Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:25:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000841833_20170417.pdf: 281313 bytes, checksum: 8f2aa9fdfa5ffa94e65eb440978fe805 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-04-17T13:37:16Z: 000841833_20170417.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-04-17T13:38:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000841833.pdf: 2174199 bytes, checksum: 085bf6e5fb3ed50c4ce7758cc704e700 (MD5) / Terminalia catappa Linn. pertence à Família Combretaceae e é comumente chamada amendoeira-da-praia ou chapéu de sol. A família Combretaceae reúne numerosas espécies que têm sido estudadas por seu uso pela população para fins medicinais. É originária da Malásia, mas, muitas vezes, cultivada e muito característica da costa brasileira. A partir do extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas, foram detectados como constituintes principais a substância majoritária punicalagina (anômeros α e β), o composto punicalina, ácido galágico e ácido elágico. Identificouse, também, as substâncias 1,2,3-Tri-O-galoil-β-D-glicose e possíveis isômeros, 1,6- Di-O-galoil-β-D-glicose, HHDP-acetilglicosídeo, HHDP-hexosídeo, ácido elágico hexosídeo, ácido galágico e apigenina 8-C-(2'-galoil)-β-D-glicopiranosil. Estes metabolitos foram confirmados por experimentos FIA-ESI-IT-MSn (Direct Flow Analysis-Electrospray ionization-Íon Trap-Tandem Mass Spectrometry) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) acoplada a arranjo de fotodiodos (PDA). Ácido elágico, ácido gálico e galato de metila foram confirmados por experimentos de co-injecção de padrão. Punicalagina foi detectada e isolada da fração hidrometanólica como uma mistura de anômeros e confirmada por experimentos de RMN 1H e 13C, mono e bidimensionais. O fracionamento da fração acetato proveniente do extrato hidroalcoólico por MPLC (Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography) permitiu o isolamento dos metabólitos ácido galágico e apigenina 8-C-(2'-galoil)-β-D-glicopiranosil. A configuração absoluta dos anômeros da punicalagina e do composto apigenina 8-C-(2'-galoil)-β-D-glicopiranosideo foi estabelecida por experimentos de dicroísmo circular (DC). A determinação quantitativa dos principais metabolitos secundários foi realizada por HPLC-PDA, possibilitando, assim, a determinação da concentração e teor (%) de... / Terminalia catappa Linn. belongs to Combretaceae family and is commonly called almond-the-beach or sun hat.The Combretaceae family gathers numerous species that has been studied for its use by the population for medicinal purposes. It is from Malaysia, but often cultivated and very characteristic of the Brazilian coast. From the alcoholic extract of the leaves were detected as main constituents the major substance punicalagin (α and β anomers), the punicalin compound, gallagic acid and ellagic acid. It was identified as well, the 1,2,3-Tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose substances, and possible isomers, 1,6-Di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, HHDP acetilglicoside, HHDPhesoside, ellagic acid hexoside, gallagic acid and apigenin 8-C (2 '-galloyl)-β-Dglucopyranosyl. These metabolites were confirmed by FIA-ESI-IT-MSn experiments (Direct Flow Analysis Electrospray ionization-Ion-Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array (PDA). Ellagic acid, gallic acid and methyl gallate were confirmed by standard coinjection experiments. Punicalagin was detected and isolated from the hydromethanol fraction as a mixture of anomers experiments and confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, mono- and bi-dimensional. The ethyl acetate fraction from fractionation of the hydroalcoholic extract by MPLC (Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography) allowed the isolation of galágico acid metabolites and 8 apigenin-C (2'- galloyl) -β-Dglucopyranosyl. The absolute configuration of anomers of the compound of punicalagin and apigenin 8-C (2'-galloyl) -β-D- glucopyranosyl was established by experiments circular dichroism (CD). Quantitative determination of the main secondary metabolites was performed by HPLC-PDA, thus allowing the determination of concentration and content (%) of metabolites present in the alcoholic extract. They were first quantified in hydroalcoholic extract of this species, the...

