There are described resources, information obtain proceeding, extent and research methods in the first part of the thesis. The fourth chapter, Elemental literary summary, explains basic terms of marketing and public relations. Next part of this charter, deals with description the classification of wines according to different criteria, and explain the differences between the Germanic and Romanic system of labeling wines. It is also explained how the Czech Republic classifies wine as VOC, what are the conditions for its production and what should this sign guarantee. Definitely is not missing a description of VOC Modré Hory and Voc Pálava. In the chapter Trends at the wine market in Czech Republic, we executed an exploration of wine market and marketing surrounding brand analysis. The Communication policy and communications environment chapter describes a role of wine in a society and separates a consumers to the particular segments accoriding to the object groups. The Marketing and terroir chapter explains an acceptance of a role of terroir on the global market and what´s the VOC contribution. How to pass the terroir heritage to the consumer; if a terroir use as an instrument of a tourism, opportunity to emplace just this wine to the plane boards or if use an importance of biodiversity within the framework of marketing terroir message. The Marketing strategy chapter describes an acquisition of clients through the social media, further a potentialities wine investments and the social networks in touch of wine. The fifth chapter summarizes a results of this thesis. Evaluates a gained data and interprets a results of the consumer questionnaire and producer questionnaire. Tha last part of fifth chapter is a verification of defined hypothesis.

At the beginning of the 1990s, the Argentine wine industry experienced a shift from quantity to quality production which occurred while economic policies in Argentina opened economic opportunities for investment in the country. With these new opportunities, the industry began to focus on producing quality wine because of the desire to export and compete in the international market. As foreign investment entered Mendoza, the heart of Argentine wine country, new ideas and knowledge about wine production began to disseminate into the region and everyday practices. The shift from quantity to quality production was a paradigm shift in that it ushered in a new way of understanding quality in relation to the land, resulted in the younger generation of winemakers excelling in the region, and ultimately led to a new way of viewing production practices and techniques entirely separate from the previous century of production. This project asks: to what extent did this shift impact the implementation and regulation of geographic indications in Mendoza? It seeks to understand the impact that terroir-driven wine production imparted on Argentine winemakers to illuminate the resilience and perseverance of a growing wine center in the Global South.

L'Algérie fait partie des principaux pays méditerranéens dont le climat est des plus propices à la culture de l'olivier. Concentré dans les montagnes, en Kabylie, l'huile d'olive est représentative de toutes les productions de terroir qui souffrent surtout d'un manque avéré d'organisation professionnelle. Le besoin de redynamiser la filière oléicole en Algérie est ainsi devenu une nécessité majeure. De ce fait, l'objectif de notre recherche est, d'identifier les acteurs impliqués dans le processus de production, de transformation (Maâsras) et de commercialisation de l'huile d'olive, au niveau de notre région d'étude. Notre travail de recherche vise aussi à analyser les dispositifs institutionnels et les relations formelles ou informelles de la filière afin d'en évaluer les contraintes qui entravent la valorisation de ce produit de terroir. Et s'interroger ensuite sur l'introduction du changement institutionnel pour corriger ou voire améliorer le niveau de performances et la durabilité de la filière. Notre application empirique à la commune de Beni Maouche, en Kabylie, a démontré que le devenir de l'huile d'olive de cette région, dépend de la capacité d'implication des acteurs locaux et de l'appui institutionnel dans le maintien du lien à l'origine et la confiance qui rime avec la proximité. / Algeria is one of the main Mediterranean countries where the climate is more conducive to the cultivation of olive trees. Concentrated in the mountains of Kabylie, olive oil represents all the land productions that suffer most from the lack of proven professional organization. The need to revitalize the olive oil sector in Algeria has become a major necessity. Therefore, the objective of our research is to identify the actors involved in the processes of production, transformation (Maâsras) and olive oil marketing with in our study area. Our research also aims at analyzing the institutional arrangements as well as formal or informal relations in the sector, in order to assess the constraints that hamper the valorization of this local product, and then question the introduction of institutional change to correct or improve the level of performance and sustainability of the sector. Our empirical application to the town of Beni Maouche in Kabylia, has demonstrated that the future of the olive-oil, from this region depends on the local actor's capacity to be involved and on the institutional support in maintaining the source link and trust together with maintaining proximity.

