiento y solución de diversas problemáticas sociales a lo largo de los años, moldeando las conductas y los comportamientos de la humanidad para lograr el bienestar común. En el siglo XXI, uno de los problemas más latentes es la desigualdad de género, frente a la cual nace como respuesta el empoderamiento femenino como causa social. En el Perú, entidades públicas y privadas luchan por cerrar las distintas brechas existentes entre hombres y mujeres, entre ellas, la brecha digital; mediante campañas de publicidad social que buscan empoderar al género femenino y fomentar la igualdad en el país. Entre estas campañas, se puede mencionar “Giving Tuesday” de Laboratoria, organización que promueve la participación de mujeres en el sector tecnológico. Esta campaña busca donaciones monetarias para poder solventar los gastos de capacitación que reciben las mujeres y así impulsar su inserción laboral como programadoras, UX designers, desarrolladoras web, etc. El presente trabajo analiza que elementos de esta campaña social contribuyen en la construcción del empoderamiento en mujeres entre 18 a 28 años interesadas en el sector tecnológico peruano. La metodología que se plantea para la presente investigación tendrá un carácter cualitativo, se tomará una muestra de 20 estudiantes mujeres de las carreras Ingeniería de sistemas, software, de la información, empresarial e industrial para ser entrevistadas a profundidad. / Social advertising has been a key factor in confronting and solving diverse social issues over the years, shaping human behavior to achieve common well-being. In the 21st century, one of the most latent problems is gender inequality, against which female empowerment arises in response as a social cause. In Peru, both public and private institutions fight to close the existing gaps between men and women, among them, the digital one; through social advertising campaigns that seek to empower women and promote equality in the country. Among these campaigns, we find the case of “Giving Tuesday” from Laboratoria, an organization that promotes women participation in the Technological industry. The campaign seeks for donations to cover the training expenses that women receive and thus boost their employment as programmers, UX designers, web developers, etc. This paper analyzes how the Giving Tuesday social campaign from Laboratoria contributes to empower women between 18 and 28 years interested in the Peruvian technology sector. The methodology proposed for this research will be qualitative, it will be taken a sample of 20 female students from the careers of Systems Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Engineering, Industrial Engineering and Business Engineering, for the conduction of interviews. / Trabajo de investigación

Despite heightened efforts to increase gender parity, organizations in the technology industry are struggling to implement and enact Gender Diversity and Inclusion policies (GDIPs). This purpose of this dissertation was to enhance understandings of obstacles to policy enactment and unearth ways in which organizations can create more equitable work environments. Specifically, this project investigated how members of technology organizations construct knowledge about Gender Diversity and Inclusion policies through their personal experiences, attitudes and beliefs, and interactions with others within and external to their organization. Utilizing a critical-interpretivist and intersectional feminism as ontological and epistemological frameworks, this dissertation study draws from structurating activity theory (SAT; Canary, 2010) and theories of organizational identification (Scott, 2007) to explore issues of policy knowledge construction, implementation, and enactment. Completed in two phases,this dissertation employed a mixed-methods design. Phase One used DeVellis’ (2017) framework to develop a Gender Diversity and Inclusion policy attitude scale (GDIPAS) to evaluate how personal opinions about GDIPs and larger constructs like sexism, feminism, identification, and social desirability contribute to the policy knowledge construction process. Phase Two used a parallel analysis design to quantitatively (i.e., surveys) and qualitatively (i.e., interviews) investigate how members of tech-based organizations construct GDIP knowledge through intra- and extra-organizational interactions, as well as personal beliefs and attitudes (Teddlie & Tashakkori, 2009). Phase One resulted in five-factors underlying Gender Diversity and Inclusion policy attitude: perception of policy abuse, policy familiarity, perception of workforce gender inequity, policy support, and perception of organizational gender diversity. Results from Phase Two indicated that members of technology organizations interact within and across activity systems to construct knowledge about GDIPs through structural contradictions that (re)produce barriers to policy implementation and enactment.This project contributed to organizational communication theory by investigating the role of organizational identification in the policy knowledge construction process. Further, this dissertation extended SAT by identifying two new structural contradictions and a primary system-level contradiction, and by centralizing power in the investigation of policy knowledge construction. Methodologically, this dissertation offers a new policy attitude measure for scholars and practitioners. Finally, results of this project provide practical insights into barriers to policy implementation and enactment.

