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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
321

Influence des traits et troubles de personnalité sur l’intégration au travail de personnes aux prises avec un trouble mental grave

Fortin, Guillaume 12 1900 (has links)
Bien que le travail soit bénéfique et souhaité par une majorité de personnes aux prises avec un trouble mental grave (TMG), les études réalisées auprès de cette clientèle montrent des taux d’emploi d’environ 10 à 20%. Parmi les services visant le retour au travail, les programmes de soutien à l’emploi (PSE) se sont montrés les plus efficaces avec des taux de placement en emploi standard oscillant entre 50 et 60%, sans toutefois garantir le maintien en emploi. Plusieurs études ont tenté de cerner les déterminants de l’obtention et du maintien en emploi chez cette population sans toutefois s’intéresser à la personnalité, et ce, bien qu’elle soit reconnue depuis toujours comme un déterminant important du fonctionnement des individus. De plus, peu de questionnaires d’évaluation de la personnalité selon le modèle de la personnalité en cinq facteurs (FFM) ont été utilisés auprès d’une clientèle avec un TMG et ceux-ci ont montré des propriétés psychométriques ne respectant pas des normes reconnues et acceptées. Cette thèse porte sur les liens entre la personnalité et l’intégration au travail chez les personnes avec un TMG. La première partie vise la validation d’un outil de mesure de la personnalité selon le FFM afin de répondre aux objectifs de la deuxième partie de la thèse. À cet effet, deux échantillons ont été recrutés, soit 259 étudiants universitaires et 141 personnes avec un TMG. Des analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont mené au développement d’un nouveau questionnaire à 15 items (NEO-15) dont les indices d’ajustement, de cohérence interne et de validité convergente respectent les normes établies, ce qui en fait un questionnaire bien adapté à la mesure de la personnalité normale dans des contextes où le temps d’évaluation est limité. La deuxième partie présente les résultats d’une étude réalisée auprès de 82 personnes aux prises avec un TMG inscrites dans un PSE et visant à identifier les facteurs d’obtention et de maintien en emploi chez cette clientèle, particulièrement en ce qui concerne la contribution des éléments normaux et pathologiques de la personnalité. Les résultats de régressions logistiques et de régressions de Cox (analyses de survie) ont démontré que l’historique d’emploi, les symptômes négatifs et le niveau de pathologie de la personnalité étaient prédictifs de l’obtention d’un emploi standard et du délai avant l’obtention d’un tel emploi. Une autre série de régressions de Cox a pour sa part démontré que l’esprit consciencieux était le seul prédicteur significatif du maintien en emploi. Malgré certaines limites, particulièrement des tailles d’échantillons restreintes, ces résultats démontrent la pertinence et l’importance de tenir compte des éléments normaux et pathologiques de la personnalité dans le cadre d’études portant sur l’intégration au travail de personnes avec un TMG. De plus, cette thèse a permis de démontrer l’adéquation d’un nouvel instrument de mesure de la personnalité auprès de cette clientèle. Des avenues futures concernant la réintégration professionnelle et le traitement des personnes avec un TMG sont discutées à la lumière de ces résultats. / Although work is a central component of the recovery of individuals with a severe mental illness (SMI), studies have shown employment rates ranging from 10 to 20% among that population. Among different services aimed at integrating people with a SMI to the labour market, supported employment programs (SEP) are the most effective with 50 to 60% of their participants getting a competitive employment, without however offering job tenure. Several studies have investigated which factors impact job acquisition and tenure among that population but personality has never been considered, although it has been recognized as an important determinant of functioning. Furthermore, few questionnaires aiming at evaluating personality according to the Five-Factor Model of personality (FFM) have been used with a SMI population and those questionnaires have demonstrated psychometric properties that do not satisfy commonly accepted and recognized criteria. This thesis focuses on the link between personality and work integration of people with a SMI. The first part aims at validating a personality questionnaire according to the FFM in order to achieve the objectives of the second part of the thesis. For this purpose, two samples were recruited: one of 259 university students and one of 141 people with a SMI. Confirmatory factor analyses led to the development of a new 15-item questionnaire (NEO-15) presenting with strong fit indices, internal consistency and convergent validity, which makes it well suited to measure normal personality in time-limited settings. The second part of this thesis presents the results of a study conducted with 82 people with a SMI enrolled in a SEP and aiming at investigating which variables predict job acquisition and tenure, with a special focus on normal and pathological personality variables. Results from logistic regressions and Cox regressions (survival analyses) demonstrated that prior employment, negative symptoms and level of pathological personality were predictive of competitive employment acquisition and delay to such acquisition. Additional series of Cox regressions showed that tenure of a competitive job was only predicted by conscientiousness. Although presenting some limits, restricted sample sizes in particular, our results demonstrate the relevance and the importance of considering normal and pathological personality in studies on work outcomes of people with a SMI. Furthermore, this thesis revealed the suitability of a new personality questionnaire to the SMI population. Future directions regarding the work integration and treatment of people with SMI considering these results are discussed.
322

