Writer Jorge de Montemayor wrote in the Spanish 16th century. History of literature is mainly interested in his last book Los siete libros de la Diana (The Seven Books of Diana) which is traditionally called the first pastoral romance written in the Iberian Peninsula. Concurrently, most studies explain the book from the same perspective, which works with the big artistic period (Renaissance) and artistic genre (the pastoral romance). If we focus on Jorge de Montemayor's book from a different view - which is connected with period situation (problems of converso, the Inquisition, the heterodoxy's opinions or book censorship) and which takes the author's previous texts in consideration - we are able to reread his work. This thesis seeks to use ideas coming from New Historicism. Using period situation Montemayor's texts set out to explain that Los siete libros de la Diana is closer to the spiritual way of mysticism than to literary form such as the pastoral romance.

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Réalisé en co-tutelle avec l'Université Paul-Valéry-Montpellier III. / Quels sont les liens entre le renforcement du pouvoir monarchique, d’évolution des méthodes de prédication et la persistance des identités religieuses minoritaires? Au XVIe siècle, les vieux chrétiens d’Espagne ont fait des efforts considérables pour convertir tous les infidèles à la foi catholique. Après avoir contraints les musulmans d’Espagne à se faire baptiser, ils tentèrent de les amener à adhérer « de cœur » à la foi catholique et à se comporter en bons chrétiens. Pour cela, ils eurent recours tant à la persécution qu’à la prédication. Si les historiens ont déjà bien étudié la persécution, notre connaissance des campagnes de prédication demeurait parcellaire. Cette thèse se propose d’y remédier en étudiant les méthodes d’évangélisation des Morisques valenciens entre 1492et 1570. Pour y parvenir, cette thèse étudie les manuels publiés pour soutenir l’effort missionnaire tout au long du siècle. Elle propose que les méthodes d’évangélisation des prédicateurs ont évolué d’une période privilégiant les arguments polémiques à une période mettant l’accent sur l’instruction catéchétique. Ce faisant, les méthodes employées ont mis davantage l’accent sur la responsabilité des Morisques dans le processus de leur propre conversion, plutôt que sur la responsabilité reposant sur le prédicateur de les convaincre d’adhérer au catholicisme. Nous avons ainsi constaté que le passage à ce que nous avons qualifié de « période catéchétique » correspond à l’augmentation en intensité des persécutions. En étudiant les campagnes de prédication dans le royaume de Valence, cette thèse reconstitue les situations où les manuels de polémique (les « antialcorans ») et les catéchismes étaient utilisés. Elle montre comment les méthodes des prédicateurs étaient déterminées par les cadres institutionnels établis. Le passage de la polémique au catéchisme a été guidé en partie par le contexte européen de la réforme, qui incitait à bannir la polémique religieuse en langue vernaculaire et à catéchiser les populations, et en partie par les enjeux sécuritaires qui faisaient craindre toute révolte des Morisques. Les prédicateurs furent ainsi incités à faire preuve le plus souvent de discrétion. Par ailleurs, les campagnes ont considérablement été handicapées par la contradiction qu’il y avait à considérer les Morisques à la fois comme des musulmans qu’il fallait convaincre, des nouveaux convertis qu’il fallait instruire et des mauvais chrétiens qui devraient être châtiés. En conclusion, la thèse propose une redéfinition du concept d’intégration qui soit adaptée à la réalité de l’histoire morisque et suggère des explications pour comprendre comment les dynamiques disciplinaires de la Monarchie catholique espagnole ont favorisé le repli des Morisques sur leur ethnicité. / What links are there amongst the reinforcement of monarchical power, the evolution in methods of preaching, and the persistence of minority religious identities? In the XIVth century, the old Christians of Spain made considerable efforts to convert infidels to the catholic faith. After having pressured the muslims of Spain into being baptized, they attempted to open their hearts to the catholic faith and to behave like good christians. In order to do this, they had recourse as much to persecution as to preaching. While persecution has been well studied by historians, our understanding of preaching remains fragmented. This thesis seeks to remedy this by studying methods of evangelizing Valencian Moors between 1492 and 1570. In order to do so, this thesis studies the published manuals used in support of missionary efforts over the course of the century. It suggests that the evangelizing methods of preachers evolved out of a period privileging polemical argumentation over catechetical instruction. The methods used thus focussed primarily on encouraging Moors to take responsibility for their own conversion, rather than placing responsibility with the preacher to convince them to embrace Catholicism. We therefore observe that the transition to what we call the “Catechetical period” corresponds to an increase in the intensity of persecution. In studying preaching campaigns in the kingdom of Valencia, this thesis reconstructs the contexts in which these polemical manuals (“antialcorans”) and Catechisms were utilized. It shows how preaching methods were shaped by their institutional contexts. The transition from polemics to Catechism was guided in part by European reforms that sought to banish religious polemics in the vernacular and to catechize populations, and in part by security concerns and fear that that the Moors would revolt. Preachers were thus encouraged to use discretion. However, these campaigns were considerably crippled by the contradictions that lay in considering Moors at once as Muslims to be converted, new converts in need of instruction, and bad Christians to be punished. The thesis concludes by proposing a redefinition of the concept of integration, adapted to the reality of Moorish history and offers explanations in order understand how the disciplinary dynamics of the Spanish Catholic Monarchy encouraged Moors to fallback on their ethnicity.