Orientador: Lourdes Campaner dos Santos / Banca: Luciana Polese / Banca: Clélia Akiko Hiruma Lima / Banca: Daniel Rinaldo / Banca: Marcelo Aparecido da Silva / Resumo: Terminalia catappa Linn. pertence à Família Combretaceae e é comumente chamada amendoeira-da-praia ou chapéu de sol. A família Combretaceae reúne numerosas espécies que têm sido estudadas por seu uso pela população para fins medicinais. É originária da Malásia, mas, muitas vezes, cultivada e muito característica da costa brasileira. A partir do extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas, foram detectados como constituintes principais a substância majoritária punicalagina (anômeros α e β), o composto punicalina, ácido galágico e ácido elágico. Identificouse, também, as substâncias 1,2,3-Tri-O-galoil-β-D-glicose e possíveis isômeros, 1,6- Di-O-galoil-β-D-glicose, HHDP-acetilglicosídeo, HHDP-hexosídeo, ácido elágico hexosídeo, ácido galágico e apigenina 8-C-(2'-galoil)-β-D-glicopiranosil. Estes metabolitos foram confirmados por experimentos FIA-ESI-IT-MSn (Direct Flow Analysis-Electrospray ionization-Íon Trap-Tandem Mass Spectrometry) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) acoplada a arranjo de fotodiodos (PDA). Ácido elágico, ácido gálico e galato de metila foram confirmados por experimentos de co-injecção de padrão. Punicalagina foi detectada e isolada da fração hidrometanólica como uma mistura de anômeros e confirmada por experimentos de RMN 1H e 13C, mono e bidimensionais. O fracionamento da fração acetato proveniente do extrato hidroalcoólico por MPLC (Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography) permitiu o isolamento dos metabólitos ácido galágico e apigenina 8-C-(2'-galoil)-β-D-glicopiranosil. A configuração absoluta dos anômeros da punicalagina e do composto apigenina 8-C-(2'-galoil)-β-D-glicopiranosideo foi estabelecida por experimentos de dicroísmo circular (DC). A determinação quantitativa dos principais metabolitos secundários foi realizada por HPLC-PDA, possibilitando, assim, a determinação da concentração e teor (%) de... / Abstract: Terminalia catappa Linn. belongs to Combretaceae family and is commonly called almond-the-beach or sun hat.The Combretaceae family gathers numerous species that has been studied for its use by the population for medicinal purposes. It is from Malaysia, but often cultivated and very characteristic of the Brazilian coast. From the alcoholic extract of the leaves were detected as main constituents the major substance punicalagin (α and β anomers), the punicalin compound, gallagic acid and ellagic acid. It was identified as well, the 1,2,3-Tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose substances, and possible isomers, 1,6-Di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, HHDP acetilglicoside, HHDPhesoside, ellagic acid hexoside, gallagic acid and apigenin 8-C (2 '-galloyl)-β-Dglucopyranosyl. These metabolites were confirmed by FIA-ESI-IT-MSn experiments (Direct Flow Analysis Electrospray ionization-Ion-Trap Tandem Mass Spectrometry) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array (PDA). Ellagic acid, gallic acid and methyl gallate were confirmed by standard coinjection experiments. Punicalagin was detected and isolated from the hydromethanol fraction as a mixture of anomers experiments and confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, mono- and bi-dimensional. The ethyl acetate fraction from fractionation of the hydroalcoholic extract by MPLC (Medium Pressure Liquid Chromatography) allowed the isolation of galágico acid metabolites and 8 apigenin-C (2'- galloyl) -β-Dglucopyranosyl. The absolute configuration of anomers of the compound of punicalagin and apigenin 8-C (2'-galloyl) -β-D- glucopyranosyl was established by experiments circular dichroism (CD). Quantitative determination of the main secondary metabolites was performed by HPLC-PDA, thus allowing the determination of concentration and content (%) of metabolites present in the alcoholic extract. They were first quantified in hydroalcoholic extract of this species, the... / Doutor

Terminalia superba Engler & Diels (Combretaceae) est utilisée en médecine traditionnelle au Cameroun pour les soins d'hypertension artérielle (HTA). L'objectif du travail de cette thèse a été d'apporter des bases scientifiques à son utilisation traditionnelle. Nous avons évalué les effets d'un extrait aqueux de T. superba chez des rats normaux ou soumis à deux modèles d'HTA secondaire : l'HTA induite par le glucose et l'HTA induite par l'éthanol. L'extrait aqueux exerce un effet hypotenseur, antihypertenseur et antioxydant. Quatre extraits de T. superba : l'extrait aqueux (AQU), au méthanol (MET), au chlorure de méthylène (MC) et au méthanol/chlorure de méthylène (MCM) ont des effets vasodilatateurs les anneaux aortiques isolés de rat, dénués ou non d'endothélium vasculaire et contractés à la phénylephrine ou au chlorure de