This thesis is focused on evaluating age structure of cross-country skiing racers who participate in World Championship and Olympic Games. The work shall show if the age of sportsmen can be determined as one of the factors of success, what is the optimal age limit and how is this age limit changed in the course of time or if it stays the same. After studying available literature and after looking up certain data on the internet, the results were evaluated in Excel, the graphs were created and the final report was written. The results showed: the average age often oscillates among 24 and 36 years in the majority of disciplines, it has been rather decreasing mostly in the discipline od women - cross-countra skiing for 5 km both at the World Championship and at the Olympic Games. The age decreases at shorter distance and a little higher age increases or predominates at disciplines for longer distance. The total arithmetic mean of the age of the maximum performance is 27.99 years in cross-country skiing at World Championship and at winter Olympic Games from 1970 to 2007. The arithmetic mean of the age of winners in World Championship is 27.75 years. The arithmetic mean of the age of racers participated in winter Olympic Games is 28.33 years in that time. Average age of women is 27.78 years, average age of men is 28.19 years.

Orientador: Roberto Rodrigues Paes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T21:18:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schiavon_LauritaMarconi_D.pdf: 7690338 bytes, checksum: c8b9aa6a0e166b0de9828bc8178becba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Os resultados das atletas brasileiras da Ginástica Artística feminina nos últimos 10 anos apresentaram uma expressiva evolução nas competições de nível internacional. Na busca de informações científicas dessa evolução, o presente estudo teve o propósito de conhecer o processo de formação desportiva das atletas brasileiras participantes de Jogos Olímpicos, na modalidade de Ginástica Artística Feminina, de 1980 a 2004. Para isso foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa utilizando-se o método de História Oral, com os depoimentos das dez ginastas brasileiras classificadas para os Jogos Olímpicos neste período, para se obter o diagnóstico das suas histórias de vida desportiva. A análise abrangeu 14 temas e categorias - alguns inicialmente elencados para a pesquisa de campo e outros que emergiram dos depoimentos: iniciação desportiva na GA, participação em outras modalidades desportivas, seus ídolos, condições de infra-estrutura dos treinamentos, estrutura e organização dos treinamentos, aspectos nutricionais, aspectos psicológicos, incidência de lesões, a participação nas Olimpíadas, relação técnico-ginasta, apoio familiar, condições financeiras, influências determinantes e encerramento da carreira desportiva na GA. Como resultado, são oferecidas diretrizes para reflexões sobre a formação desportiva em GAF. / Abstract: Brazilian female athletes' results in Artistic Gymnastics evolved hugely in international level competitions in the last ten years. In the search of scientific information about this evolution, the present study aimed to learn about the long-term athlete development of the Brazilian female Artistic Gymnastics participating in Olympic Games in the period between 1980 and 2004. In order to do so it was developed a qualitative research which made use of the Oral History methodology. Testimonies were gathered among the ten classified Brazilian athletes for the Olympic Games in this period of time, to obtain the diagnosis of their sport life. From the field research and testimonies 14 themes emerged and were analysed: sport initiation in Artistic Gymnastics, participation in other sports modalities, their idols, facilities of trainings, designing training programs, nutritional aspects, psychological aspects, injuries, the participation in the Olympic Games, the relationship coach-athlete, parental support, financial conditions, most important influences and retirement in Artistic Gymnastics. As a result of this analysis there is an indication of an educational proposal for long-term athlete development in Women's Artistic Gymastics. / Doutorado / Pedagogia do Movimento / Doutor em Educação Física

