The aim of the thesis is to clarify the landlord’s rights and obligations towards the tenant when a case of emergency occurs in the tenant’s apartment. What can a landlord do to get access to the tenant’s apartment when a case of emergency occurs? Will the landlord be liable if he damages any property of the tenant during the time in the apartment? These are some of the questions that we will answer. The problem is guided by two main principles: the landlord’s right of possession of the apartment and also the tenant’s right of use of the same property. The conflict between these two principles and between the interests of the landlord and the tenant is the foundation of this problem. Case of emergencies in an apartment are not regulated in Swedish law. Therefore, we have chosen to do comparisons to other forms of similar situations, which already are regulated in the law. These comparisons are made to see if similar rules can be applicated to cases of emergencies in the tenant’s apartment. In addition to this, we have also used case law, which treats similar situations, to see if the principles from these cases also can be applicated in case of emergencies in the tenant’s apartment. / Uppsatsens syfte är att klargöra hur hyresvärdens rättigheter och skyldigheter gentemot hyresgästen regleras vid en nödsituation i hyresgästens lägenhet. Frågor som vi kommer att försöka svara på är bl a: hur långt får hyresvärden gå när han bereder sig tillträde till hyresgästens lägenhet? Blir han ersättningsskyldig om han skulle skada hyresgästens egendom då en nödsituation föreligger? Problemet är utöver ett obligationsrättsligt, även ett sakrättsligt problem. De sakrättsliga principer som ligger till grund för problemet är äganderätten och nyttjanderätten. I vårt fall kommer dessa till uttryck genom att hyresvärden, som har äganderätten till sin egendom, upplåter nyttjanderätten av sin egendom till hyresgästens förmån. Det här förhållandet mellan hyresvärden och hyresgästen är en av orsakerna till att det uppstår ett problem vid hyresvärdens tillträde till lägenheten vid en nödsituation. Eftersom nödsituationer inte är reglerade i 12 kap. 26 § Jordabalken har vi valt att göra jämförelser med andra typer av situationer som finns reglerade i lagen. Dessa är: mindre brådskande förbättringsarbete och annat arbete, brådskande förbättringsarbete och bekämpning av ohyra i hyresgästens lägenhet. Dessa jämförelser görs för att utreda vilka regler som kan tänkas tillämpas då en nödsituation föreligger. För att uppfylla syftet har vi även tagit hjälp av ett par äldre rättsfall som behandlar områden som har nära anknytning till vårt problem.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of the Witwatersrand, 1994.

A inovação é algo de alta relevância para o crescimento econômico e social do Estado Nacional (Hyytinen & Toivanen, 2005; Schumpeter, 1942). Contudo, seu desenvolvimento é um processo caro e arriscado, uma vez que seu retorno não é garantido (Corder & Salles-Filho, 2006; Hall, 2002). Desta forma, a obtenção de financiamento para inovação pode ser dificultada pelos agentes financeiros tradicionais. Por outro lado, uma vez que o objetivo do Estado é promover ações de interesse público para a promoção do desenvolvimento econômico e social (Muller, 2003), é justificável que o governo promova políticas públicas para induzir a transformação da economia por meio da inovação, implementando ações que minimizem suas dificuldades, especialmente aquelas já citadas. Entretanto, os recursos disponibilizados pelo governo são escassos e, por esse motivo, é beneficiada apenas uma parcela dos projetos inovadores. Para que haja uma alocação mais eficiente de recursos, as agências administradoras de recursos públicos precisam analisar as características do projeto inovador, da empresa e do empreendedor, para identificar aquelas com maior probabilidade de sucesso. Dentre as inúmeras características que podem ser abordadas, esta pesquisa buscou analisar: (i) o Background do Empreendedor; (ii) a Maturidade do Estágio do Produto Inovador; e (iii) o Capital Relacional da Empresa. Com isso, este estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar as relações existentes entre as características da empresa e a concessão de recursos financeiros públicos para inovação. Especificamente, a pesquisa foi aplicada apenas entre empresas incubadas de base tecnológica do Estado de São Paulo e abordou a concessão de recursos pelas principais agências públicas atuantes no Estado, as quais são: Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) e Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE) (SDECTI, 2013). Em termos metodológicos, o estudo se enquadra como um (i) estudo correlacional, uma vez que pretende apresentar a relação entre determinadas variáveis independentes e dependentes; e (ii) quantitativo, uma vez que estabelece hipóteses e classifica a relação entre variáveis por meio da utilização de instrumentos estatísticos (Regressão Logística). A técnica de coleta empregada foi o levantamento (survey), com a utilização de questionários enviados por email e respondidos por uma amostra de 95 empresas. Como resultado principal tem-se que a formação acadêmica, componente do background do empreendedor, tem relação positiva com a concessão de