This study examines the relativistic aspects of Arnold Schoenberg's harmonic and aesthetic theories in the light of a framework of ideas presented in the early writings of Ludwig Wittgenstein, the logician, philosopher of language, and Schoenberg's contemporary and Austrian compatriot. The author has identified correspondences between the writings of Schoenberg, the early Wittgenstein (the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, in particular), and the Vienna Circle of philosophers, on a wide range of topics and themes. Issues discussed include the nature and limits of language, musical universals, theoretical conventionalism, word-to-world correspondence in language, the need for a fact- and comparison-based approach to art criticism, and the nature of music-theoretical formalism and mathematical modeling. Schoenberg and Wittgenstein are shown to have shared a vision that is remarkable for its uniformity and balance, one that points toward the reconciliation of the positivist-relativist dualism that has dominated recent discourse in music theory. Contrary to earlier accounts of Schoenberg's harmonic and aesthetic relativism, this study identifies a solid epistemological core underlying his thought, a view that was very much in step with Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle, and thereby with the most vigorous and forward-looking stream in early twentieth century intellectual history.

The Comenius Network Project “Developing Quality in Mathematics Education II” funded by the European Commission consists of partners from schools, universities and teacher training centres from eleven European countries. One advantage of the project is the mutual exchange between teachers, teacher trainers and researchers in developing learning material. To support the teachers most effectively the researchers asked the teachers what they wanted the researchers to do. The answer was also a question: How can we identify (good) modelling tasks? A discussion ensued in the research group of this project which resulted in a list of descriptors characterising modelling tasks. This paper focuses on the theoretical background of mathematical modelling and will thereby substantiate the list of descriptors for modelling tasks.

The human body is composed of trillions of cells closely working together to maintain a functional organism. Every cell is unique in molecular composition and can acquire genetic variations that might cause it to turn pathological. It is essential to develop improved tools to better understand the development of normal and disease tissue, ideally enabling single-cell expression studies in preserved context of complex tissue with single-nucleotide resolution. This thesis presents the development and application of a new in situ method for localized detection and genotyping of individual transcripts directly in cells and tissues. The described technique utilizes padlock probes and target-primed rolling circle amplification and is highly suitable for sensitive in situ analysis. First, a new strategy for directed cleavage of single stranded DNA was investigated, e.g. nucleic acid targets with extended 3´ ends, for successful initiation of rolling circle amplification. The presented cleavage strategy is simple and applicable for subsequent enzymatic reactions, e.g. ligation and polymerization. Specific cleavage of long target overhangs was demonstrated in synthetic oligonucleotides and in genomic DNA and the detection efficiency was substantially increased. For multiplex detection and genotyping of individual transcripts in single cells, a new in situ method was developed. The technique showed a satisfactorily detection efficiency and was later applied as a general mutation analysis tool for detection of KRAS point mutations in complex tumor tissue sections, e.g. formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and cytologic tumor imprints. Mutation status was assessed in patient samples by in situ padlock probe detection and results were confirmed by DNA-sequencing.  Finally, the method was adapted for simultaneous detection of individual mRNA molecules and endogenous protein modifications in single cells using padlock probes and in situ PLA. This assay will be useful for gene expression analysis and exploration of new drugs with vague effector sites. To our knowledge, no other technique exists today that offers in situ transcript detection with single-nucleotide resolution in heterogeneous tissues. The method will especially be suitable for discrimination of highly similar transcripts, e.g. splice variants, SNPs and point mutations, within gene expression studies and for cancer diagnostics.