potassium. L'extrait MC est le plus actif et réduit les flux calciques. L'extrait MC a exercé un effet anti-hypertenseur chez le rat spontanément hypertendu, une diminution du stress oxydatif, une amélioration de la fonction endothéliale. Il n'a affecté ni la diurèse, ni l'activité des cytochromes P450 3A hépatiques. Les extraits AQU et au MC se sont révélés faiblement toxiques, avec des DLso respectivement supérieures à 5000 mg/kg et 2000 mg/kg. L'extrait MC aux doses de 300 et de 600 mg/kg a révélé des zones de congestion vasculaires et d'inflammations réversibles après arrêt du traitement. Ce travail a validé sur le plan pharmacologique l'utilisation de T. superba comme traitement alternatif à l'HTA. Il sera question d'identifier les composés purs à l'origine de l'activité cardio-vasculaire de la plante, et à poursuivre les études toxicologiques. / Terminalia superba Engler & Diels (Combretaceae) is used in cameroonian traditional medicine for thé treatment of hypertension (HT). The aim of this thesis was to provide scientifical of it traditional use. We evaluated thé effects of an aqueous extract (AQUE) of T. superba in normal rats or in glucose or ethanol induced hypertensive rats. The AQUE had an hypotensive, antihypertensive and antioxydative effect. Four extracts of T. superba: aqueous (AQU), méthanol (MET), méthylène chloride (MC) and methanol/methylene chloride (MCM) extracts showed vasorelaxant effects on rat aortic rings endothelium stripped or not, contracted with phénylephrine or potassium chloride. The MC extract was thé most potent. It reduced thé calcium fluxes in vascular smooth muscle cells. The MC extract had an antihypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rat, associated with a decreased in oxidative stress assessed by measuring thé rate of urine 8-iso-PGF2a and reduced endothelial dysfunction. This extract did not affect diuresis, or thé activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A. The AQU and MC extracts appeared slightly toxic, with LDso respectively greater than 5000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. The MC extract at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg induced areas of vascular congestion and inflammation réversible after discontinuation. In conclusion, our study validâtes thé pharmacological traditional use of T. superba as a treatment for hypertension. The prospects of this work will aim at identifying thé pure compounds that cause thé cardiovascular activity of this plant, and further toxicological studies to ensure their safety.

Due to the oil crisis, the ethanol industry has developed rapidly in recent years to deal with the depletion of fossil fuels. Ethanol from renewable raw materials (bioethanol) has been of great interest in recent decades as an alternative fuel. There, this paper aims to study the acid pretreatment of Terminalia catappa Linn fruit for a second generation ethanol. The methodology of the studied variables of interest were the concentration of sulfuric acid (2.5% and 5%), the concentration of biomass (waste 5g / 100 ml of acid solution) and heating time (15 min to 30 min) at temperatures ranging from 111º C to 120º C, organized in a 23 factorial design with three replications samples. In the ethanolic fermentation, the pretreatment sample solution and the mineral Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast were utilized having ethanol concentration and fermentation efficiency as main responses. The increased fermentation efficiency was given for the test that had the highest acid concentration (5.0%), time (30 minutes) and temperature (120 ° C) as well as the the highest amount of ethanol. The produced ethanol content was 14, 27 g / L and had a fermentation efficiency of 59%. The Ethanol production has compatible values with the ones found in the literature, so, the study group of this acid pre-treatment of the fruit of Terminalia catappa Linn, for a second generation ethanol production proved to be promising. / Devido à crise do petróleo, a indústria de etanol desenvolveu-se rapidamente nos últimos anos para lidar com o esgotamento dos combustíveis fósseis e o etanol a partir de matérias-primas renováveis (bioetanol) têm sido de grande interesse nas últimas décadas como um combustível alternativo. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o pré-tratamento ácido do fruto da Terminalia catappa Linn para produção de etanol de segunda geração. Na metodologia utilizada as variáveis de interesse estudadas foram a concentração de ácido sulfúrico (2,5% e 5%), a concentração de biomassa (5g de resíduo/100 mL de solução ácida) e tempo de aquecimento (15 min a 30 min), em temperaturas variando de 111º C a 120º C, organizando-se num planejamento fatorial 23 com três repetições de amostras. Na fermentação etanólica, empregou-se a amostra pré-tratada, solução mineral e a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, tendo como principais respostas a concentração de etanol e a eficiência da fermentação. A maior eficiência fermentativa se deu para o ensaio que possui maior concentração de ácido (5,0%), tempo (30min) e temperatura (120ºC), assim como se obteve, também, a maior quantidade de etanol. O teor de etanol produzido foi de 14,27 g/L e a eficiência fermentativa de 59%. A produção de etanol teve valores compatíveis com a literatura, sendo assim, este pré-tratamento ácido do fruto da Terminalia catappa Linn para produção de etanol de segunda geração, na faixa estudada, mostra ser promissor