L'objectif général de cette thèse était d'isoler et d'identifier de nouvelles souches de levures ayant une activité antagoniste contre des pathogènes alimentaires tel que Listeria sp. à partir des produits laitiers du terroir québécois. L'utilisation potentielle de ces souches comme agent naturel pour la biopréservation des aliments a également été explorée. Au total, 95 levures isolées de lait et de fromage du terroir québécois ont été criblés pour leur activité inhibitrice notamment contre Listeria monocytoenes. Parmi celles-ci, quatre levures, à savoir Candida tropicalis LMA-693, Debaryomyces hansenii LMA-916, Pichia fermentans LMA-256 et Wickerhamomyces anomalus LMA-827 ont montré une activité inhibitrice liée à la production de substances extracellulaires hydrophobes facilement extraites à partir du surnageant de culture. Les extraits concentrés réalisés à partir de surnageant de ces souches ont montré une forte inhibition contre Listeria ivanovii HPB28 avec des réductions de compte microbiens de 97, 92, 84 et 78 % pour les souches LMA-693, LMA-916, LMA-256 et LMA-827, respectivement. Des essais visant à purifier et à caractériser des peptides antilisteria produits par W. anomalus LMA-827 ont été effectués à partir des surnageants de culture. Deux pics HPLC ayant démontré une inhibition significative de L. ivanovii HPB28 ont été alors identifiés et purifiés. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, l'effet protecteur contre L. monocytogenes LMA-1045 des souches D. hansenii LMA-916 et de W. anomalus LMA-827 a été évaluée dans un caillé modèle de type Camembert, en co-culture et en utilisant les extraits acétone concentrés provenant de ces souches. Les analyses microbiologiques des différents caillés modèles ont révélé une inhibition significative de L. monocytoenges LMA-1045 par les extraits acétone à partir du premier jour de maturation jusqu'au cinquième. Les observations en microscopie électronique ont révélé une forte proportion de cellules en processus de lyse ainsi que la formation de pores. Finalement, la survie de D. hansenii LMA-916 aux gastro-intestinales a été étudiée grâce à un simulateur dynamique in vitro du tube digestif (TIM-1). Cette souche a montré une tolérance au stress digestif et un taux de survie (nombre de UFC de l'extrant / nombre de UFC de l'intrant du TIM-1 multiplié par 100) de 2,08 % en comparant avec 1,85 % de Saccharomyces boulardii. / The overall objective of this thesis was to isolate and identify new yeast strains from Quebec dairy products with antagonistic activity against food-borne pathogens such as Listeria sp. It also aims to evaluate the potential of these strains to be used as a natural food biopreservation. A total of 95 isolates of yeasts isolated from milk and cheese of Quebec were screened. Four yeasts, in particular, namely Candida tropicalis LMA-693, Debaryomyces hansenii LMA-916, Pichia fermentans LMA-256, and Wickerhamomyces anomalus LMA-827 selected for their inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes. The inhibitory activity of these strains appears to be related to the production of an extracellular hydrophobic substances extracted from the culture supernatant. The evaluation of the inhibitory activity of these strains showed a strong inhibition against L. ivanovii HPB28 with microbial reduction of 97, 92, 84 and 78 %, respectively. Attempts to purify and characterize peptides produced by W. anomalus were conducted from the culture supernatant. Two protein HPLC peaks have demonstrated significant inhibition of L. ivanovii HPB28 were then identified and purified. In the second part of the thesis, the protective effect of D. hansenii LMA-916 and W. anomalus LMA-827 was analyzed as well as their acetone extracts concentrated against L. monocytogenes LMA-1045 in Camembert cheese model curd. Microbiological analyzes of different curds models showed significant inhibition of L. monocytogenes LMA-1045 in Camembert curd models containing the acetone extracts from the first day of ripening up to the fifth and ninth days. The electron microscopy observations revealed an extensive cell lysis, with the formation of pores. Finally, the survival of D. hansenii LMA-916 in a Camembert curd model under the gastrointestinal stress was studied using dynamic simulator in vitro gastrointestinal tract (TIM-1). The behavior of this strain showed a digestive stress tolerance and survival rate (number of CFU in the effluent from the TIM-1 / number of CFU input to the TIM-1 multiplied by 100) 2.08 % comparing with 1.85 % for Saccharomyces boulardii.