recursos públicos. A principal contribuição do estudo para a literatura acadêmica sobre financiamento da inovação é a aplicação em micro e pequenas empresas, uma vez que os estudos já realizados enfatizaram, em sua maioria, médias e grandes empresas maduras no mercado. / The development of innovation is very important for economic and social growth of the National State (Hyytinen & Toivanen, 2005; Schumpeter, 1942). However, the development of innovation is an expensive and risky process, since your return is not guaranteed (Corder & Salles-Filho, 2006; Hall, 2002). Thereby obtaining financing for innovation may be hampered by traditional financial agents. On the other hand, since the goal of the state is to promote actions in the public interest for promoting economic and social development (Muller, 2003), it is justifiable for the government promotes public policies to induce transformation of the economy through innovation, implementing actions to minimize their difficulties, especially those already mentioned. However, the resources provided by the government are scarce and, therefore, are benefiting only a portion of innovative projects. So there is a more efficient allocation of resources, managers of public resources agencies need to analyze the characteristics of the innovative project, the company and the entrepreneur, to identify those most likely to succeed. Among the many features that can be addressed, this research aims to analyze: (i) Entrepreneur background; (ii) Maturity Stage of Innovative Product; and (iii) Company Relational Capital. Therefore, this study is meant to examine relationships between characteristics of the enterprise and the granting of public funding for innovation. Specifically, the survey was conducted only among incubated technology-based companies of the State of São Paulo and addressed granting of resources by the major public agencies active state, which are: Financier of Studies and Projects (FINEP), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Support Foundation of São Paulo Research (FAPESP), e Brazilian Service of Support for Micro and Small Enterprises (SEBRAE) (SDECTI, 2013). In terms of methodology, this study frames as (i) correlational study, since you intend to show a certain relationship between independent and dependent variables; and (ii) quantitative, since cases down and classifies the relationship between variables by means of using statistical tools (Logistic Regression). The collection technique used was a survey, using questionnaires sent by email and answered by a sample of 95 companies. The main result has been that academic training, the entrepreneurial background of the component, has a positive relationship with the granting of public funds. The main contribution of this study to the consolidation of academic literature on funding for innovation is the application of micro and small businesses, since previous studies emphasize, mostly medium and large mature firms.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-11-01T17:05:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Barra Freitas de Vilhena.pdf: 731814 bytes, checksum: 4883f97995754df3d93040c2862b0c22 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-01T17:05:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Barra Freitas de Vilhena.pdf: 731814 bytes, checksum: 4883f97995754df3d93040c2862b0c22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-14 / This essay seeks to analyse the contracts between entrepreneurs and retailers within the shopping mall. It will address the history of this type of enterprise, as well as the characteristics and aspects that make up its complex structure and differentiate it from other types of enterprises, such as galleries and magazines. Given the peculiarities of the shopping mall contracts, there is a controversy over the legal nature of such contracts. The different doctrinal positions that qualify these contracts as typical, in the frame of the lease, atypical or linked agreements, will be a part of these study, as well as the interpretation which, it is believed, best meets the objectives of the contractors. Likewise, the more specific terms of such contracts will be examined separately, investigating the reason for its existence and the interpretation given by Brazilian Courts of Justice. The study will address the existence of different types of goodwill within the mall, and the consequence of this fact in concluding res sperata contracts, before and after the opening of the shopping mall. The work also has the scope to demonstrate the relevance of the tenant mix to the success of shopping malls and, therefore, seek to explore the importance of the role of the entrepreneur in the project planning and maintenance and constant updating of the tenant mix, in order to attract many customers to a shopping mall, always aiming to increase sales. This work will be finalized with the study of instruments, namely the eviction and denial of renewal of contracts, to be used by the entrepreneur to preserve or improve the tenant mix / Esta dissertação busca analisar os contratos celebrados entre empreendedores e lojistas no âmbito dos shopping centers. Será abordado o histórico desse tipo de empreendimento, bem como as características e aspectos