Intra- and intercellular information is communicated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and protein-protein interactions, transducing information over cell membranes and to the nucleus. A cells capability to respond to stimuli by several highly complex and dynamic signaling networks provides the basis for rapid responses and is fundamental for the cellular collaborations required in a multicellular organism. Having received diverse stimuli, being positioned at various stages of the cell cycle or, for the case of cancer, containing altered genetic background, each cell in a population is slightly different from its neighbor. However, bulk analyses of interactions will only reveal an average, but not the true variation within a population. Thus studies of interacting endogenous biomolecules in situ are essential to acquire a comprehensive view of cellular functions and communication. In situ proximity ligation assay (in situ PLA) was developed to investigate individual endogenous protein-protein interactions in fixed cells and tissues and was later applied for detection for PTMs. Progression of signals in a pathway can branch out in different directions and induce expression of different target genes. Hence simultaneous measurement of protein activity and gene expression provides a tool to determine the balance and progression of these signaling events. To obtain this in situ PLA was combined with padlock probes, providing an assay that can interrogate both PTMs and mRNA expression at a single cell level. Thereby different nodes of the signaling pathway as well as drug effects on different types of molecules could be investigated simultaneously. In addition to regulation of gene expression, protein-DNA interactions present a mechanism to manage accessibility of the genomic DNA in an inheritable manner, providing the basis for lineage commitment, via e.g. histone PTMs. To enable analyses of protein-DNA interactions in situ we developed a method that utilizes the proximity dependence of PLA and the sequence selectivity of padlock probes. This thesis presents new methods providing researchers with a set of tools to address cellular functions and communication in complex microenvironments, to improve disease diagnostics and to contribute to hopefully finding cures.

On-line writing workshops provide educational spaces within which aspiring writers can learn their craft. In order to understand the dialogic mechanisms behind that learning, this thesis examines ways in which one workshop, the Internet Writing Workshop (IWW), functions as a Freireian culture circle. The exegesis identifies several key characteristics that defined Paulo Freire's concept of the culture circle. It compares these characteristics with the structure and practice of interaction within the IWW. It unpacks some of Freire's ideas about dialogue as a means of achieving critical consciousness, and compares them to current learning theory and the ways in which dialogue takes place within the IWW community. The exegesis also examines some of the political axioms behind Freire's pedagogy, and examines ways in which the IWW community might be viewed as emancipatory or liberatory. I examine these areas in light of the development of a novel, Suicide Girls. The second draft of this novel was influenced and informed by my participant-observation of the IWW. This working draft of the novel is provided as a process document to demonstrate findings made in the exegesis and is annotated to reflect relevant process and development issues.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:46:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA CRISTINA DE FREITAS BONETTI - PARTE 1.pdf: 4528097 bytes, checksum: b102021c0421e0f11965fe8fadf10afb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-14 / This thesis investigates the survival and the camouflage of the Myth of the Serpent and the Cult to the Great Mother in mythic and ritualistic performances of the Sacred Circle Dances nowadays. For this, it remakes the myth trajectory since ancient times, exploring the imagery of creation and its various expressions in archaic cultures in the Western World. The main objective of the research is to demonstrate the survival the symbolism of the Mother Goddess and the Serpent Myth in different cultural expressions in dialogue with the Sacred Circle Dances. It also takes into to identify the hidden message that externalizes through body movements that generate archetypical expressions codified in the ritualistic dances and performances, and explores in the same way, the domains of the Great Mother and the Serpent; its symbolic polysemy and the way they are organized in artistic and spacial terms. The main issue of this thesis is that whether the symbolism of the serpent can be considered as a mythical theme survival in the contemporary Sacred Circle Dance. Taking as methodological inspiration the hermeneutic conception of analysis, in this thesis the purpose is to connect the Myth of the Serpent with the most relevant works regarding the Sacred Feminine, history, anthropology and the ritualistic performances. The literature will be reviewed in its thematic axles and in particular the authors and the known experts in the Sciences of Religion. Amid the conceptual interpretations this research produces surveys of recent works on the subject of study to discuss the meanings and the ramifications inspired by ancient traditions and with deep power refresher mythical; and in this discussion, focuses on the aspect of the dances that revive the serpent symbolism and ritually reframe the archaic myths. Traditional and Folk Dances, realized as artistic performances, or even spontaneously, come upon the space created by the traditional parties, replace and vivify myths and prehistoric rituals nowadays. It is considered, therefore, that the Serpent symbology is a mythical theme of the Mother Goddess who survived the performed and ritualistic acts in the contemporary Sacred Circle Dances. / Esta tese investiga as sobrevivências e a camuflagem do Mito da Serpente e do culto à Grande Mãe nas performances mítica e ritualística das Danças Circulares Sagradas na contemporaneidade. Para isso, refaz a trajetória do mito desde a antiguidade, explorando o imaginário da criação e suas diversas expressões em culturas arcaicas no mundo ocidental. O principal objetivo da pesquisa é demonstrar a sobrevivência da simbologia da Deusa Mãe e do Mito da Serpente nas diferentes expressões culturais em diálogo com as Danças Circulares Sagradas. Busca, ainda, identificar a mensagem oculta que se externaliza mediante os movimentos corporais que geram expressões arquetípicas codificadas nas danças e performances ritualísticas; e explora, do mesmo modo, os domínios da Grande Mãe e da Serpente, sua polissemia simbólica e a maneira como se organizam em termos artísticos e espaciais. A principal questão da tese é se a simbologia da serpente pode ser considerada como temática mítica sobrevivente na Dança Circular Sagrada na contemporaneidade. Tendo como inspiração metodológica a concepção hermenêutica de análise, nesta tese busca-se conectar o Mito da Serpente às obras mais relevantes no que tange ao Sagrado Feminino, à história, à antropologia e às performances ritualísticas. A literatura será revista em seus eixos temáticos e, em especial, nos autores e estudiosos reconhecidos nas Ciências da Religião. Em meio às interpretações conceituais, a pesquisa realiza levantamentos das produções recentes sobre a temática de estudo para discutir as acepções e os desdobramentos inspirados em tradições ancestrais e com intenso poder de reatualização mítica; e, nesta discussão, aborda-se o aspecto das danças que revivem o simbolismo da serpente e ressignificam ritualisticamente os mitos arcaicos. As Danças Tradicionais e Folclóricas, realizadas como performances artísticas, ou mesmo espontaneamente, sobrevêm ao espaço criado pelas festas tradicionais, reatualizam e vivificam mitos e rituais pré-históricos na contemporaneidade. Considera-se, portanto, que a simbologia da Serpente é uma temática mítica da Deusa Mãe que sobreviveu nos atos performatizados e ritualísticos das Danças Circulares Sagradas contemporâneas.

