The problem of this study was to determine the attitudes of teenagers toward early parenting. A fifty-two item questionnaire was given to 253 students enrolled in Homemaking I, Homemaking II, or Home and Family Living classes. Data are reported in five sections: teenagers' (1) attitudes about early parenting, (2) perceptions of child abuse and neglect, (3) beliefs about disciplining and punishment, (4) preparation for parenting skills, and (5) attitudes toward parenting education classes. Different results were obtained on measures of race, sex, and grade levels. Very few differences in attitudes were identified between ethnic groups and grade levels. Males and females differed in attitudes toward birth control and parenting tasks.

The United States has the highest teen pregnancy and adolescent STD rates of any industrialized nation. Numerous factors are involved in adolescent sexual decision-making and the social-ecological framework suggests that there are multiple levels of influence on adolescent development, including familial. Utilizing survey data from the Virginia Abstinence Education Initiative (VAEI), this project specifically explores paternal influences on adolescent sexual behavior and beliefs by examining paternal residence in the home, perceived paternal figure sexual beliefs, and father-child relationship factors. Results indicate that paternal figures influence their daughters' and sons' sexual behaviors as well as beliefs. Differences in paternal figure influence across gender were found as well. Those endeavoring to develop more effective teen pregnancy prevention and abstinence education programs may consider the involvement of paternal figures in future efforts.

Trata-se de um estudo exploratório empírico, de natureza qualitativa, que busca analisar, sob a ótica das relações de gênero, as singularidades das trajetórias afetivas, sexuais e reprodutivas de mulheres jovens de estratos populares do município de São Paulo, a partir de suas experiências de socialização. Por meio de entrevistas em profundidade semi-estruturadas realizadas com seis jovens, entre 16 e 20 anos, quatro das quais com experiência de gravidez na adolescência, buscou-se compreender, em primeiro lugar, o processo de aprendizagem das \"regras\" sociais da sexualidade modeladas e preconizadas pelos diversos agentes socializadores, bem como de que modo as jovens articulam e se apropriam desses saberes, formando seu acervo de conhecimentos sobre sexualidade. Em segundo lugar, buscou-se a identificação e a análise dos elementos que são percebidos pelas jovens como mais relevantes na concretização ou no adiamento do projeto de maternidade. Busca-se ressaltar, ainda, a importância da heterogeneidade dos perfis e a diversidade das situações vividas pelas jovens, considerando que as políticas públicas de saúde e de educação tendem a homogeneizá-las sob o critério etário, desconsiderando os significados e representações de sexualidade e de maternidade. A fundamentação teórica baseia-se, sobretudo, no conceito de socialização desenvolvido por Peter Berger e Thomas Luckmann e no conceito de gênero elaborado por Joan Scott. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida no bairro de Cidade Tiradentes, da zona leste de São Paulo, entre as jovens usuárias da Casa Ser - Centro de Atenção à Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva Maria Auxiliadora Lara Barcelos, uma unidade de saúde especializada no atendimento às mulheres do bairro, que possui características pioneiras e inovadoras, trabalhando sob a perspectiva das relações de gênero. O período de entrevistas estendeu-se por cerca de um ano, durante o qual foi possível acompanhar alguns acontecimentos nas vidas das jovens, como por exemplo, o nascimento do/a filho/a, suas jornadas em busca de emprego e suas percepções em relação aos eventos passados, bem como suas perspectivas de futuro. Como resultados principais, foi constatado que as jovens constroem seu repertório de conhecimentos sobre sexualidade a partir de discursos e de modelos de diversos agentes socializadores, sendo todos importantes neste processo e que elas participam ativamente na busca de informações que as possibilitem fazer escolhas em relação a sua sexualidade. Foi constatado também que os modelos de gênero presentes, sobretudo na socialização familiar e nas relações afetivas agem fortemente no modo como as jovens pensam a maternidade, sendo mais relevantes do que os discursos preconizados pela família e por outros agentes socializadores. / This is an empirical qualitative research, which purpose is to analyze, under gender relations perspective, the singularities of love, sexual and reproductive trajectories of underprivileged young women living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, considering their socialization experiences. Six young women between the ages of 16 and 20, four among which had teen pregnancy experience, were interviewed, with the purpose to understand, first, the learning process of the social \"rules\" of sexuality shaped and advocated by the many socialization agents, as well as the way young women articulate and incorporate these teachings and how they build their knowledge about sexuality. Second, the investigation tried to identify and to analyze which elements are perceived by the young women as the most important in their decision-making process to become a teenage mother or to postpone this project. The