This thesis deals with the personality and life of the Tuscan Renaissance scientist Galileo Galilei, a time in which he lived, and his relationship with the Catholic Church. The aim of the thesis is to acquaint the reader with the life of Galileo Galilei and Renaissance society, and thus capture important moments and influences that shaped Galileo's personality and life orientation. The thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first part deals with the Renaissance period and the related European Reformation. It focuses on the Renaissance in Italy, then education, religious situation and seeing the world. The second chapter is dedicated to Galileo's biography, with regard to his work and then researchers who were with Galileo joint activity. The last part refers to the religious situation of 16th to 17th century, considering the Council of Trent, the Roman Inquisition and the cosmology of how the people regarded it in antiquity and later the Catholic Church and scientists in the early modern period. This part especially illustrates the conflict Galileo and the Church. It describes the reasons of the conflict, the trial of Galileo and the consequences that flowed from it. The thesis is supplemented with events after Galileo's death. The conclusion summarizes the most important influences that...

O objetivo da presente dissertação é a transcrição semidiplomática e análise filológica de um processo inquisitorial aberto pela Justiça Eclesiástica paulista, no ano de 1754, em Jundiaí, no qual as rés, Thereza Leyte e Escholastica Pinta da Silva (mãe e filha) são acusadas de matar o primeiro marido de Escholastica utilizando-se de feitiços, de matarem outros homens e de terem pacto com o demônio. A pesquisa procura também contribuir para elucidar o modo pelo qual o Tribunal do Santo Ofício agiu na Europa e na América portuguesa, buscando esclarecer sua atuação no Brasil colonial. Além disso, é apresentado um estudo codicológico e paleográfico da documentação, abordando aspectos relacionados ao papel utilizado, às tintas, às abreviaturas e a outros aspectos relacionados à escrita da língua portuguesa no século XVIII. Ao final do trabalho, é apresentada a transcrição semidiplomática da documentação, juntamente com os fac-símiles dos manuscritos originais. / The present thesis aims to offer the semidiplomatic transcription and philological analysis of an inquisitorial lawsuit started by the Ecclesiastical Court from São Paulo, in 1754, in Jundiaí, in which the defendants, Thereza Leyte and Escholastica Pinta da Sylva (mother and daughter), are accused of killing Escholasticas first husband by means of witchcraft. They are also accused of killing other men and of having a pact with the devil. The research also seeks to contribute to elucidate the means through which the Holy Office acted in Europe and in Portuguese America, with the objective of enlightening its actuation in colonial Brazil. Furthermore, a codicological and paleographic study of the documentation is presented, approaching aspects related to the paper used, the inks, the abbreviation system and other aspects related to the Portuguese language writing in the 18th century. At the end of the paper, the semidiplomatic transcription is presented along with the facsimiles of the original manuscripts.