que compõem sua complexa estrutura e o diferenciam de outros tipos de empreendimentos, como galerias e magazines. Dadas as peculiaridades existentes nos contratos de shopping center, existe uma grande controvérsia acerca da natureza jurídica de tais contratos. Serão estudados os diferentes posicionamentos doutrinários que qualificam esses contratos como típicos, na moldura do contrato de locação, atípicos ou coligados, abordando ainda a interpretação que, acredita-se, atenda melhor aos objetivos dos contratantes. Também serão analisadas, separadamente, as cláusulas mais particulares de tais contratos, investigando a razão de sua existência e a interpretação dada pelos tribunais pátrios. Será abordada a existência de diferentes fundos de comércio dentro do shopping center, e a consequência de tal fato na celebração de contratos de res sperata antes e depois da inauguração do empreendimento. O trabalho também tem por escopo demonstrar a relevância do tenant mix para o sucesso dos shopping centers e, para tanto, buscará explorar a importância da atuação do empreendedor no planejamento do empreendimento e na manutenção e constante atualização do tenant mix, de forma a atrair um grande número de frequentadores e potenciais clientes ao shopping, visando sempre o aumento de vendas. Este estudo será finalizado com o levantamento de instrumentos, consistentes na ação de despejo e negativa de renovação dos contratos, a serem utilizados pelo empreendedor para a preservação ou aprimoramento do tenant mix

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Del Picchia de Araujo Nogueira.pdf: 1285752 bytes, checksum: 7d0a33b597b452ba0aa9004447a0ca0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-24 / The present work has as its central theme the lease contract in mall. It aims to define the main aspects related to its contract to remove the doubts raised about its legal structure. It has been applied the deductive method, starting with the general knowledge of mall and lease of things to get one particular about the lease in mall, leading to the conclusion about the legal nature and discipline of the theme herein discussed. This research used, likewise, the method of research bibliographic and argumentative dissertation, based on the works displayed at its end, mainly of the jurists CaioMário da Silva Pereira, Maria Elisa GualandiVerri, Rodrigo Barcellos, LadislauKarpat and SylvioCapanema de Souza. Its analysis has been divided into five chapters. In the first, it exposes an historic overview of mall, with the elucidation of its structure, containing its characteristics. The second traces the historical background of lease, as well as its legislative development in Brazil, and brings the elements and major features of the lease contract. The third chapter describes the legal discipline of the lease contract in malls; the discussion of the legal nature of this contract, in order to place it in lease contracts and describes also the peculiar characteristics of this venture. It also attempts to dodge the Law of Tenancy, of the draft laws aimed to discipline the subject in a specific way and how the subject is treated in foreign law. The fourth chapter deals with rents and other tasks of the tenant. The fifth and final chapter discusses the issue of conflicts arising from this contract, of the civil responsibility under this venture and its relation(or not) with the Consumer Protection Code. To finish it, it came to a conclusion and demonstrated the bibliographic source used / O presente trabalho possui como tema central o contrato de locação em shopping center; almeja definir os principais aspectos referentes ao seu contrato, de modo a sanar as dúvidas suscitadas quanto ao seu enquadramento jurídico. Para tanto, aplicou-se o método dedutivo, partindo do conhecimento geral de shopping centere de locação de coisas para obter um específico acerca do contrato de locação em shopping center, levando à conclusão sobre a natureza jurídica e sobre a disciplina legal do tema ora abordado. Foi utilizado, outrossim, o método de pesquisa bibliográfico dissertativo-argumentativo, com fundamento nas obras indicadas ao seu final, principalmente nas dos juristas Caio Mário da Silva Pereira, Maria Elisa Gualandi Verri, Rodrigo Barcellos, Ladislau Karpat e Sylvio Capanema de Souza. Dividiu-se a sua análise em cinco capítulos. No primeiro, expõe-se uma abordagem histórica de shopping center, com a elucidação de sua estrutura e de suas características. O segundo traça o panorama histórico de locação, bem como a sua evolução legislativa no Brasil, seus elementos e características mais importantes. O terceiro capítulo descreve a disciplina legal de contrato de shopping center; a discussão acerca da sua natureza jurídica, a fim de situá-lo entre os contratos locatícios e também as características peculiares desse empreendimento; trata ainda das tentativas de esquiva da Lei do Inquilinato, dos projetos de lei tendentes a disciplinar a matéria de forma específica e como é tratado o tema no direito estrangeiro. O quarto capítulo aborda os aluguéis e demais incumbências do lojista. O quinto e último capítulo discorre sobre a questão dos conflitos decorrentes desse contrato, sobre a responsabilidade civil no âmbito desse empreendimentoe a sua relação (ou ausência de) com o Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Para finalizá-lo, chegou-se a uma conclusão e demonstrou-se a fonte bibliográfica utilizada