study aims to emphasize the importance of the heterogeneity of the profiles and the diversity of the situations experienced by young women, considering that health and education public policies tend to homogenize them under the age criterion, ignoring the meanings and their representations of sexuality and motherhood. The concept of socialization developed by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann and the concept of gender elaborated by Joan Scott are applied as theoretical basis for the analysis. The field research was carried out in Cidade Tiradentes, in east São Paulo, among the young clients of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Center Maria Auxiliadora Lara Barcelos, a specialized public health unit which provide health services and counseling to women living in the neighborhood, with pioneering and innovative characteristics, working under the perspective of gender relations. The interviews were carried our for about one year, during which it was possible to follow some important events in the lives of the young, for example, the birth of their children, job hunting experiences, their perceptions about past events and future prospects. As main results, it was evidenced that the young women construct their repertoire of sexuality knowledge on the basis of discourses and models shaped by different socialization agents; all agents are important to them in the process; the young women participate actively in the search for information that help them make choices about their sexual lives. It was also evidenced that gender models, especially those in their family socialization and love relationships influence strongly the way the young women think about motherhood, and are more relevant than the discourses from families and other socialization agents.

Knowledge gaps exist related to the care and education of pregnant teens. This project study addressed the problem of an inadequate amount of professional development (PD) and training for healthcare professionals (HCPs) caring for pregnant teens at a maternity clinic in the Southeastern United States. Unless HCPs are appropriately trained, the ability to meet the needs of pregnant teens is deficient and negative health outcomes for these patients are likely to be exacerbated. The humanistic learning theory was used in this phenomenological exploratory study to explore perception of 9 HCPs who had the responsibility for patient teaching, clinical care, and were full time employees at a maternity clinic. The research questions focused on the perceptions of the HCPs regarding their experiences of PD as it relates to the care of pregnant and parenting teens, strengths and weaknesses of their current PD, and how their PD could impact the health outcomes of pregnant and parenting teens. The themes developed from the interview data revealed a need for an expansion of HCP knowledge and skills to improve the healthcare of pregnant and parenting teens, as well as challenges associated with the current PD plan. The resulting project consisted of a 3-day workshop to increase the HCPs' proficiency and efficacy in caring for pregnant and parenting teens. Evaluation of the project will be through formative and summative assessment. The project contributes to positive social change at the local clinic by reinforcing the HCPs' skills in in educating, caring for, and supporting the teen parent population.

In the United States, concerns about adolescent childbearing and its perceived corollaries – negative health outcomes for mother and child, the disintegration of the nuclear family, and “over-dependence” on public resources – began to circulate widely in policy spheres and popular media in the 1970’s, resulting in a proliferation of policies, programs, and services designed to address its prevention. Although national birth rates among adolescents are currently at their lowest since peaking in the early 1990’s, this decline masks persistent and significant disparities between groups of young people by race, ethnicity, geography, and poverty level. The concomitant existence of social and economic inequities that contribute to these differences is particularly striking in New York City; an urban center of vast extremes in health, wealth, and opportunity, but which boasts extensive reproductive health services for young people, including confidential care and availability of free or low-cost contraception. Within this setting, the promotion of hormonal and long-acting reversible contraceptive methods, specifically aimed at young women deemed at high risk of pregnancy and with less access to health care, has emerged as a key primary prevention strategy to reduce both overall adolescent pregnancy rates and disparities between adolescent groups. Using ethnographic methods, this research examined the promulgation and interpretation of this strategy by reproductive health leaders and healthcare workers as well as contextualized these perspectives with the reproductive decisions and fertility desires of female youth for whom this strategy is intended. As a result, this study elucidates broader political and socio-cultural contexts in which young women negotiate intimate relationships and contraceptive use. Recommendations are subsequently offered for clinical practices attuned to female youths’ lived experiences, educational programs for healthcare workers, and reproductive health policies reflective of the broader factors that influence contraceptive behaviors.