Este trabalho aborda, em uma visão de conjunto, as prisões realizadas pelo Tribunal do Santo Ofício da Inquisição Portuguesa contra doze cristãos-novos pertencentes à linhagem familiar dos Calaças, acusados de observarem a religião judaica. Por meio da reconstituição das trajetórias dos réus inseridos neste tronco parental, analisa-se a perseguição inquisitorial contra o grupo a partir de dois pressupostos: o desmantelamento dos laços familiares e os variados graus de vinculação à tradição sefardita. Os cenários da trama histórica são a cidade portuguesa de Elvas, em meados do século XVII, e o Rio de Janeiro no início do século XVIII, as duas ocasiões em que os Calaças são enviados aos cárceres do tribunal da fé, em meio a ondas de prisões que superam seu universo familiar. A tese pretende contribuir para a compreensão dos laços que uniam os cristãos-novos entre si e os limites da solidez desses vínculos, tomando como ponto de partida a perspectiva familiar. São privilegiadas as fontes inquisitoriais, em especial os processos contra os Calaças encarcerados, além de outros documentos produzidos no âmbito do tribunal da fé. Contudo, empregam-se também fontes primárias externas à instituição, como textos coevos críticos à limpeza de sangue, registros notariais e legislações, de modo a estender o horizonte analítico da pesquisa. / This paper addresses, in an overview, the arrests carried out by the Court of the Holy Office of the Portuguese Inquisition against twelve new Christians belonging to the family lineage of Calaças, charged with observing the Jewish religion. Through the reconstitution of the trajectories of the defendants inserted into this parental trunk, we analyze the inquisitorial persecution against the group from two assumptions: the dismantling of family ties and the varying degrees of Sephardic tradition binding. The historical plot scenarios are the Portuguese city of Elvas, in the mid-17th century, and Rio de Janeiro in the early 18th century, the two occasions when the Calaças are sent to prisons of Tribunal of the Faith, amid the waves of arrests that exceed the family universe. The thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the ties that bound the new Christians and the limits of strength of these bonds, taking as a starting point the familiar perspective. The inquisitorial sources are privileged, in particular, the lawsuits against Calaças imprisoned, as well as other documents produced in the context of Tribunal of the Faith. However, we also employ primary sources external to the institution, such as coeval critical texts to cleaning of blood, notarial records and laws, so as to extend the horizon of analytical research.

Nesta tese estudamos as redes de comércio compostas pelos cristãos novos portugueses em um período particular da Época Moderna: durante a União Ibérica (1580-1640). Na primeira parte do trabalho conectamos as redes de comércio com duas problemáticas: a da identidade cristã nova e a da relação ente cristãos novos, Inquisição e Coroa espanhola. Nesse sentido, salientamos as estratégias dos homens de negócios e cristãos novos portugueses frente às tensões geradas pela perseguição inquisitorial e os estatutos de limpeza de sangue. Na segunda parte do trabalho estudamos um caso exemplar das conexões e tensões mencionadas acima: a história da rede familiar de António Fernandes dElvas, homem de negócio e cristãos novo português, mercador e traficante de escravos, que atuava no Mundo Ibérico, em especial no comércio ultramarino. Nesta tese consideramos que havia uma relação de reciprocidade entre a identidade cristã nova influenciava na organização dos cristãos novos em redes de comércio e essas, por sua vez, que reforçavam a identidade. / This thesis focuses on the Portuguese New Christians commercial networks in a specific period of the Modern Ages: the Iberian Union (1580-1640). The first part of this work connects the trade networks with two major issues: the new Christian identity, and the relationship between New Christians, the Inquisition and the Spanish Crown. Accordingly, the study emphasizes the strategies of businessmen and Portuguese New Christians in face of the tensions generated by inquisitorial persecution and the statutes of \"purity of blood\". The second part of this work analyzes an exemplary case of the connections and tensions above mentioned: the story of António Fernandes d\'Elvas and his family network. A business man and Portuguese New Christian, dElvas was a merchant and slave trader in the Iberian world, especially in overseas trade. This thesis considers that there was a reciprocal relationship between the New Christian identity and the organization of New Christians trade networks, in which the identity influenciated the organization of the trades and the trades reinforced the identity.

This work deals with the trajectory of the intellectual life of a new Christian, centered in the cities of Porto, where he was born, from Amsterdam to where he lived and Hamburg where he lived for some years, observing to what extent the influences in those places where he was, were indispensable for His alternation of thought to the end of his life. The chronological period that delimits our study is from 1580 to 1640, understood as the Philippine period and the Iberian Union in which Spain and Portugal were under the rule of a single crown, but also five decades after the creation of the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, Focusing basically on the Jewish question. The research was centered in a documentation already explored, but also of some processes that complement our understanding about the subject and bringing an original interpretation, which gives account of explaining its alternation or evolution of thought. We also analyze the Christian-New element embedded in a vast Region, to the north of Europe in century XVII. The research allowed us to follow the development of Uriel da Costa and of the new Christians in the interior and exterior of Portugal, through the denunciations and the processes it was possible to perceive with what intensity Criptojudaismo was observed in Porto even with the threat of the vigilance maintained by the Inquisition. / Este trabalho trata da trajetória da vida intelectual de um cristão-novo, centrada a partir das cidades do Porto, onde nasceu, de Amsterdam, para onde expatriou e Hamburgo, onde morou por alguns anos; observando até que ponto as influências nesses lugares por onde esteve, foram imprescindíveis para a sua alternância de pensamento até o término de sua vida. O período cronológico que delimita nosso estudo é de 1580-1640, compreendido como o período Filipino e da União Ibérica em que Espanha e Portugal estavam sob o domínio de uma só coroa, mas também cinco décadas após a criação do Tribunal do Santo Ofício da Inquisição, enfocando basicamente a questão judaica. A pesquisa está baseada em uma documentação já explorada, mas, também de alguns processos que complementaram nosso entendimento acerca do tema e trazendo uma nova interpretação, haja vista, que dá conta de explicar a sua alternância ou evolução de pensamento a partir das paisagens culturais. Também analisamos o elemento cristão-novo inserido em uma vasta Região ao Norte da Europa no século XVII. A pesquisa nos permitiu acompanhar o desenvolvimento de Uriel da Costa e dos cristãos-novos no interior e exterior de Portugal. Através das denúncias e dos processos, foi possível perceber com que intensidade o Criptojudaismo se deu no Porto, mesmo com a ameaça da vigilância mantida pela Inquisição. / São Cristóvão, SE