Big Five Personality Traits, Pathological Personality Traits, and Psychological Dysregulation: Predicting Aggression and Antisocial Behaviors in Detained Adolescents

Lau, Katherine S. L. 20 December 2013 (has links)
This study tested the utility of three different models of personality, namely the social and personality model, the pathological personality traits model, and the psychological dysregulation model, in predicting overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency in a sample of detained boys (ages 12 to 18; M age = 15.31; SD = 1.16). Results indicated that the three personality approaches demonstrated different unique associations with aggression and delinquency. The psychological dysregulation approach, composed of behavioral dysregulation, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive dysregulation, emerged as the overall best predictor of overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency. After controlling for the Big Five personality traits, psychological dysregulation accounted for significant variance in overt aggression and delinquency, but not relational aggression. After controlling for callous-unemotional traits and narcissistic traits, psychological dysregulation also accounted for significant variance in overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency. Psychological dysregulation did not account for significant variance in aggression or delinquency after controlling for borderline traits. The pathological personality traits approach, comprised of callous-unemotional traits, narcissistic traits, and borderline traits performed second best. In particular, within this approach borderline traits accounted for the most unique variance, followed by narcissistic traits, then callous-unemotional traits. Borderline traits accounted for significant variance in overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency when controlling for the Big Five traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. Narcissistic traits only accounted for significant variance in overt aggression and relational aggression after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. CU traits only accounted for significant variance in overt aggression after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. The social and personality model, represented by the Big Five personality traits accounted for the least amount of variance in the prediction of aggression and delinquency, on its own, and when pitted against the other two personality approaches. The exception was that the Big Five personality traits accounted for significant variance in relational aggression beyond narcissistic traits, as well as psychological dysregulation. These findings have implications for assessment and intervention with aggressive and antisocial youth.
323

The relationship between procrastination and academic achievement of high school learners in North West province, South Africa / Procrastination and academic achievement

Joubert, Charine Petronella 02 1900 (has links)
The present study explored whether a significant relationship exists between academic procrastination and academic achievement in high school learners within South Africa. It furthermore examined whether certain personality traits of individuals are more prone to procrastination than others. It lastly investigated the relationships between gender and academic procrastination, age and academic procrastination, number of siblings and academic procrastination; and area of residence and academic procrastination. The research sample consisted of 349 high school learners aged between 12 and 19 years old (n=167 male, n=180 female, n=2 gender not disclosed). Data was collected by means of the Personal Information Questionnaire (PIQ), the Tuckman Procrastination Scale (TPS) and the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). A significant negative correlation was found between procrastination and academic achievement. The correlations between procrastination and gender, age, area of residence and number of siblings respectively were not significant. Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability were both found to be significantly negatively related to procrastination, however, the relations between procrastination and Extraversion and Agreeableness respectively were not significant. An anomaly found in the present study was the negative relation between procrastination and Openness to Experience, and it is postulated that this finding may be due to the TIPI’s inability to measure the individual facets of each Big Five Factor domain or that it could be ascribed to the need for cognition. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)
324

An investigation into the relationship between certain personality traits and job satisfaction: a case of selected employees in the Eastern Cape Province