In the first chapter of Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Gilbert Markham invites his reader to join him as he attempts to recall the past. Because Gilbert uses the journal of another to supplement his own memories, the novel's frame narrative structure becomes saturated with complex memory-based issues and problems. Thus, the complicated frame narrative provides fertile ground for exploring the novel through memory. In studying the frame narrative, scholars have typically devoted their criticism to Gilbert and how he shapes the frame. Few scholars afford the other primary narrator of the novel, Helen, any power in shaping that frame. However, both Gilbert's and Helen's narratives exist separately yet function codependently. Using recent studies in memory as well as Derridean and Foucaultian archive theory as a lens, I will explore how Tenant presents an anarchic narrative structure that simultaneously gives its own semblance of power and order without assigning complete narrative power to one person or to one gender.

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / The aim of the study was to carry out an analysis of the factors influencing tenants’ choice of residential property location in Mankweng Township. The study used both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The structured questionnaire, interview and documented literature were used to collect data. The data were analysed using the SPSS statistical package and the Excel spread sheet. To this end, specific working objectives were formulated as follows: to identify the types of residential property in the study area, to determine the factors which influence the choice of residential property location in the study area and lastly, to compare the relationships that exist among the residents in Mankweng Township. The results of the research showed that among all the factors marital status, age, household’s size, race, education and income were not among the factors influencing the choice of residential location in Mankweng Township. However, gender, employment status, distance from city centre, hospital, place of worship, security or police station, water and electricity significantly influenced the choice of residential location choice in Mankweng Township. The study therefore recommends government to be more responsive and active in the provision of urban infrastructure and services in every neighbourhood. This will help address the major reason why tenants search for accommodation from one location to another. In addition, real estate investors should consider the availability of infrastructure before choosing a location for community development. Thus, when urban facilities and services are evenly distributed, this may enhance proper development in the community

The thesis examines the relationship between public health and questions of housing and poverty, in Melbourne, 1888- 1918. It is concerned with the way that with certain groups of people - local council workers, tenants of houses referred to as ‘slums’, and the owners of those houses - represented their experiences. And it seeks to place those representations in the context of the late nineteenth and early twentieth-century concern about the ‘housing problems’. It compares the public rhetoric of the housing reformers and politicians with letters written to the Melbourne City Council by landlords and tenants, and in doing so seeks to show that there were a whole range of housing ‘problems’ not addressed by the public discourse. (For complete abstract open document)

<p>Ombildning från hyresrätt till bostadsrätt är ett fenomen som blivit allt vanligare under de senaste tio åren. Genom att genomföra en ombildning får innehavarna av lägenheten, oftast de forna hyresgästerna, tillgång till en värdefull bostadsrätt, vilken till skillnad från en hyresrätt, kan säljas och köpas öppet på marknaden. Eftersom ombildning har blivit så vanligt i Sverige uppkommer ett intresse, för samtliga inblandade parter, att veta hur de åtgärder, som förekommer vid en ombildning, skall företas. Förr eller senare kommer Sverige att ställas inför en räntehöjning, vilken kommer att få stor ekonomisk betydelse. En räntehöjning kommer nämligen att på sikt ge negativa konsekvenser för många hushåll, eftersom de svenska hushållen lånar pengar i mycket stor utsträckning till sitt boende. En del hushåll kommer exempelvis inte att klara en fördubbling av sin boendekostnad, utan obeståndssituationer kommer att uppstå. Som exempel kan nämnas kreditinstituten, vilka till stor del ”finansierat” ombildningen, dels genom lån till föreningen, dels genom lån till bostadsrättshavaren. Har de sina fordringar, genom pantsättning, sakrättsligt skyddade vid en bostadsrättshavares eventuella obestånd?</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är dels att kartlägga vilka olika åtgärder som företas vid en ombildning av hyresrätt till bostadsrätt, dels att utreda i vilken ordning dessa åtgärder skall företas för att föranleda de rättsverkningar som samtliga inblandade parter vill uppnå. Syftet är även att genomföra en analys av dessa åtgärder för att visa på vilka juridiska problem som kan förekomma vid en ombildning.