Terminalia glabrata et Rauvolfia nukuhivensis sont deux espèces végétales polynésiennes endémiques et menacées d’extinction. T. glabrata cohabite avec T. catappa, commune du Pacifique, ce qui contribuerait à sa vulnérabilité par interfertilité. R. nukuhivensis souffre de problèmes de régénération en raison de stress climatiques, de prédation et d’exploitation anthropique. Des approches de génétique et de chimie ont été developpées afin d’étudier ces deux espèces. Pour T. glabrata, les résultats de « barcoding » ont permis d’établir une très forte proximité génétique avec T. catappa. L’analyse métabolomique a révélé une forte variabilité intraspécifique. Les études génétiques de R. nukuhivensis ont permis de relier des espèces distinctes et d’origines géographiques différentes. Elles ont aussi démontré la présence d’un seul groupe de Rauvolfia dont les individus proviennent des îles de Nuku Hiva et de Ua Huka. Ces travaux ont permis d’établir des relations entre les diversités génétiques et chimiques. L’étude des métabolites secondaires de l’écorce de R. nukuhivensis et de la préparation médicinale a permis d’identifier 13 composés, appartenant à 4 familles chimiques (ajmalanes, sarpaganes, macrolines et  carbolines). 8 de ces composés sont nouvellement identifiés dans la nature et une hypothèse de biosynthèse inédite permettant d’expliquer leur co occurrence chez R. nukuhivensis a été établie. Enfin, ces produits ont été soumis à des tests d’activité pharmacologique. La préparation médicinale a stimulé la prolifération cellulaire et la cicatrisation (tissus FHN). Ces tests ont aussi montré la forte inhibition des canaux ioniques Kv11.1 par les nukuhivensiums. / Terminalia glabrata and Rauvolfia nukuhivensis are endangered Polynesian plant species and endemic. T. glabrata co-exists with a common species from the Pacific T. catappa, thus contributing to its vulnerability by interfertility. R nukuhivensis endures regeneration issues due to climate stress, predation and overexploitation. Hence, these species have been classified as protected species by the authorities and are subjected to conservation plans. Because of their heritage value and their traditional uses, they represent species of cultural importance for the country. Genetics and chemistry approaches were conducted for this study. Concerning T. glabrata, barcoding assays established great similarity with T. catappa. Metabolomics data showed infraspecific variability. Phylogenetic data of Rauvolfia species are consistent with their biogeography, and revealed the existence of an only group of individuals from Nuku Hiva and Ua Huka. Genetic diversity is linked to phytochemical occurence. Investigation of R. nukuhivensis bark metabolites and the traditional remedy led to identification of 13 isolated compounds within 8 new ones, belonging to the ajmalan, sarpagan, macroline and β-carboline skeleton. The co-occurrence of these alkaloid skeletons led to establish an unprecedented biosynthesis route. Finally, isolated compounds and the traditional remedy were submitted to bioassays. The traditional remedy induced cell proliferation and wound healing activities on FHN cells and ion channels Kv11.1 were strongly inhibited by

MSc (Botany) / Department of Botany / See the attached abstract below

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-06-21T12:55:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4313605 bytes, checksum: edb0f819c041917885291efd9ed6923a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-21T12:55:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4313605 bytes, checksum: edb0f819c041917885291efd9ed6923a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-02 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Terminalia catappa linn also known as castanets is belonging to the family of combretaceae and is found throughout the Brazilian coast. Although it is not a native species, it has ease germination and high resistance to salinity that lead it to become invasive. The fruits of castanets collected around UFPB campus showed almonds rich in oil with yield around 26% obtained by mechanical extraction. The triacylglycerides in the oil have showed a direct influence in the physical and chemical properties as acid value, iodine, peroxide, specific gravity and viscosity rheological factor. The results of these analyzes