Mhlanga, Tatenda Shaleen January 2012 (has links)
There is relatively little research based on the Big Five personality dimensions and job satisfaction and the relationship thereof. Job satisfaction of employees is a good indication of organizational effectiveness and is influenced by organizational and dispositional factors. The fundamental nature of the dispositional approach is that individuals have stable traits that significantly influence their affective and behavioral reactions to organizational settings. The general objective of this study was to determine the relationship between personality dimensions and job satisfaction of bank employees. A quantitative design was used in the empirical study. The sample consisted of 126 bank employees. The current research found that employees who are high in openness, conscientiousness and low in neuroticism tend to be more satisfied with their job. Agreeableness personality did not have a significant relationship with job satisfaction, while employees with high levels of extraversion had negative significant correlation with job satisfaction. However, overall personality dimensions explained relatively small percentages in the variance of job satisfaction. The findings will aid management institutions in selecting, and retaining employees as higher job satisfaction is linked to higher levels of productivity, effectiveness and commitment. Key words: extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, job satisfaction, bank employees.
325

Playing mind gamification : Theoretical evidence of addictive nature of gamification and identification of addictive game elements used in mobile application design

Abbasi, Bushra Qazi, Awais, Samrah January 2022 (has links)
Gamification is a modern concept that makes physical and digital activities engaging and enjoyable just like games. Game elements are added to mobile applications for user retention and engagement. One of the dark sides of gamification i.e., addiction is explored in this novel study in the context of mobile application design. It uses a mixed-method approach to lay the foundation of the relation between gamification and Smartphone Addiction, which is critically explained in a limited literature review using existing theories and studies on gamification. Interviews with behavioral experts confirm the psychological aspects of the research. The study also identifies game elements that contribute to smartphone addiction by a survey analysis of 269 participants. Results reveal Scrolling and Tapping as most addictive game elements. Some elements also show a statistically significant relationship with daily smartphone usage in hours. There are many effective applications of gamification, and in the context of mobile application design, it indeed helps to increase user engagement, however, there is an ethical need to reflect on what the exaggerated form of this engagement can lead to. As future research, a longitudinal study and experiments are suggested to find out this relationship with the use of empirical data.
326

The Influence of Personality Traits and Individual Beliefs on Task Persistence

Elliott, Alexis Shae 19 January 2023 (has links)
No description available.
327

Исследование личностных предикторов непрерывного обучения у профессионалов в зрелом возрасте : магистерская диссертация / Research on the personality predictors of lifelong learning in adulthood

Унесихина, В. А., Unesikhina, V. A. January 2019 (has links)
Обучение в течение всей жизни – пространство развития каждого человека, в связи с этим следует обратиться к данной теме с точки зрения психологических предпосылок. Обучение в разных формах понимается не только как социальная, профессионально-значимая функция, но и как атрибут личностного здоровья. Какая именно черта характера формирует потребность учиться у зрелого человека или препятствует этому? Изучается взаимосвязь выделенных переменных опросника «Оценка готовности к непрерывному обучению» со шкалами методик Баднера (толерантность к неопределенности) и Гослинга (открытость опыту, добросовестность, эмоциональная стабильность, экстравертность и дружелюбие). В онлайн-опросе приняли участие 65 человек в возрасте 40-55 лет со стажем работы не менее 10 лет. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка литературы (104 источника) и приложений, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся методик, данные по ранним исследованиям. Объем магистерской диссертации без приложений составляет 97 страниц, на которых размещены 29 рисунков и 6 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется основная и конкретизирующие гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме исследования: описание основных понятий и их характеристики. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая и третья главы посвящены эмпирической части исследования. В них представлено описание хода исследования и интерпретация полученных результатов. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования. В заключении показано, что наиболее тесно готовность к обучению в течение всей жизни связана с экстравертностью, открытостью опыту и дружелюбием. / Lifelong learning sustains an ongoing personal development and it should be analyzed with regard to its psychological premises. Any form of education not only enhances person's social and professional integration but also fosters his or her personal fulfillment and health. What personality trait forms or suppresses eagerness to learn at mature age? In this article we study the correlation between selected variables from «Life Long Learning Inventory» questionnaire and «Tolerance of ambiguity scale» developed by S.Budner (tolerance of ambiguity – novelty, complexity, or insolubility) and Ten-Item Personality Inventory-(TIPI) by S.D.Gosling (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experiences). 65 respondents at the age between 40 and 55 having over 10 years of work experience participated in the online questionnaire. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, a list of literature (104 sources) and applications, including forms of applied techniques, the classifier of associative connections, early research data. The volume of the master's thesis is 97 pages, on which are placed 29 figures and 6 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, the purpose and objectives of the research, the object and subject of the research, the main hypothesis are formulated, the methods and the empirical base are specified. The first chapter include a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the study: a description of the basic concepts and their characteristics. The first chapter include a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the study. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The two and three chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. On the basis of the obtained data, the developed models of intelligence and performance are demonstrated. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study. The results of our research demonstrate that readiness to acquire new knowledge at mature age is closely connected to extroversion, openness to experience and agreeableness.
328