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:49:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evelize Dorneles Minuzzi.pdf: 1590135 bytes, checksum: e32db330907a2b314d84fa0fe0c5cb35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / The following research aimed to understand Olympic Games as a spectacle of entertainment, explicit in the dimension of the infrastructure, in the expectation for the performance of athletes, in the media coverage of the event, in the grounds of the State, and in the private interests in hosting the games, in the amount of the economic costs, in the examples of overcoming limits, and in the possibility of enhancing or undermining national pride. For such, a bibliographic research has been conducted from scientific domain material, primary both for data collection and to perform the analysis of the object of study; and documentary research, through the analysis of print media "Folha de Sao Paulo" especially in the period from 1991 to 2012. As for the interpretation procedure, content analysis has been employed. The topic questioning takes into consideration the changes in the theoretical concept of time and free time, as the increased supply of goods for the time use, amongst them the spectacle. The emergence, the invention, reinvention and installation of Olympic Games in contemporary capitalist society is situated in this study, seeking similarities between the Olympic Games and entertainment spectacle. In summary, we aimed to demonstrate that the Olympic Games are a unique example of the globalization of entertainment, a planetary phenomenon of ideological control of capitalist society, transformed into merchandise for the immediate satisfaction of the public, profitable for the entertainment industry and somehow structuring capitalist ideology / Esta pesquisa buscou compreender os Jogos Olímpicos como espetáculo de entretenimento, explícito na dimensão da infraestrutura, na expectativa quanto ao desempenho dos atletas, na midiatização do evento, nas razões do Estado e nos interesses privados em sediar, no montante dos custos econômicos, nos exemplos de superação e na possibilidade de enaltecer ou abalar o orgulho nacional. Para tanto realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica a partir de materiais de domínio cientifico, primordiais tanto para a coleta de dados quanto para realizar a análise do objeto de estudo; e pesquisa documental, via análise da mídia impressa Folha de S. Paulo , sobretudo, entre o período de 1991 a 2012. Como procedimento de interpretação, utilizamos análise de conteúdo. A problematização da temática leva em consideração as mudanças operadas na concepção de tempo e de tempo livre, como o aumento da oferta de produtos destinados aos usos do tempo, dentre eles, o espetáculo. Situamos o surgimento, a invenção, a instalação e a reinvenção dos Jogos Olímpicos na sociedade capitalista contemporânea, buscando aproximações entre os Jogos Olímpicos e o espetáculo de entretenimento. Em síntese, procuramos demonstrar que os Jogos Olímpicos trata-se de um exemplo singular da mundialização do entretenimento, um fenômeno planetário de controle ideológico da sociedade capitalista, transformado em mercadoria para a satisfação imediata do público, rentável para a indústria do entretenimento e estruturadora da ideologia capitalista

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This diploma thesis deals with marketing activities of VisitBritain, the British national tourism board. Theoretical part discusses aspects of marketing in travel and tourism with emphasis on destination marketing. The second chapter contains economic indicators of British tourism industry and visitors' perceptions of this destination. The thesis continues with the analysis of Britain Marketing & 2012 Games Strategy 2010-2013 followed by the marketing programme 2011-2015. Since the strategy and programme stem from the great events that recently happened in Britain, this diploma thesis tests the hypothesis whether London Olympic Games 2012 have had a positive impact on British inbound tourism. The last chapter is dedicated to the results of survey which revealed whether young people had been motivated to visit Britain after London 2012 Olympic Games.

[pt] A qualidade do discurso mercadológico é fator determinante para o sucesso de uma empresa, tendo as marcas não só a necessidade de se comunicar, mas também de serem relevantes, de somarem aos projetos de vida dos consumidores. Em um contexto de grande importância econômica das marcas de artigos esportivos, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os diversos significados produzidos nos vídeos das marcas Adidas, Nike e Under Armour no período olímpico e pré-olímpico de 2016. Em outras palavras, pretende-se apresentar os significados produzidos pelas marcas bem como os mecanismos discursivos utilizados em suas peças de comunicação veiculadas em seus respectivos canais no YouTube. A pesquisa tem como base a teoria do cultural branding, em especial os trabalhos de Douglas Holt, e as aplicações da semiótica discursiva no marketing e no branding, com destaque para as contribuições de Jean-Marie Floch e Andrea Semprini. Os resultados sugerem que essas marcas exploram em suas narrativas as similaridades entre esportistas famosos e seus enunciatários-consumidores. Não obstante o uso de diferentes mecanismos discursivos, as três marcas cujos vídeos foram analisados desenvolvem narrativas de superação que, em uma construção mítica, conciliam os valores de igualdade e diferenciação. / [en] The quality of the marketing discourse is a decisive factor in a company s success, meaning that on top of communicating with their consumers, brands need to be relevant to them, adding up to their life projects. In a context where sports brands have significant economic relevance, this study analyzes the different meanings brought by the campaigns of three brands: Adidas, Nike and Under Armour, before and during the 2016 Olympic Games. In other words, this paper aims not only to identify the meanings produced by the brands but also discuss the discursive mechanisms used in their pieces of communication broadcasted in their respective channels on YouTube. The research is based on the theory of cultural branding, focusing on Douglas Holt s work, and the application of discursive semiotics in marketing and branding, emphasizing the contributions of Jean-Marie Floch and Andrea Semprini in this particular field of study. The results of the analysis suggest that these brands explore in their narratives the similarities between famous athletes and their consumers. Moreover, despite the use of different discursive mechanisms, all three brands developed stories about the process of overcoming a situation which, in a mythical construction, reconciles the values of equality and differentiation.