proved that the samples were in good condition of conservation. Furthermore, the results obtained from analytical thermogravimetry technics showed good thermooxidative stability to decomposition of the samples. The gas chromatography analysis coupled with mass spectrometer suggested that the palmitate, elaidate, linoleate and stearate as major methyl esters constituents of the triacylglycerides responsible for the evaluated properties.These esters were confirmed by the most important spectroscopic techniques to discuss structural elucidation of organic molecules such as FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, COSY and HSQC. / A Terminália catappa linn também conhecida como castanhola, pertencente à família das combretaceae, é encontrada em todo litoral brasileiro. Apesar de não ser uma espécie nativa, sua facilidade em germinar e alta resistência à salinidade, tornou-a invasiva. Os frutos coletados desta espécie nas imediações da UFPB, apresentam amêndoas ricas em óleo e o rendimento obtido por extração mecânica foi em torno de 26 %. Os triacilglicerídeos que o compõe influenciam diretamente nos parâmetros físico e químicos avaliados como índice de acidez, iodo, peróxido, massa especifica e o fator reológico viscosidade. Estas análises comprovam que a amostra estudada apresentou bom estado de conservação. Este resultado foi corroborado com as técnicas analíticas de termogravimetria e através da oxidação acelerada por fluxo de calor, evidenciando que a amostra em estudo apresenta boa estabilidade em relação à decomposição termo-oxidativas. A análise em cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas sugere os ésteres metílicos majoritários palmitato, elaidato, linoleato e estearato como constituintes dos triacilglicerídeos responsáveis pelas propriedades avaliadas. Estes foram confirmados por técnicas espectroscópicas como infravermelho, RMN 1H, RMN 13C, COSY e HSQC que são as mais importantes quando se discute sobre elucidação estruturais de moléculas orgânicas.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-26T19:42:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeHiromiUchida_DISSERT.pdf: 2246882 bytes, checksum: 2d32d23410d1769a404aaae1487d77b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-29T17:54:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeHiromiUchida_DISSERT.pdf: 2246882 bytes, checksum: 2d32d23410d1769a404aaae1487d77b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T17:54:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivianeHiromiUchida_DISSERT.pdf: 2246882 bytes, checksum: 2d32d23410d1769a404aaae1487d77b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A Terminalia catappa Linn pertencente ? fam?lia Combretaceae, popularmente conhecida como castanhola, possui frutos constitu?dos por uma polpa carnosa, semente arredondada e uma casca muito dura. A pigmenta??o natural existentes no fruto da castanhola indica a presen?a de antocianinas, componentes de natureza fen?lica pertencentes ao grupo dos flavon?ides, que apresentam atividade antioxidante. A presente pesquisa foi realizada com a castanhola e teve como principal objetivo o estudo de fatores que influenciam a extra??o de corantes a partir de sua polpa. Os extratos foram obtidos utilizando-se um reator enjaquetado por extra??o s?lido l?quido. Os fatores avaliados foram a temperatura, o tempo, a propor??o do solvente e o pH de extra??o. Adotando-se um planejamento fatorial de 24 , com 4 repeti??es no ponto central, os efeitos destes fatores sobre o processo de extra??o foram analisados utilizando-se o software Statistica 7.0. A atividade antioxidante (AA), o teor de compostos fen?licos totais (CFT) e o teor de antocianinas monom?ricas totais (AMT) foram avaliadas como vari?veis resposta do planejamento. Na an?lise estat?stica dos resultados, os efeitos que mais influenciaram a extra??o foram diferentes para cada uma das respostas (CFT, AMT e AA). No entanto o pH se mostrou significativo para a extra??o de todos os compostos. O comportamento cin?tico da extra??o do corante tamb?m foi estudado para os compostos fen?licos totais, antocianinas monom?ricas e atividade antioxidante, em que o equil?brio foi atingido ap?s os 90 minutos de extra??o. No estudo da estabilidade das antocianinas a temperatura foi o fator que mais influenciou na estabilidade, contudo a concentra??o e o pH tamb?m tiveram influ?ncia / The Terminalia catappa Linn belonging to Combretaceae family, popularly known as castanets, has fruits consists of a fleshy pulp, rounded seed and a very hard shell. The natural pigmentation existing in the fruit of castanet indicates the presence of anthocyanins, phenolic nature components belonging to the group of flavonoids, which have antioxidant activity. This research was conducted with the castanets and aimed to the study of factors influencing the extraction of dyes from its pulp. The extracts were obtained using a reactor