Este trabalho aborda, em uma visão de conjunto, as prisões realizadas pelo Tribunal do Santo Ofício da Inquisição Portuguesa contra doze cristãos-novos pertencentes à linhagem familiar dos Calaças, acusados de observarem a religião judaica. Por meio da reconstituição das trajetórias dos réus inseridos neste tronco parental, analisa-se a perseguição inquisitorial contra o grupo a partir de dois pressupostos: o desmantelamento dos laços familiares e os variados graus de vinculação à tradição sefardita. Os cenários da trama histórica são a cidade portuguesa de Elvas, em meados do século XVII, e o Rio de Janeiro no início do século XVIII, as duas ocasiões em que os Calaças são enviados aos cárceres do tribunal da fé, em meio a ondas de prisões que superam seu universo familiar. A tese pretende contribuir para a compreensão dos laços que uniam os cristãos-novos entre si e os limites da solidez desses vínculos, tomando como ponto de partida a perspectiva familiar. São privilegiadas as fontes inquisitoriais, em especial os processos contra os Calaças encarcerados, além de outros documentos produzidos no âmbito do tribunal da fé. Contudo, empregam-se também fontes primárias externas à instituição, como textos coevos críticos à limpeza de sangue, registros notariais e legislações, de modo a estender o horizonte analítico da pesquisa. / This paper addresses, in an overview, the arrests carried out by the Court of the Holy Office of the Portuguese Inquisition against twelve new Christians belonging to the family lineage of Calaças, charged with observing the Jewish religion. Through the reconstitution of the trajectories of the defendants inserted into this parental trunk, we analyze the inquisitorial persecution against the group from two assumptions: the dismantling of family ties and the varying degrees of Sephardic tradition binding. The historical plot scenarios are the Portuguese city of Elvas, in the mid-17th century, and Rio de Janeiro in the early 18th century, the two occasions when the Calaças are sent to prisons of Tribunal of the Faith, amid the waves of arrests that exceed the family universe. The thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the ties that bound the new Christians and the limits of strength of these bonds, taking as a starting point the familiar perspective. The inquisitorial sources are privileged, in particular, the lawsuits against Calaças imprisoned, as well as other documents produced in the context of Tribunal of the Faith. However, we also employ primary sources external to the institution, such as coeval critical texts to cleaning of blood, notarial records and laws, so as to extend the horizon of analytical research.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maria olindina.pdf: 2020288 bytes, checksum: 3720f6f7c3ee2ce2eea2597f1ae0078f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-02 / Study on the proceedings of the Court of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in the State of Maranhão e Grão-Pará from the seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries. In this paper, we analyze the proceedings of the Inquisition in Portuguese Amazonia, focusing especially on the nature of the offenses practiced by the regional population and on the proceedings of the Court and its contribution to the regional policies of the Pombaline era, based on the study of the inquisitorial trials of Indians, negroes and mestizos, during the Visitation period of 1763 to 1773. / Estudo sobre a atuação do Tribunal do Santo Ofício da Inquisição no Estado do Maranhão e Grão-Pará desde o século XVII até o XIX. O objetivo do trabalho é de analisar a ação da Inquisição na Amazônia portuguesa, no que diz respeito à natureza dos delitos praticados pela população da região. Em especial, analisa a atuação do Tribunal e sua contribuição com a política pombalina para a região, a partir do estudo de processos inquisitoriais referentes a índios, negros e mestiços, pertencentes ao período da Visitação de 1763 a 1773.