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1558604 bytes, checksum: e2675f2e45ce42d4a7813e0eda9f5157 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study aimed to identify the social representations made by adolescent fathers and mothers on paternity and motherhood in adolescence. Recognizing the importance of integrating the teenage father in the process of paternity, this research has included in its scope the male adolescent. This study was supported on the Social Representations Theory. With the participation of 80 teenagers distributed equitably by gender, from lower social classes, ages from 14 to 19 years-old (M = 16.71, SD = 1.20), who pass through the experience of having only one child. To collect data, it was used a multimethod approach, counting on different instruments: Questionnaire on bio-socio-demographic characteristics and contraceptive practices which answers were recorded in PASW (Predictive Analytics SoftWare) version 18, and analyzed by descriptive statistics; free word association test, processed in software Tri-Deux Mots for Correspondence Factor Analysis (CFA) and; Semi-structured Interview, which was submitted to the Alceste software for the analysis of descending and ascending hierarchical classifications. The results of the CFA showed that adolescents have representations that vary according to gender. Teenager parents represented paternity as "learning", an experience that generates demands from the need to "help", causing a "loss of freedom". The adolescent mothers indicated some assignments in which the parent is negatively associated to that which "does not accept the child" and seems "irresponsible", and should take help in child rearing, which was objectified in the expression "must participate". Motherhood in adolescence, according to male participants, was objectified in the practice of "breastfeeding", considered by them as a symbolic feature of this experience, was also associated with affective aspect "give love" and to the commitment of "taking care of the child". For its time, the mothers objectified experience of motherhood with a positive connotation associated with "something good", representing "love", a "dream", a "God thing", but, nevertheless, recognize that "demands responsibility" before the role of "caring" son. The analysis of the interviews revealed a dendrogram structured by four thematic classes whose representational contents are associated to the experiences and meanings of parenthood in adolescence, including aspects of the difficulty of inserting paternal and maternal commitment; to the knowledge about contraception, their means of serving and preventive practices; to the future projects planned before and after being fathers/ mothers, and, finally, to the affects mobilized forward to pregnancy and judgment of another. It is hoped that the knowledge produced in this research allows broaden discussions and reflections around the studied object, providing information on the beliefs, attitudes, images, opinions and meanings of adolescents. In this respect, it trusts that the findings of this thesis may shed light on the knowledge produced by teenagers, especially in the father s perspective, in order to insert them into public policies on health and sex education to enable them to engage in this process, deconstructing the idea of social invisibility commonly associated with the father figure in the affective experience of having/ caring for a child in adolescence. / O objetivo da pesquisa foi de apreender as representações sociais elaboradas por pais e mães adolescentes sobre a paternidade e a maternidade na adolescência. Por reconhecer a importância da inserção do pai adolescente no processo da paternidade, a presente pesquisa incluiu em seu escopo o adolescente do sexo masculino. Este estudo foi subsidiado pela Teoria das Representações Sociais. Contou com a participação de 80 adolescentes distribuídos equitativamente em relação ao sexo, provenientes de classe social baixa, com idades entre 14 e 19 anos (M = 16,71; DP = 1,20), que vivenciam a experiência de ter apenas um filho. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizou-se uma abordagem de multimétodos, com diferentes instrumentos: questionário sobre características biossociodemográficas e práticas contraceptivas, cujas respostas foram tabuladas no Predictive Analytics SoftWare (PASW), versão 18, e analisadas por meio de estatística descritiva; Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras, processados no software Tri-Deux Mots para Análise Fatorial de Correspondência (AFC) e; Entrevista Semiestruturada, que foi submetida ao software Alceste para análise das classificações hierárquicas descendente e ascendente. Os resultados da AFC evidenciaram que as representações dos adolescentes em relação ao sexo são diferenciadas. Os adolescentes pais representaram a paternidade como aprendizado , uma experiência que gera demandas a partir da necessidade de ajudar , e que provoca a perda da liberdade . As adolescentes mães apontaram algumas atribuições em que o pai é associado negativamente àquele que não aceita o filho , parece irresponsável , e deve assumir a criança e ajudar a criá-la, o que foi objetivado na expressão tem que participar . A maternidade na adolescência, segundo os participantes do sexo masculino, foi objetivada na prática da amamentação , considerada