The master thesis is focusing on media image of Emil Zátopek using the method of qualitative content analysis. Five periods of time, each of them six months long and sixteen years apart, are examined. These periods of time are represented by the years 1952, 1968, 1984, 2000, 2016 in which the Summer Olympic Games were held. As a representative sample of the printed media during the time of communist hegemony in Czechoslovakia Rudé právo, Mladá fronta and Československý sport that has been thematically involved (there has been no analysis for this one during the year 1952 since the first print was published in 1953) were chosen. The printed media after the revolution time are represented by Právo, Mladá fronta Dnes and Sport. The thesis brings the answers to the main research question how the media image of the most successful Czechoslovak runner was developed in the context of political and that time contemporary situation and it also explains the other questions that are focused on the causes of this possible change and the difference between the presentation of mass media during the communist and later also democratic regime. The features and concepts of media image construct as well as social situation in the country, history of the chosen media and media function in the given periods of time...

Dans le cadre d'une recherche empirique sur les styles de jeu des différentes nations en volley-ball, nous avons recueilli des données sur diverses compétitions internationales. Notre objectif était de modéliser et rationaliser notre activité à travers la construction d'un outil de feedback vidéo qui nous a permis d'analyser le rapport d'opposition entre deux équipes. Le but n'est pas de décrire comment joue une équipe, sans considérer l'adversaire, mais de lier les systèmes de jeu des deux équipes, offensifs ou défensifs, compte tenu de leurs effets sur l'adversaire. C'est ce qu'on appelle le rapport d'opposition. Comme le montre Deleplace (1979) dans sa modélisation du rugby, c'est en analysant le rapport d'opposition que l'on peut expliquer et comprendre l'essence de l'activité. Pour cette étude, nous avons choisi de construire un nouveau modèle d'analyse en adoptant une procédure technologique (Bouthier & Durey, 1994 ; Éloi & Uhlrich, 2011 ; Uhlrich, Éloi & Bouthier, 2011). Cela nous permettra de considérer le rapport d'opposition comme le premier indicateur de performance. Notre objectif est de déterminer la norme du volley-ball lors des Jeux Olympiques de Rio en 2016 au travers de l'analyse du rapport d'opposition. Dans cette perspective, nous choisissons d'utiliser le logiciel Sportscode qui est un méta-logiciel, c'est-à-dire un logiciel qui permet de créer des logiciels. La conception du logiciel créé par ce méta-logiciel facilite l'analyse de la performance en permettant une visualisation aisée des séquences vidéo prédéterminées par l'entraîneur, en direct ou après le match.Les résultats de cette étude nous montrent qu'il est possible d'identifier la norme du volley-ball à un moment précis de son histoire. De cette manière, il sera alors possible de comparer les différentes équipes entre elles et de déterminer leur style de jeu, mais également d'analyser les différentes façons de jouer au travers de son histoire. / As part of an empirical research on the playing styles of different nations in volleyball, we collected data on various international competitions. Our goal was to model and rationalize our activity through the construction of a video feedback tool that allowed us to analyze the momentum between two teams. The purpose is not to describe how play a team, without considering the opponent, but to link the game systems of the two teams, offensive or defensive, considering their effects on the opponent. This is called “momentum” (or balance of power). As shown by Deleplace (1979) in his rugby modeling, it is by analyzing the momentum that we can explain and understand the essence of the activity.For this study, we choose to build a new analysis model adopting a technological procedure (Bouthier & Durey, 1994; Éloi & Uhlrich, 2011; Uhlrich, Éloi & Bouthier, 2011). It will allow us to consider the momentum as the first performance indicator. Our goal is to determine the standard of volleyball during the Rio 2016 Olympic Games through the analysis of the momentum. In this perspective, we choose to use the software Sportscode which is a meta software, i.e., a software to make software. The design of the software created by this meta software facilitates the analysis of the performance by allowing an easy viewing of the video instances predetermined by coach, during live or after the game.The results of this study show us that it is possible to identify the international volleyball standard at a specific moment in its history. In this way, it will be possible to compare the different teams between them and determine their style of play, but also to analyze the different ways of playing through its history.

This Master Thesis develops the challenges of travel modeling during the Olympic and Paralympic Games, more specially for the Paris Olympics in 2024. This problem as been set by IDFM (Île-de-France Mobilités), the transport organisation authority of Paris and its region, that has therefore to deal with public travel during the Olympics. A very simplified model was already in use, but is no longer sufficient. The exceptional nature of this event, considered as a mega-event, requires a precise understanding of the subject as well as a different and adaptive modeling process. Thus, this work presents a detailed methodology for public transport travel modeling in Paris and its surroundings during the Olympics. This model will become more and more refined until the end of this mega-event, in order to present results or advert the multiple stakeholders around the topic of the Olympic Games transportation (event organizers, transport operators). The two significant parts of the model are distinguished and described: the Olympic Games related trips and the background demand, which require two very different approaches. The OG demand needs several assumptions which are often in constant evolution: the versatility of the parameters is a very important point to take into account. On the other side, the background demand prediction is a significant challenge because it differs from what is usually done. Both of these parts are adapted from the principle of the four-step transportation model and reuse parts of the IDFM model, ANTONIN 3, specifically calibrated for the Île-de-France region. It is also necessary to conceive with the will to adapt as much as possible the available transport data and the tools already in operation, such as the model already in use. Suggestions for further improvements are also mentioned to refine the results until the final day which will be possible thanks to enhancements of the input assumptions over time, such as ticketing data for instance.