THEORY OF AUTOMATICITY IN CONSTRUCTION

Ikechukwu Sylvester Onuchukwu (17469117) 30 November 2023 (has links)
<p dir="ltr">Automaticity, an essential attribute of skill, is developed when a task is executed repeatedly with minimal attention and can have both good (e.g., productivity, skill acquisitions) and bad (e.g., accident involvement) implications on workers’ performance. However, the implications of automaticity in construction are unknown despite their significance. To address this knowledge gap, this research aimed to examine methods that are indicative of the development of automaticity on construction sites and its implications on construction safety and productivity. The objectives of the dissertation include: 1) examining the development of automaticity during the repetitive execution of a primary task of roofing construction and a concurrent secondary task (a computer-generated audio-spatial processing task) to measure attentional resources; 2) using eye-tracking metrics to distinguish between automatic and nonautomatic subjects and determine the significant factors contributing to the odds of automatic behavior; 3) determining which personal characteristics (such as personality traits and mindfulness dimensions) better explain the variability in the attention of workers while developing automaticity. To achieve this objective, 28 subjects were recruited to take part in a longitudinal study involving a total of 22 repetitive sessions of a simulated roofing task. The task involves the installation of 17 pieces of 25 ft2 shingles on a low-sloped roof model that was 8 ft wide, 8 ft long, and 4 ft high for one month in a laboratory. The collected data was analyzed using multiple statistical and data mining techniques such as repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA), pairwise comparisons, principal component analysis (PCA), support vector machine (SVM), binary logistic regression (BLR), relative weight analyses (RWA), and advanced bootstrapping techniques to address the research questions. First, the findings showed that as the experiment progressed, there were significant improvements in the mean automatic performance measures such as the mean primary task duration, mean primary task accuracy, and mean secondary task score over the repeated measurements (p-value < 0.05). These findings were used to demonstrate that automaticity develops during repetitive construction activities. This is because these automatic performance measures provide an index for assessing feature-based changes that are synonymous with automaticity development. Second, this study successfully used supervised machine learning methods including SVM to classify subjects (with an accuracy of 76.8%) based on their eye-tracking data into automatic and nonautomatic states. Also, BLR was used to estimate the probability of exhibiting automaticity based on eye-tracking metrics and ascertain the variables significantly contributing to it. Eye-tracking variables collected towards safety harness and anchor, hammer, and work area AOIs were found to be significant predictors (p < 0.05) of the probability of exhibiting automatic behavior. Third, the results revealed that higher levels of agreeableness significantly impact increased levels of change in attention to productivity-related cues during automatic behavior. Additionally, higher levels of nonreactivity to inner experience significantly reduce the changes in attention to safety-related AOIs while developing automaticity. The findings of this study provide metrics to assess training effectiveness. The findings of this study can be used by practitioners to better understand the positive and negative consequences of developing automaticity, measure workers’ performance more accurately, assess training effectiveness, and personalize learning for workers. In long term, the findings of this study will also aid in improving human-AI teaming since the AI will be better able to understand the cognitive state of its human counterpart and can more precisely adapt to him or her.</p>
329

Steigerung selbstregulierten Lernens durch computerbasiertes Feedback beim Erwerb von Experimentierkompetenz im Fach Biologie / Individually adapted computerbased feedback for supporting self-regulated learning processes in school-age children / A computer-based learning program developed to help pupils practice strategies of controlling experimental variables.