por eles como uma característica simbólica desta vivência; também foi associada ao aspecto afetivo dar amor e ao compromisso de cuidar do filho . Por seu tempo, as mães objetivaram a experiência da maternidade com uma conotação positiva, associada a algo bom , que representa amor , um sonho , uma coisa de Deus . Apesar disso, reconhecem que exige responsabilidade diante do papel de cuidar do filho. A análise das entrevistas evidenciou um dendrograma estruturado por quatro classes temáticas cujos conteúdos representacionais estão associados às vivências e significados da paternidade e maternidade na adolescência, incluindo-se nesta classe temática a dificuldade de inserção paterna e o compromisso materno; aos conhecimentos sobre contracepção, seus meios de veiculação e práticas preventivas; aos projetos futuros planejados antes e depois de serem pais/mães; e, por último, conteúdos associados aos afetos mobilizados frente à gravidez e ao julgamento do outro. Espera-se que o conhecimento produzido nesta pesquisa amplie as discussões e as reflexões em torno do objeto estudado, com informações relativas às crenças, às atitudes, ás imagens, aos significados e opiniões dos adolescentes. Neste aspecto, confia-se que os achados desta tese possam lançar luz sobre o saber elaborado pelos adolescentes, sobretudo na perspectiva paterna, com vistas a inseri-los em políticas públicas de saúde e de educação sexual que os engajem neste processo, desconstruindo a ideia de invisibilidade social comumente associada à figura paterna na vivência afetiva de ter/cuidar de um filho na adolescência.

Trata-se de um estudo exploratório empírico, de natureza qualitativa, que busca analisar, sob a ótica das relações de gênero, as singularidades das trajetórias afetivas, sexuais e reprodutivas de mulheres jovens de estratos populares do município de São Paulo, a partir de suas experiências de socialização. Por meio de entrevistas em profundidade semi-estruturadas realizadas com seis jovens, entre 16 e 20 anos, quatro das quais com experiência de gravidez na adolescência, buscou-se compreender, em primeiro lugar, o processo de aprendizagem das \"regras\" sociais da sexualidade modeladas e preconizadas pelos diversos agentes socializadores, bem como de que modo as jovens articulam e se apropriam desses saberes, formando seu acervo de conhecimentos sobre sexualidade. Em segundo lugar, buscou-se a identificação e a análise dos elementos que são percebidos pelas jovens como mais relevantes na concretização ou no adiamento do projeto de maternidade. Busca-se ressaltar, ainda, a importância da heterogeneidade dos perfis e a diversidade das situações vividas pelas jovens, considerando que as políticas públicas de saúde e de educação tendem a homogeneizá-las sob o critério etário, desconsiderando os significados e representações de sexualidade e de maternidade. A fundamentação teórica baseia-se, sobretudo, no conceito de socialização desenvolvido por Peter Berger e Thomas Luckmann e no conceito de gênero elaborado por Joan Scott. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida no bairro de Cidade Tiradentes, da zona leste de São Paulo, entre as jovens usuárias da Casa Ser - Centro de Atenção à Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva Maria Auxiliadora Lara Barcelos, uma unidade de saúde especializada no atendimento às mulheres do bairro, que possui características pioneiras e inovadoras, trabalhando sob a perspectiva das relações de gênero. O período de entrevistas estendeu-se por cerca de um ano, durante o qual foi possível acompanhar alguns acontecimentos nas vidas das jovens, como por exemplo, o nascimento do/a filho/a, suas jornadas em busca de emprego e suas percepções em relação aos eventos passados, bem como suas perspectivas de futuro. Como resultados principais, foi constatado que as jovens constroem seu repertório de conhecimentos sobre sexualidade a partir de discursos e de modelos de diversos agentes socializadores, sendo todos importantes neste processo e que elas participam ativamente na busca de informações que as possibilitem fazer escolhas em relação a sua sexualidade. Foi constatado também que os modelos de gênero presentes, sobretudo na socialização familiar e nas relações afetivas agem fortemente no modo como as jovens pensam a maternidade, sendo mais relevantes do que os discursos preconizados pela família e por outros agentes socializadores. / This is an empirical qualitative research, which purpose is to analyze, under gender relations perspective, the singularities of love, sexual and reproductive trajectories of underprivileged young women living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, considering their socialization experiences. Six young women between the ages of 16 and 20, four among which had teen pregnancy experience, were interviewed, with the purpose to understand, first, the learning process of the social \"rules\" of sexuality shaped and advocated by the many socialization agents, as well as the way young women articulate and incorporate these teachings and how they build their knowledge about sexuality. Second, the investigation tried to identify and to analyze which elements are perceived by the young women as the most important in their decision-making process to become a teenage mother or to postpone this project. The study aims to emphasize the importance of the heterogeneity of the profiles and the diversity of the situations