</p> / <p>Changing rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership is a phenomenon that has become more frequent during the last ten years. By changing rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership, the possessor of the tenancy, normally the tenant, gets access to a valuable tenant-ownership that, unlike a tenancy, can be sold and bought on the open market. Seeing as changing rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership has become a regular happening in Sweden, an interest for all parties involved occurs, an interest in knowing how the actions that are involved should be preformed. Sooner or later Sweden has to face an increasing in rates which will have great economical consequences. These consequences will have negative influences on some of the Swedish households, due to the fact that lots of Swedish households lends a lot of money to be able to buy tenant-ownerships. If their rates double, many people won’t be able to pay their loans, and this will lead to foreclosures. Banks, for example, finances a great part of the changing of rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership, partly by providing loans to private persons and partly by providing loans to condominium associations. Do they have their depths secured if the borrowers face foreclosure?</p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to examine which actions that occurs when you change rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership and in which order these actions should be preformed for the parties involved to accomplish the legal purpose that they want to accomplish. The purpose is also to conduct an analysis of these actions to pinpoint which legal problems that can occur when you change rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership.</p>

Ombildning från hyresrätt till bostadsrätt är ett fenomen som blivit allt vanligare under de senaste tio åren. Genom att genomföra en ombildning får innehavarna av lägenheten, oftast de forna hyresgästerna, tillgång till en värdefull bostadsrätt, vilken till skillnad från en hyresrätt, kan säljas och köpas öppet på marknaden. Eftersom ombildning har blivit så vanligt i Sverige uppkommer ett intresse, för samtliga inblandade parter, att veta hur de åtgärder, som förekommer vid en ombildning, skall företas. Förr eller senare kommer Sverige att ställas inför en räntehöjning, vilken kommer att få stor ekonomisk betydelse. En räntehöjning kommer nämligen att på sikt ge negativa konsekvenser för många hushåll, eftersom de svenska hushållen lånar pengar i mycket stor utsträckning till sitt boende. En del hushåll kommer exempelvis inte att klara en fördubbling av sin boendekostnad, utan obeståndssituationer kommer att uppstå. Som exempel kan nämnas kreditinstituten, vilka till stor del ”finansierat” ombildningen, dels genom lån till föreningen, dels genom lån till bostadsrättshavaren. Har de sina fordringar, genom pantsättning, sakrättsligt skyddade vid en bostadsrättshavares eventuella obestånd? Syftet med uppsatsen är dels att kartlägga vilka olika åtgärder som företas vid en ombildning av hyresrätt till bostadsrätt, dels att utreda i vilken ordning dessa åtgärder skall företas för att föranleda de rättsverkningar som samtliga inblandade parter vill uppnå. Syftet är även att genomföra en analys av dessa åtgärder för att visa på vilka juridiska problem som kan förekomma vid en ombildning. / Changing rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership is a phenomenon that has become more frequent during the last ten years. By changing rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership, the possessor of the tenancy, normally the tenant, gets access to a valuable tenant-ownership that, unlike a tenancy, can be sold and bought on the open market. Seeing as changing rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership has become a regular happening in Sweden, an interest for all parties involved occurs, an interest in knowing how the actions that are involved should be preformed. Sooner or later Sweden has to face an increasing in rates which will have great economical consequences. These consequences will have negative influences on some of the Swedish households, due to the fact that lots of Swedish households lends a lot of money to be able to buy tenant-ownerships. If their rates double, many people won’t be able to pay their loans, and this will lead to foreclosures. Banks, for example, finances a great part of the changing of rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership, partly by providing loans to private persons and partly by providing loans to condominium associations. Do they have their depths secured if the borrowers face foreclosure? The purpose of this thesis is to examine which actions that occurs when you change rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership and in which order these actions should be preformed for the parties involved to accomplish the legal purpose that they want to accomplish. The purpose is also to conduct an analysis of these actions to pinpoint which legal problems that can occur when you change rights of tenancy to rights of tenant-ownership.