Business need required a holistic and focussed framework for best practices in the functioning of effective virtual teams, despite the fragmented nature of empirical studies in this field. This study endeavoured to explore the best practices in the functioning of effective virtual teams against four prominent and unique themes linked to purpose, processes, people and technology. The value of this study does not vest in the existence of virtual teams, but in their orderly operation, in terms of best practice and the value proposition of effectiveness. Following an exploratory qualitative strategy, the research was conducted according to the interpretivist branch of the phenomenological tradition, with a transcendental orientation in the social research field. A qualitative multi-case research design for the empirical study was selected, resulting in a non-probability sample within the software sector of the technology industry in South Africa. An original and pre-tested Lime Survey 2.0+ electronic questionnaire instrument was utilised as the instrument to collect information within a cross-sectional time horizon, to work in synchronisation with the collaborative asynchronous electronic architecture of virtual teams. Content analysis was applied to analyse data. The main findings indicated that effective virtual teams purposefully orientate themselves toward excellence through electronic management systems, a specific value system, with a knowledge seeking focus, and a seamless linkage in electronic infrastructure, applications, and platforms which contribute to the functionality of the effective virtual team. The main recommendations were that a pre-existing, functional, collaborative, integrated, electronic management system is regarded as the primary step in founding an effective virtual team. The focus of organisational leadership should be to embrace a holistic value system approach encapsulating specific elements of excellence, such as trust and independence. Human networking practices pursuing and sustaining knowledge are regarded as the key enabler for functioning of effective virtual teams. Lastly, a focussed seamless interface between the various electronic applications, platforms and infrastructures is recommended. / Human Resource Management / D. Com. (Human Resource Management)

本研究探討以實質選擇權法評估高科技公司之股價，而如何評估企業合理的股價一直都是學者、投資人與企業亟欲探討的問題。由於高科技產業類似買權的特性，即潛在獲利高而下方風險有限(放棄選擇權)，使得採用何種股票評價模型來評估高科技產業股價更是一重要課題。一般常用來衡量企業實質價值的方法有三類：現金流量折現法、相對評價法（如本益比法）以及近年來開始發展的實質選擇權模型。但傳統的現金流量折現法會忽略了管理者的決策彈性而低估價值，本益比法會受到盈餘品質的影響；因此本研究以Schwartz和Moon(2000)連續時間之下的實質選擇權法來評估每股價值，希望在加入營運策略彈性之考慮後，求算出的模型價格能更真實地反映企業價值，並進而探討影響企業價值之關鍵因素。 本文以台灣IC設計產業龍頭，有「亞洲英特爾」之稱的威盛電子公司為研究對象。以威盛及其類似公司矽統科技之相關歷史資料估計參數，並與民國90年第一季實際股價驗證，發現實際股價逐漸逼近模型價格346.54元。以敏感度分析結果得到影響威盛股價的關鍵參數有四個：成本佔收入之比率、賺取超額報酬之期間、企業終值和收入成長率隨機過程之回復平均速度。 / The valuation of high-growth companies has been a controversial subject both in the academic literature and financial press. Since high-tech companies have option-like characteristics and asymmetric payoffs, this paper attempts to apply real-options pricing model created by Schwartz and Moon (2000) to get the rational price of high-tech companies and look for the key value-drivers. This paper focuses on valuing VIA Technologies, the world’s largest PC core logic chipset supplier with growing exposure to communications chips and microprocessors. After estimating the model parameters and solving the model by simulation, the model stock price for VIA Technologies is $346.54；moreover, market prices are getting close to the model price in the first quarter of 2001. Finally, I perform sensitivity analysis on the more critical parameters of the model, and find out four important parameters that have big effects on stock prices, including variable costs, horizon of the estimation, terminal value and speed of adjustment for the rate of growth process.