Due to their resilience, durability, and broad genetic variations, increasing the production and consumption of landrace cereals has been highlighted as a solution to handle increasing environmental variability resulting from climate change. However, the consumption of landrace cereals remains low due to limited production and purchase availability for consumers. To increase knowledge and possibly the production and consumption of landrace cereals, the overall aim of the study was to investigate the influence of terroir and the addition of ingredients on consumers' perception and acceptance of sensory qualities in cookies prepared from the landrace cereal swidden rye. Rye (Secale cereale) has been pointed out as a wonder crop and is of historical importance in the Nordic region. The study analyses the application of swidden rye (Swedish: Svedjeråg), a landrace variety of rye, in cookies by investigating how consumers perceive and describe its sensory characteristics. Additionally, the study explores how terroir relates to sensory perceptions. Five samples of swidden rye and a conventional rye sample have been included in the study. The study used a mixed methods approach with a Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA®), a hedonic liking test, a focus group, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) data. Different sensory profiles could be detected for the cookies produced with swidden rye, and a descriptive vocabulary and sensory profiles have been developed to describe the swidden rye cookies. Common descriptors were a browned butter aroma, a colour that ranged between golden and grey, roasted nutty and rye flavours, with a coarser or oily texture. All cookies were considered liked and acceptable by consumers, and cookies produced with swidden rye and the addition of butter and sugar could meet future consumers' expectations. There were relationships between terroir and sensory perceptions of swidden rye cookies. Relationships were found for increases and decreases in intensities of different sensory attributes. The geographical location on the latitude was only related to a decrease in the liking for texture; otherwise, differences in the consumer's liking were not related to the farm's geographical location. Showing that soil texture and land types are more related to differences in consumer liking and that the geographical location was less so. However, all parameters representing terroir were related to perceived sensory attribute intensities. The knowledge gained can be applied in the efforts to increase the production and consumption of landrace cereals. Communicating both the history, the historical importance, and the different sensory characteristics of swidden rye through terroir could be one way to increase consumers' interests and consumption.

No description available.

Throughout the history of Architecture and Urbanism, many efforts were made and continue being done in order to learn how to successfully design good built environments for human beings. This goal has not only expanded to several other fields such as Geography, Sociology, and Environmental Psychology but also received new and invaluable contributions from several other unexpected fields. Such might be the case with the field of Viticulture and its interesting concept of terroir which has already been used to address topics connected with urbanism and against the increased globalization. The process of globalization in which people are instead considered as citizens of a new global world order reduces the place and rather creates a world of “placelessness”. As a concept, terroir sheds light on the importance of authenticity and how a sense of feeling can generate a cultural identity. However, in a time where neoliberal politics are increasing with a strengthened nationalism, it can also be a source of politics. Although its authenticity can be used as a means to work against globalization, it can also install a perception of unity to the local people, therefore excluding foreigners and maintaining an ideal that is unattainable for multicultural cities. The purpose of this paper is to primarily suggest a definition for a new concept entitled urban terroir and to reveal the elements of the interactive urban ecosystem of a place embodied in our cities’ characteristic and distinctive qualities. In addition, the paper also has an objective of understanding how architects, planners, politicians, and developers can deeply understand terroir when creating places and policies without excluding people from the developed cultural identity it is meant to create. This is possible by interviewing residents from three cities in France, Mulhouse, Dunkerque, and Toulouse, and different areas in the municipality of Stockholm about their respective perception of terroir in the form of authenticity and its linkage to placemaking that may act as an accelerator to further exclusion of cultural minorities in the urban environment. The obtained results conclude a definition of urban terroir as a compilation of elements and certain characteristics that collectively, with respect to the residents in an area, make up the essence of a city. These elements comprise the architecture and its historical significance, inherent traditions tied to the region, temporal legibility, the elements of scale including nodes, paths, landmarks, districts as well as edges, and ultimately, the inclusion of minorities. The author also raises the potential romanticization of nationalism with terroir and authenticity. Thus, policies according to Interculturalism are derived which firstly include acknowledging the impact that politicians have. This includes securing housing, providing strategies to work against the identified ethnic segregation, and developing an agenda that promotes interactions whilst simultaneously nurturing inclusive cultural identities. As for architects and urban planners, the study concludes the potential placemaking has in fostering micro-public places in the city where different cultures can meet. The authenticity behind these places should go beyond the physical attributes and instead include the people living in the city. It becomes crucial to view the city as not limited to the inner-city, but also validate the right to the city and placemaking of inhabitants residing in the periphery by organizing initiatives that foster growth in such areas of the city. By working against the identified current state, in the form of generating authentic interactions with a social attachment to minority cultures, urban planners are able to present an understanding of the inevitable political aspect of placemaking.