Lange, Silke Dorothee 31 October 2012 (has links)
Feedback ist ein wichtiger Faktor für erfolgreiches Lernen – vorausgesetzt, dass es rich-tig eingesetzt wird (Hattie & Timperley, 2007). Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn es um den Erwerb neuer Kompetenzen geht. Die vorliegende Studie soll dazu beitragen, eine empirisch begründete kompetenzorientierte Brücke zwischen dem Konzept des negativen Wissens (Oser & Spychiger, 2005) und psychologischen Theorien zum Thema Feedback als Instruktionsmethode im Rahmen des selbstregulierten Lernens bei Schülern zu bilden und dazu anregen, den selbstregulierten Lernprozess von Schülern durch individuell angepasstes Feedback zu fördern. Dazu wurden zwei Hypothesen expliziert: Zum einen, dass Lernende, die Feedback über die konkrete Lokalisation des Fehlers erhalten, die dargebotenen Biologieaufgaben besser lösen können (prozessbezogene methodische Kompetenzen), als Lernende, die auf einer Metaebene eine Begründung für die Ursache des Fehlers in Kombination mit einer Frage zur kognitiven Aktivierung erhalten haben. Zum anderen, dass auf der im Rahmen der Intervention nicht trainierten strategischer Ebene das Feedback mit kognitiver Aktivierung effektiver ist. Um diese Hypothesen zu prüfen, wurde der Einfluss zweier Feedbackvarianten untersucht. In einem 2x2 Prä-Post-Test Design wurden dazu die Feedbackvarianten „Lokalisation des Fehlers“ und „Begründung des Fehlers mit kognitiver Aktivierung“ einzeln oder in Kombination einer Kontrollbedingung ohne Feedback gegenüber gestellt. Lernende der 7. Klasse bearbeiteten im Rahmen von zwei Doppelstunden ein webbasiertes interaktives Lernprogramm zum Thema „Experimentieren“. Die darin enthaltenen Multiple-Choice-Aufgaben (Hammann, 2007) umfassten die für das Experimentieren einschlägigen Kompetenzbereiche „Suche im Hypothesenraum“, „Testen von Hypothesen“ und „Analyse von Evidenzen“ (Klahr, 2000). Als abhängige Variablen haben wir jeweils in einer Prä-Post-Test-Messung den Zuwachs an prozessbezogenen methodischen Kompetenzen (operationalisiert über die korrekte Lösung der verwendeten Biologie-Aufgaben) und den strategischen Lernzuwachs (operationalisiert über die Bearbeitung des EEST-2, Marschner, 2010) untersucht. Um den möglichen Einfluss individueller Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Transferwirksamkeit des erworbenen Wissens zu erheben, wurden auch Daten zu Intelligenz, Persönlichkeitsfaktoren, zum Umgang mit Fehlern, zur Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und zum selbstregulierten Lernen erhoben. Durch die Bearbeitung des Lernprogramms konnten die getesteten Schüler (N=355) über alle Versuchsgruppen hinweg signifikante Lernzuwächse auf der im Rahmen der Intervention trainierten Aufgabeneben (prozessbezogene methodische Kompetenzen) erzielen, nicht aber auf der nicht trainierten strategischen Ebene. Die verschiedenen Feedbackarten hatten jedoch keinen Einfluss auf den Lernzuwachs der untersuchten Stichprobe. Auf strategischer Ebene konnte sogar eine Verschlechterung des Ergebnisses vom Prä- zum Posttest beobachtet werden. Dieses könnte darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass die metakognitive Entwicklung der getesteten Schüler noch nicht ausgereift genug war, um das Feedback auf der intendierten Ebene verarbeiten zu können. In der Diskussion dieser Arbeit wird das Konzept des negativen Wissens (Oser & Spychiger, 2005) theoretisch mit den Ergebnissen aus der kognitionspsychologischen Forschung verknüpft und aufgezeigt, welche Parallelen zwischen diesen beiden Ansätzen bestehen. Die für diese Studie konzipierte computerbasierte Lerneinheit hat sich in der Praxis zur Einübung der Variablenkontrollstrategie bei Lehramtsstudierenden bewährt.

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