Background: Most of the existing literature regarding innovation and innovation strategies focus on high-tech industries. In contrast low- and medium-technology industries are receiving very little attention despite the category is making up the largest part of the manufacturing industries in OECD countries. The phenomenon could be the result of misconceptions regarding innovation process in low- medium-tech industries and existing pre-eminence of linear model of innovation. Investigating the realities of innovation strategies in the low- and medium technology industries would help crystallise the understanding of innovation strategies within low- and medium technology industries uncovering key factors for innovation under the industry category. Research question: How do organisations under low- and medium-technology industry category innovate and what is the impact the chosen innovation strategy or a combination of innovation strategies have on the organisation? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand which innovation strategies (open, closed, exploitative, explorative or a combination of these strategies) organisations under low- and medium technology industry implement and how such innovation strategies impact the organisation. The aim of the study is to crystallise the understanding in how LMTs innovate, which innovation strategies they select and what influences the selection of innovation strategy. Method: Abductive research approach is used for the study. Qualitative research method is a primary source of data gathered from 8 organisations operating under low- and medium- technology industry category. The data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with C- level executives and management responsible for innovation initiatives. Theoretical framework: The literature will present knowledge based view and outline the link between knowledge and open, closed, exploitative and explorative innovation strategies. Findings & conclusion: Ability to identify relevant knowledge and assimilate it drove innovation within the LMTs assessed. Innovation strategies were selected based on understanding of additional information requirements and market environment in their respective markets. Various combinations of innovation strategies were used at the assessed organisations. Some of the assessed organisations used more open or more closed innovation strategies based on business circumstances. Open innovation strategies enabled fast knowledge accumulation and problem solution discovery. Organisational cultures influence the choice of innovation strategies. Peoples’ knowledge drives performance.

資訊服務產業的發展，攸關所有產業的轉型升級，是促進資訊化社會發展與國家競爭力的動能。在資訊技術不斷進步下，物聯網、巨量資料、智慧城市等概念興起，使得資訊產品與服務的需求越來越客製化，從過去的單一產品與服務，逐漸偏向提供整體的解決方案，而在面對交易金額龐大且需求複雜的B2B企業客戶時，就相當仰賴業務人員的知識與能力，透過與顧客溝通的過程，傳遞產品與服務內容的資訊。 本研究透過「策略行銷4C架構」與「銷售管理程序」，針對I資訊服務公司的銷售訪談案例進行分析，探討銷案案例成功的因素、瞭解資訊服務產品在銷售時所蘊含的各項交易成本，以及業務人員在經營新客戶與舊客戶時的異同。 研究結果指出，銷售成功的原因除了必須比客戶更瞭解他們的需求外，也要依照交易時的環境、條件與目標限制進行分析，才能掌握與發揮自身的競爭優勢。而從本研究結果中可發現，資訊服務產品在銷售時，主要應著重降低買方的資訊蒐集與道德危機成本，尤其是在面對新客戶，雙方尚未達到互信基礎下，買方會懷疑賣方是否有履行合約的能力，因此可透過成功案例的分享、合約的保證或是其他可降低道德風險成本的方式，來降低雙方的交易成本﹔而對於已有合作經驗的舊客戶，維持一定的售後服務水準與關係，增加買方的專屬陷入成本，雙方才能有更長期的合作。

La promotion de l’innovation est une valeur pour différents pays. À cette fin, ils font usage de diverses techniques juridiques pour inciter les entreprises à viser et à générer de nouveaux produits, services ou technologies. Au Brésil, la propriété intellectuelle est considérée comme une des institutions juridiques les plus aptes à préserver l’intérêt des entreprises à continuer à innover. Cependant, la période suivant l’accord ADPIC a révélé que la propriété intellectuelle a failli à sa tâche de consolider de modèle de développement par l’innovation dans le pays. Cette frustration n’est un phénomène limité au Brésil, comme nous le percevons en évaluant d’autres économies héritières du sous-développement. Au lieu d’une ample diffusion technologique, nous observons le renforcement d’une espèce de «cartel de la connaissance», avec une influence mondiale. La surprotection des droits de propriété intellectuelle s’ajoute au discours de la réduction de l’intervention concurrentielle, découlant de l’influence de l’École de Chicago. La thèse part du présupposé que ce contexte décrit n’est pas en accord avec l’idéologie constitutionnellement adoptée au Brésil, nécessitant de promouvoir une action renouvelée du Conseil Administratif de Défense Économique (CADE). La présente recherche a pour objectif de formuler une fonction régulatrice de l’innovation par l’application du droit brésilien de la concurrence. L’enquête a eu un caractère interdisciplinaire, impliquant plus particulièrement des connaissances du droit et de l’économie. Nous avons conduit une analyse des jugements rendus par les autorités de la concurrence brésilienne et européennes relatifs à la protection de l’innovation et des droits de propriété intellectuelle. L’analyse comparative avec