No description available.

Pour satisfaire l'intérêt grandissant des Québécois pour la consommation de fromage Cheddar, les transformateurs laitiers font face au défi du maintien de la grande qualité de leurs produits. Plusieurs bactéries, levures et champignons du microbiote natif des fromages du terroir québécois ont précédemment été isolés et identifiés. Ces microorganismes sont responsables des propriétés sensorielles typiques des fromages québécois par leurs diverses activités enzymatiques pendant l'affinage, notamment la protéolyse qui module la texture des fromages pendant l'affinage. En premier lieu, un criblage de souches de bactéries lactiques a été réalisé à l'aide d'une méthode basée sur la caractérisation de la texture, mais a été remplacée par la détermination de l'activité protéolytique. Au total, dix souches bactériennes et sept de levures ont été criblées. L'activité lipolytique a aussi été ajoutée comme paramètre de criblage pour son potentiel impact sur la texture. Pour ce faire, des milieux caséinate de calcium et tributyrine ont été inoculés individuellement avec les souches pour le criblage de la protéolyse et la lipolyse, respectivement, et incubés à 15 °C et 25 °C, pendant 21 jours. Deux souches, Latilactobacillus curvatus (LMA-11) et Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans (LMA-1802), se sont démarquées par leur forte capacité protéolytique à 15 °C. Ensuite, les souches ont été ajoutées individuellement à la production à l'échelle pilote de fromages de type Cheddar affinés de manière accélérée pendant 64 jours à 13 °C afin de vérifier leur impact sur la protéolyse et la texture. Les suivis de la population bactérienne, de la composition, du pH et du profil de texture (TPA) ont aussi été réalisés après 5, 22, 43 et 64 jours d'affinage. Aucune des deux souches n'a apporté de changements significatifs au niveau de la composition, de la protéolyse, ni de la texture pendant l'affinage. Cependant, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans (LMA-1802) a mieux persisté pendant l'affinage et a réduit le compte bactérien du ferment significativement. Ces nouvelles données suggèrent que les souches Latilactobacillus curvatus (LMA-11) et Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans (LMA-1802) n'induisent pas de défaut de composition ni de texture, mais un affinage prolongé aurait peut-être permis de cerner un impact sur l'un ou l'autre de ces paramètres. Il est possible d'émettre l'hypothèse que Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans (LMA-1802) aurait permis de réduire la viabilité du ferment, et possiblement son autolyse, ce qui peut ainsi libérer des peptidases intracellulaires qui peuvent moduler les saveurs du fromage Cheddar. / To satisfy the growing interest of Quebecers for Cheddar cheese consumption, dairy processors are facing the challenge of maintaining the high quality of the cheeses. Several bacteria, yeasts, and molds of the native microbiota of Quebec cheeses have been previously isolated and identified. These microorganisms are responsible for the typical sensory properties of Quebec cheeses through their various enzymatic activities during ripening, among which proteolysis, which modulates the texture of cheeses during ripening. First, a screening of lactic acid bacteria was performed using a texture-based method but was replaced by the detection of the proteolytic activity of the strains. A total of ten bacterial strains and seven yeasts were screened. The lipolytic activity was also added as a screening parameter. For this purpose, calcium caseinate and tributyrin media were inoculated with the strains individually for proteolysis and lipolysis screening, respectively, and incubated at 15°C and 25°C, for 21 days. Two strains, Latilactobacillus curvatus (LMA-11) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans (LMA-1802), stood out for their high proteolytic activity at 15 °C. Then, the strains were added individually to pilot-scale production of Cheddar-type cheeses aged using an accelerated ripening protocol for 64 days at 13°C to determine their impact on proteolysis and texture. Monitoring of bacterial population, composition, pH, and texture profile (TPA) were also performed after 5, 22, 43 and 64 days of ripening. Neither strain showed changes in composition, proteolysis, or texture during maturation. However, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans (LMA-1802) persisted better during ripening and reduced the bacterial count of the starter culture significantly. These new data suggest that, at least, Latilactobacillus curvatus (LMA-11) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ssp. tolerans (LMA-1802) strains do not induce compositional or textural defects, but extended ripening might have identified an impact on either of these parameters. It is possible to hypothesize that Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. tolerans (LMA-1802) reduced the viability of the starter culture and could have possibly induced its autolysis, which can then release intracellular peptidases that may modulate the flavors of Cheddar cheese.