Malgré sa condamnation post-positiviste et sa réception négative par la gauche, l’empirisme logique regagne en intérêt. Cette thèse est une contribution à la littérature émergente du «Cercle de Vienne de gauche» (CVG). Autour de Neurath et quelques autres personnalités de l’aile gauche du Cercle (Carnap, Frank, Hahn, Zilsel), nous proposons de repenser la relation de l’empirisme logique avec le marxisme. Ces deux courants se rejoignent dans leur défense d’une «conception scientifique du monde» et leur sécularisme radical. Les critiques communistes et néo-marxistes (l’École de Francfort, l’épistémologie féministe) adressées à l’empirisme logique sont recensées et leur pertinence questionnée à travers les données de l’historiographie du CVG. La politique de l’empirisme logique est examinée à travers les textes économiques de Neurath et son œuvre d’infographiste. Son engagement pour l’économie socialiste planifiée et ses efforts en graphisme pour la popularisation des méthodes quantitatives (la méthode Isotype pour la visualisation des statistiques sociales) sont présentés en vue d’une évaluation politique du CVG, ainsi que les connexions de l’empirisme logique avec le mouvement pour une langue auxiliaire internationale. / Despite logical empiricism’s dismissal by ambient postpositivism in academia as well as by the Far Left, a growing interest in its previously unknown socialist origins has resulted in a new topic in the history of philosophy of science : «Left Vienna Circle» (LVC). This thesis dedicated to LVC studies aims to clarify the politics of European logical empiricism. A presentation of its major critics from the Left (from communist parties to neo-Marxist trends like Frankfurt School and feminist epistemology) is followed by more recent arguments about its socialist politics. The «scientific world conceptions» of logical empiricism and Marxism will be compared through the work of Neurath and some other representatives of LVC (Carnap, Frank, Zilsel, Hahn). Alongside the connections of logical empiricism to the movement for an international auxiliary language, Neurath’s economical writings and his efforts to popularize quantitative methods in social sciences (the Isotype method of visual statistics) will be presented in an attempt to evaluate the politics of logical empiricism.

Ischaemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral autoregulation, which can be impaired during acute stroke, and collateral flow to brain tissue through the circle of Willis, both play a role in preventing tissue infarction. The configuration of the arterial circle varies between individuals. Thus, personalised modelling of the cerebral arterial network, to determine the potential for collateral flow, can be of significant value in the clinical context of stroke. The interaction between autoregulation and collateral flow remains poorly understood. In this study, steady-state physiological models of the cerebral arterial network, including several common variants of the circle of Willis, were coupled to a spatially variable mathematical representation of cerebral autoregulation. The resulting model was used to simulate various arterial occlusions, as well as bilateral and unilateral impairment of autoregulation, in each structural variant. The work identified few circle of Willis variants that present either particularly high-risk or particularly low-risk of cerebral ischaemia. Instead it was found that most variants are dependent upon the bilateral function of autoregulation to facilitate collateral flow and preserve cerebral blood flows. When autoregulation was impaired unilaterally, downstream of an occlusion, blood flows in the contralateral hemisphere were preserved at the expense of the ipsilateral tissue at risk. Arterial network models have in the past been personalised using structural, rather than functional, angiography measurements. This thesis presents a novel model-based method for absolute blood volume flow rate quantification in short arterial segments using dynamic magnetic resonance angiography data. The work also investigated the additional information that can be obtained from such functional angiography. The flow quantification technique was found to accurately estimate flows in shorter arterial segments than an existing technique. However, improvements to noise performance, and strategies for rejection of contaminating signals from overlapping vessels within the imaging plane, are required before the technique can be applied to personalised cerebral arterial network modelling.

SANTOS, Jovelina Silva. Círculos Operários no Ceará: “Instruindo, educando, orientando, moralizando”(1915-1963). 2004. 270f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pós-Graduação em Historia, Fortaleza (CE), 2004. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-12T11:41:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_jssantos.pdf: 1188704 bytes, checksum: 01d21952f833d1c051f58979eb49fa80 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T12:35:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_jssantos.pdf: 1188704 bytes, checksum: 01d21952f833d1c051f58979eb49fa80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T12:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_jssantos.pdf: 1188704 bytes, checksum: 01d21952f833d1c051f58979eb49fa80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / The study accosts the Circle of Workmen in Ceará in the period that comprehends the foundation of the Circle of Christian Workman and Labourers of Fortaleza in 1915 and he First Regional Congress North and Northeast of the Workmen’s Circle in the year of 1963. The 1st part analyses the circle’s organization as a theological-politic project and as an instrument of the Catholic Church for her insertion in the world of work. It still makes a brief dialogue with the historiography of the circles in different spaces. The second part analyses the circle’s organization in Ceará, seeking to understand the estabilized relation with the sindicates and other organization. In the third part the focus is for education project of the workmen’s Circle comprehended in the dimension of a job turned toward the instruction and doctrination of the cearense workers in their diverse spaces. The fourth part visualizes over the cearense circles press like an informative and formative instrument, observing doctrinary function of this press. / O estudo aborda os Círculos Operários no Ceará, no período que compreende a fundação do Círculo de Operários e Trabalhadores Cristãos de Fortaleza em 1915 e o I Congresso Regional Norte e Nordeste dos Círculos Operários no ano de 1963. Na primeira parte, analiso a organização circulista enquanto projeto político-teológico e como instrumento da Igreja Católica para sua inserção no mundo do trabalho. Faz ainda um breve diálogo com a historiografia circulista, observando os enfoques dessa produção e os matizes da experiência circulista em diferentes espaços. Na segunda parte analiso a organização circulista no Ceará, buscando entender os vínculos estabelecidos com os sindicatos e outras organizações. Na terceira parte, o enfoque é para o projeto pedagógico dos círculos operários compreendido na dimensão de um trabalho voltado para a instrução e doutrinação dos trabalhadores cearenses em seus espaços diversos. A quarta parte, debruça-se sobre a imprensa circulista cearense como instrumento informativo e formativo, observando a função doutrinária desta imprensa.

The dissertation underlines an approach towards mission, where the epistemology, hermeneutical key and methodology centre around relationship. This, by tracing trends in the pastoral context, verified through research and an analysis of congregational surveys. The results were then analysed in terms of biblical revelation (the creation narratives, God's covenental relationship with Israel, Christ as the New Israel, Christ's missiological methodology and an understanding of the Holy Trinity). The resulis were then also brought into conversation with recent developments in science, recognising the interdependence of all things, and also exploring recent definitions of mission. The study then grapples with a new way of engaging in theology. This new model simultaneously promotes the symbiotic nature of theologies, while placing them within the framework of relational objectives; using dialogue as medium, Holland and Henriot's Social Analysis and quantifiable relationship goals to engender a theological process accessible to people from all contexts and backgrounds. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)