l’expérience européenne a permis de constater que les apports de l’économie industrielle contemporaine peuvent introduire des analyses économiques plus réalistes, sans perdre de vue la sécurité juridique dans l’intervention concurrentielle. Ainsi, nous comprenons que le CADE présente des compétences constitutionnelles et légales pour intervenir, de façon renouvelée, dans des cas impliquant l’industrie de haute technologie, en privilégiant les structures économiques plus inclusives et en réduisant les barrières à l’entrée des marchés. / The promotion of innovation is a value widely pursued by the most different countries, which implement various legal techniques to ensure the necessary incentives for companies that succeed in generating new products, services and technologies. In Brazil, intellectual property is considered one of the most suitable legal institutes to better preserve the interest of companies in continuing to innovate. However, the period following Brazil’s accession to the TRIPS Agreement revealed that it did not meet the expectations of consolidating the innovation development model in the country. This frustration is not a phenomenon restricted to Brazil, as one can perceive in evaluating other economies with inheritances of underdevelopment. In lieu of a broad technological diffusion, what was observed is the consolidation of a "knowledge cartel," with global influence. The "overprotection" of intellectual property rights is added to the narrative of a reduction in competitive intervention, resulting from the influence of the Chicago School. Thus, this thesis assumes that the context previously described is not in accordance with the constitutionally adopted ideology, making it necessary to promote a renewed action of the Brazilian Administrative Council of Economic Defense (CADE, in Portuguese). The research aimed to formulate a regulatory function of innovation by means of the Brazilian Competition Law mechanisms. The research had an interdisciplinary character, involving, especially, knowledge of Law and Economy. An analysis of cases judged by Brazilian and European competition authorities on the protection of innovation and intellectual property rights was carried out. The comparative analysis with the European experience showed that the contributions of the contemporary industrial economy can introduce more realistic economic analyzes, without losing sight of the legal security in the competitive intervention. Thus, it is understood that CADE has constitutional and legal powers to intervene, in a renewed way, in cases involving the high technology industry, prioritizing more inclusive economic structures and reducing high barriers to entry in the markets in question. / A promoção da inovação é um valor amplamente perseguido pelos mais diferentes países, os quais se utilizam de diversas técnicas jurídicas para garantir os estímulos necessários às empresas que tenham sucesso em gerar novos produtos e serviços ou novas tecnologias. No Brasil, considera-se a propriedade intelectual como um dos institutos jurídicos mais aptos a preservar o interesse das empresas em continuar inovando. Entretanto, o período subsequente à adesão ao Acordo TRIPS revelou que este não cumpriu com as expectativas de consolidar o modelo de desenvolvimento via inovação no país. Essa frustração não é fenômeno restrito ao Brasil, conforme se percebe ao avaliar outras economias com heranças do subdesenvolvimento. No lugar da ampla difusão tecnológica, o que se verificou foi a consolidação de uma espécie de “cartel do conhecimento”, com influência global. Assim, a “superproteção” dos direitos de propriedade intelectual se soma à narrativa de redução de intervenção concorrencial, decorrente da influência da Escola de Chicago. A presente tese parte do pressuposto de que esse contexto descrito não está de acordo com a ideologia constitucionalmente adotada, fazendo-se necessário promover uma atuação renovada do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE). A pesquisa teve como objetivo formular uma função reguladora da inovação por meio da aplicação do Direito Brasileiro da Concorrência. Para tanto, a investigação teve caráter interdisciplinar, envolvendo, especialmente, conhecimentos do Direito e da Economia. Foi realizada uma análise de casos julgados pelas autoridades da concorrência brasileira e europeias, versando sobre a proteção da inovação e de direitos de propriedade intelectual. Em face disso, a análise comparativa com a experiência europeia permitiu constatar que os aportes da Economia Industrial contemporânea podem introduzir análises econômicas mais realistas, sem perder de vista a segurança jurídica na intervenção concorrencial. Assim, infere-se que o CADE apresenta competências constitucionais e legais para intervir, de maneira renovada, em casos que envolvam a indústria de alta tecnologia, priorizando estruturas econômicas mais inclusivas e reduzindo as elevadas barreiras a entrada.