Nombreux sont les pays, régions, villes et communautés dans le monde, notamment au Québec, qui tournent maintenant leur regard vers leur propre système alimentaire dans le but d’en analyser les forces et faiblesses. La présente étude constitue l’un des volets du projet REPSAQ : Vers une alimentation territorialisée et durable : une recherche participative pour comprendre le système alimentaire de Québec. Ce mémoire présente les résultats de l’analyse du maillon « consommation » du système alimentaire de Québec, qui s’intéresse plus précisément aux consommateurs de la Communauté métropolitaine de Québec (CMQ). Les deux phases successives de cette étude ont permis de mieux comprendre les pratiques et habitudes d’un échantillon de consommateurs à l’égard des aliments produits localement, d’en vérifier les liens avec la qualité nutritionnelle de l’alimentation et d’explorer les barrières et facilitants perçus à la consommation d’aliments locaux selon la Théorie du comportement planifié. Les résultats, rapportés sous forme d’un score Locavore, illustrent un faible recours aux circuits courts de distribution alimentaire ainsi qu’une faible consommation d’aliments produits dans la région ou la province de Québec chez les participants. Une association modeste mais significative entre la qualité nutritionnelle de l’alimentation et le score Locavore a été identifiée. De plus, bien que les attitudes des consommateurs soient très positives à l’égard des aliments locaux, il semble que plusieurs barrières liées à l’offre et au prix nuisent au comportement. Par ailleurs, les grands consommateurs d’aliments locaux paraissent plus informés sur le système alimentaire en général et engagés dans la « cause » de l’alimentation locale alors que les consommateurs occasionnels recherchent plutôt la commodité dans leurs choix alimentaires. Une meilleure promotion, une stratégie d’éducation et de sensibilisation des consommateurs ainsi qu’une modification des stratégies de distribution comptent parmi les pistes identifiées pour favoriser la consommation d’aliments locaux. / Many countries, regions, cities and communities around the world, particularly in Quebec, are now investigating their own food systems in order to analyze their strengths and weaknesses. This study is part of the REPSAQ project: Vers une alimentation territorialisée et durable : une recherche participative pour comprendre le système alimentaire de Québec. This dissertation presents the results of the analysis of the "consumption" link in the Québec City food system, which focuses more specifically on Québec Metropolitan Community’s consumers. The two consecutive phases of this study provided a better understanding of the practices and habits of a sample of consumers with respect to locally produced foods, verified their associations with diet quality and explored perceived barriers and facilitators to the consumption of local foods according to the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The results, reported as a Locavore score, illustrate a low use of short food supply chains and a low consumption of food produced in the region or province of Québec among participants. A modest but significant association between the diet quality and the Locavore score has been identified. In addition, although consumer attitudes towards local foods were very positive, it appears that several barriers such as limited offer and high prices affect behaviour. On the other hand, high consumers of local foods appear to be more informed about the food system in general and engaged in the "cause" of local food, while low consumers seek convenience in their food choices and provisioning schemes. Better promotion, an appropriate consumer education and awareness strategy, and a change in distribution strategies are among the avenues identified to promote the consumption of local food.