enjaquetado by solid-liquid extraction. The factors were evaluated as temperature, time, solvent ratio and pH extraction. Adopting a factorial design of 24 , with 4 repetitions at the central point, the effects of these factors on the extraction process were analyzed using Statistica 7.0 software. The antioxidant activity (AA), the content of phenolic compounds (CFT) and the total monomeric anthocyanin content (AMT) were evaluated as response variables planning. Statistical analysis of the results, the effects that influenced the extraction were different for each response (CFT, AMT and AA). However, the pH was significant for the extraction of all compounds. The kinetic behavior of the dye extraction was also studied for phenolic compounds, monomeric anthocyanins and antioxidant activity, in which the equilibrium was reached after 90 minutes of extraction. To study the stability of anthocyanins temperature was the factor that most influenced the stability, however the concentration and pH also played a part.

A atual e a próxima década serão identificadas no tempo como fórum das mais relevantes preocupações com a qualidade ambiental do planeta. Temas como aquecimento global e a eminente perda da quantidade e qualidade da água são discutidos constantemente. Um outro problema ambiental mais específico tem preocupado especialistas no mundo todo, incluindo o Brasil. Trata-se da disseminação em grande escala de espécies exóticas. O tema tem sido tratado no meio científico e acadêmico como invasões biológicas e não se restringe somente às plantas.O estudo aqui apresentado trata de uma espécie arbórea com grande disseminação no país e utilizada em áreas urbanas e faixas de praia devido à sombra proporcionada na época do verão. A ocorrência do chapéu-de-sol em unidades de conservação de proteção integral pode representar uma ameaça às espécies autóctones pela ocupação do espaço. A identificação com metodologia científica das características germinativas e sucesso reprodutivo foram a forma de avaliar o grau de ameaça que a espécie representa para o ambiente de restinga.Assim, esse estudo teve o objetivo de determinar o potencial de contaminação biológica do chapéu-de-sol (Terminalia catappa L.) através da análise do índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), tempo médio de germinação, velocidade média de germinação, freqüência germinativa, germinabilidade (G%) e análise da taxa de sobrevivência e de transição de plântulas, jovens e adultos. Os resultados indicam que as sementes da espécie podem germinar em ampla faixa de temperatura, principalmente, se estiver a pleno sol. Frutos despolpados apresentaram maior velocidade e taxa de germinação.Plântulas apresentaram elevada taxa de mortalidade comparada aos indivíduos jovens e adultos. Concluiu-se que a espécie precisa ser retirada da área de restinga, pois, apesar de ser considerada estabelecida, em condições favoráveis ela se desenvolverá ocupando o nicho de outras espécies locais. / Current and the next decade they will be identified in the time as group of the most excellent concerns with the ambient quality of the planet. Subjects as global heating and the eminent loss of the amount and quality of the water are argued constantly. A more specific ambient problem has worried specialists in the world all, including Brazil. One is about the large-scale dissemination of exotic species. The subject has been treated in the half academic as biological invasions and it is not only restricted to the plants. The study presented here it at the time deals with a trees species with great dissemination in the country and used in urban areas and beach bands due to proportionate shade of the summer. The occurrence of the singapure almond in protect areas of integral protection can represent a threat to the species for the occupation of the space. The identification with scientific methodology of the germination characteristics and reproductive success had been the form to evaluate the threat degree that the species represents for the environment of restinga. Thus, this study it had the objective to determine the potential of biological contamination of the singapure almond (Terminalia catappa L.) through the analysis of the index of germination speed (IVG), average time of germination, average speed of germination, frequency of germination, germinability (G%) and analysis of the tax of survival and transistion of seedly, young and adults. The results indicate that the seeds of the species can germinate in ample band of temperature, mainly, will be the full sun. Pulped fruits had presented greater speed and tax of germination. Seedly had presented high tax of comparative mortality to adult and youngs. The necessary species was concluded that to be removed of the area of restinga, therefore, although to be considered established, in favorable conditions it will develop itself occupying the niche of other local species.