本論文由寬頻影音網站脈絡出發，並以整合行銷傳播理論視野切入，透過hiChannel北京奧運轉播的個案研究，析論利益關係者（stakeholders）、內容（content）、通路（channels）、資料庫行銷（database marketing）和結果（results）等研究者歸納的整合行銷傳播重要面向。 首先就利益關係者而言，除兼論本個案行銷傳播目標，並將其區分內、外部二類。hiChannel內部利益關係者，包括負責統籌協調新媒體平臺的中華電信奧運專案辦公室（OPO）、實際落實規劃執行的數據通信分公司（HiNet）、內容整合商愛爾達科技（ELTA），和銷售廣告的中華黃頁（hiPage）；外部利益關係者，則納入協助規劃執行「奧運特派員」活動的凱絡媒體、廣告主、目標閱聽眾、媒體，和三網聯播合作夥伴PChome與MSN。本論文發現，跨部門組織OPO確實賦予hiChannel適切定位，也使本個案發揮良好整合角色。 其次，研究者在內容面向共檢視行銷團隊的「可控制」（controlled）和「不可控制」（uncontrolled）二類訊息；但主要側重前者。透過業者深度訪談，及內容分析主要網站規劃、網路廣告等針對廣告主和閱聽眾的行銷傳播素材、各階段報紙報導和公關稿（press release），發現不論hiChannel的「全頻道、全賽事、免費收視」整體訴求，及特派員活動強調的「hiChannel陪你看奧運 聊運動」訊息主軸，大致均能符合執行和策略一致等整合意涵。 而在通路面向，則綜整本個案各階段側重的行銷傳播工具組合及其考量，其中奧運期間強調的網路社群操作，即和特派員活動連結；整體而言，個案確實掌握各行銷傳播工具優勢，並能透過不同組合運用，初步發揮互補的整合效果。 另本論文將資料庫行銷的概念區分為特定和廣義二者。其中特定定義，主要指結合直效行銷或關係管理的資料庫行銷；至於廣義則指，只要能運用資料庫而有助後續行銷傳播計畫的擬定、執行。研究發現，本論文個案因奧運議題知名度和目標閱聽眾均甚廣等特性，從而並無特定資料庫行銷運用的必要；僅初步透過資料庫掌握收視輪廓和族群，並據此訴求廣告主或調整策略。研究者認為，資料庫行銷不僅和產業特性、資料可得等執行的軟硬體基礎條件有關，更重要的似乎還是企業對資料庫行銷的認知，甚至運用的必要性等層面。 最後，本論文結合個案行銷傳播目標和各分析章節內容，並扣連學者提出的稽核、障礙和層級概念，共同檢視hiChannel北京奧運轉播的結果面向。研究者發現，本個案實具備良好的整合行銷傳播內涵，並至少符合較低層次的整合層級。 / This study aims to explore how the Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) is applied to broadcast Beijing Olympic Games on hiChannel. The author, adopting case study methodology, tries to elucidate the context of webcasters and five significant pillars of IMC. These five distinct attributes are as follows: stakeholders, content, channels, database marketing and results. 9 depth interviews are conducted to understand how hiChannel planed and used the perspectives of five pillars of IMC. Also, via content analysis, all campaigning messages of on-line activities, the print media and press release are analyzed. The major concepts of each pillar of IMC are re-examined in this case study. The findings show that the team of hiChannel informs the controlled messages such as,“free to watch all channels, all games of Beijing Olympics” and “to watch and chat about all games of Beijing Olympics at the same time” to not only advertisers but target audience. Besides, the author finds that the team in order to accomplish the commercials, website page views and other what hiChannel desired in this case study, they conveyed both executional also strategic consistency through each channels, across all tools in substance, before and during the period of Beijing Olympic Games. Last but not least, the author also finds that because Olympic Games are renowned, and tend to attract broad target audience, there is no need for the application of database marketing. Moreover, this case study also leads us to rethink the use of database marketing and other four pillars of IMC according to industry characteristics and other qualifications.