experienced by young women, considering that health and education public policies tend to homogenize them under the age criterion, ignoring the meanings and their representations of sexuality and motherhood. The concept of socialization developed by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann and the concept of gender elaborated by Joan Scott are applied as theoretical basis for the analysis. The field research was carried out in Cidade Tiradentes, in east São Paulo, among the young clients of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Center Maria Auxiliadora Lara Barcelos, a specialized public health unit which provide health services and counseling to women living in the neighborhood, with pioneering and innovative characteristics, working under the perspective of gender relations. The interviews were carried our for about one year, during which it was possible to follow some important events in the lives of the young, for example, the birth of their children, job hunting experiences, their perceptions about past events and future prospects. As main results, it was evidenced that the young women construct their repertoire of sexuality knowledge on the basis of discourses and models shaped by different socialization agents; all agents are important to them in the process; the young women participate actively in the search for information that help them make choices about their sexual lives. It was also evidenced that gender models, especially those in their family socialization and love relationships influence strongly the way the young women think about motherhood, and are more relevant than the discourses from families and other socialization agents.

This study investigated the relationships among family environment, demographic measures, the decisions made by unintentionally pregnant adolescents regarding post-delivery plans (stay single, get married, adoption), and the certainty with which these decisions were made. The Information Sheet, Family Environment Scale (Moos & Moos, 1981), and Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (Zuckerman & Lubin, 1965a) were administered to 17 5 pregnant adolescents, ages 14 through 22, who intended to carry their pregnancies to term. Pearson product-moment correlations and multiple regression analyses were utilized to assess the relationships between family environment and certainty of decision and between family environment and negative affect. Greater uncertainty was associated with nonwhite racial status and living with both natural parents or mother only. Higher levels of negative affect were related to lower levels of perceived family cohesion, independence, expressiveness, and intellectualcultural orientation. The demographic variables of age, trimester of pregnancy, and family constellation were also found to be useful in predicting levels of negative affect. Subjects who were older, further along in their pregnancies, and living with both natural parents or mother only tended to report greater negative affect. Findings of greater uncertainty and negative affect associated with living with the natural mother are consistent with previous reports of disturbed mother-daughter relationships among this population. Discriminant analysis revealed that subjects choosing adoption were more likely to be older and to be white than those choosing to keep the child. They also tended to perceive higher levels of expressiveness and independence in their families. Comparisons between the present sample and "normal" families revealed differences which were statistically significant, but quite small in terms of raw score units. Indeed, these groups may be more similar than has often been assumed. The implications of these findings for the delivery of services and for future research efforts in this area were discussed. More intensive assessment of family functioning is needed. Based upon present results, further investigation of the family constellation variable is warranted.

No description available.

The dominant Sandinista party discourse of Nicaragua designates the family as the country’s base social institution, but the prevailing machismo threatens the family’s structure. Men - fathers - leave, either literally as migrant laborers or in the abandonment of their family responsibilities. In order to counteract the men’s socially sanctioned absence, the state deploys a hegemonic expectation of motherhood in the passage of its complete abortion ban, one of the strictest in the world. All forms of abortion, including saving the life of the mother, are banned in Nicaragua and both doctors and women are heavily penalized if an abortion is performed. The denial of this vital health service becomes much more threatening in the context of Nicaragua’s increased maternal mortality and the highest adolescent fertility rate in Latin America. However, this thesis focuses on abortion within the social context of idealized maternity; here, abortion is not simply the removal of a fetus but a rejection of motherhood, a dangerous option to normalize when women are seen as those primarily responsible for the family's well-being. This study draws on seven weeks of fieldwork in early 2016 in Managua, Nicaragua and interviews with sixteen women to advance the argument that the abortion ban is a form of reproductive governance implemented to maintain a hegemony of maternal expectations in order to preserve the family.