En Afrique, la valorisation des pharmacopées traditionnelles constitue bien souvent un moyen d'orienter la recherche vers de nouveaux antipaludéens. Les plantes médicinales antipaludiques peuvent servir de base à la formulation de Médicaments Traditionnels Améliorés (MTA) ou être source de nouvelles molécules antiplasmodiales. Sur la base d'une recherche bibliographique exhaustive, 10 plantes médicinales largement utilisées au Mali dans le traitement du paludisme et des affections hépatiques (ictères) ont été sélectionnées par une approche d'ethnopharmacologie quantitative et évaluées in vitro sur Plasmodium falciparum FcB1, conduisant à la sélection de Terminalia macroptera (Feuilles et Racines). Terminalia macroptera est une espèce largement utilisée au Mali contre le paludisme, la fièvre, les affections hépatiques (ictères) et la plaie. Dans le contexte de mise sur le marché d'un MTA, une monographie botanique a été réalisée sur ces organes de plante afin de définir les normes pharmacopées de la poudre de feuilles et de racines permettant d'éviter les falsifications. Une étude toxicologique in vivo et une étude pharmacologique in vivo (activités antiplasmodiales, antipyrétiques, antalgiques, antiinflammatoires et hépatoprotectrice) ont été réalisées. L'extrait éthanolique des feuilles et des racines ont démontré des propriétés antiplasmodiales in vivo sur des modèles murins de paludisme simple et paludisme sévère des propriétés antipyrétiques, antalgiques, antiinflammatoires et hépatoprotectrices sur modèles murins d'hyperthermie, d'algie, d'inflammation et d'hépatotoxicité, respectivement. Un fractionnement bio-guidé, et une méthode de déréplication ont été réalisés sur les extraits actifs afin d'établir leur profil chimique. Ces résultats vont dans le sens de la validation de l'utilisation traditionnelle de Terminalia macroptera dans le traitement du paludisme et des affections hépatiques, et peuvent servir de base pour l'élaboration d'un médicament traditionnel amélioré au Mali. / In Africa, the promotion of traditional pharmacopoeias is often a means of directing research towards new antimalarial drugs. Anti-malarial medicinal plants can be used as a basis for the formulation of improved traditional medicine (médicament traditionnel amélioré, MTA) or as a source of new antiplasmodial molecules. Based on a comprehensive literature search, 10 medicinal plants widely used in Mali for the treatment of malaria and liver disease (jaundice) were selected by a quantitative ethnopharmacology approach and evaluated in vitro on Plasmodium falciparum FcB1, leading to the selection of Terminalia macroptera (leaves and roots). Terminalia macroptera is a species widely used in Mali against malaria, fever, liver diseases (jaundice) and wound. In the context of the marketing of a Terminalia macroptera based MTA, a botanical monography has been carried out on previously cited plant organs in order to define pharmacopoeia standards for leaf and root powder in order to avoid falsification. An in vivo toxicological study and a pharmacological study in vivo (antiplasmodial, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities) were carried out. Ethanolic extract from leaves and roots demonstrated antiplasmodial properties in vivo on mouse models of simple malaria and severe malaria, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties on mouse models. A bioguided fractionation and a dereplication method were carried out on the active extracts in order to establish their chemical profile. These results support the validation of the traditional use of Terminalia macroptera in the treatment of malaria and liver disease, and may serve as a basis for the development of an improved traditional medicine in Mali.