Inserida nos estudos da Germanística Interdisciplinar no Brasil, a presente dissertação, A experiência do estranho no romance Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge, de Rainer Maria Rilke, tem como objetivo analisar na mencionada obra literária, considerada o primeiro romance moderno em língua alemã do século XX, o conceito do estranho. Os diversos elementos ficcionais que compõem cada um de seus setenta e um fragmentos permitem ao protagonista-narrador, Malte Laurids Brigge, ter acesso à abrangente configuração da semântica do estranho que se apresenta aqui por meio de três vertentes: a experiência de vida em uma metrópole estrangeira com a qual ele não se identifica, mas que, dialeticamente, lhe serve como uma ponte para a descoberta de seu mundo interior; a revelação de recordações de sua infância, até então não manifestadas, e regidas por acontecimentos particulares que reconstituem a busca precoce por sua identidade; e a afirmação de seu Eu através de leituras de narrativas alheias que projetam camufladamente sua identidade. Com esse conjunto semântico multifacetário, Rilke logra articular com a experiência do estranho diversas possibilidades e tentativas de Malte Laurids Brigge em buscar e redefinir sua identidade. / Inscribed within Interdisciplinary Germanic Studies in Brazil, the objective of this thesis, The Foreigners/Stranger´s Experience in Rainer Maria Rilkes Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge, is to analyze the concept of the foreigner/stranger in said text, considered to be the German languages first 20th Century modern novel. The diverse fictional elements comprising each one of the seventy one fragments of the work grant the central character/narrator access to the configuration of the semantics of the foreigner, presented in three strains: the experience of living in a foreign metropolis with which he does not identify yet serves him as a bridge to discovering an inner world in dialectic terms; the revelation of memories not manifested during his childhood and governed by particular occurrences that reconstruct his search for identity; and the projection of his ego through readings of narratives by others. With this group of elements and by way of the foreigners experience, Rilke manages to articulate the most diverse possibilities of Malte Laurids Grigges search for identity.

This work deals with the question whether the way one understands his strangeness can influence possibility of integrating migrants into the majority. The work presents some theories of personal and ethnical identity in the tradition of social constructivism. In these theories the identity is usually constructed in the opposition to strange or other, but can strange or other be the basis for the construction of one's identity? This problem is approached from the stand point of the basic sociological theories of stranger (Simmel, Schütz, Park, Siu, Bauman). Based on these theories this work argues that stranger can be an identity. The following analysis of in-depth interviews shows if and how is identity of stranger manifested in everyday life of migrants.

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The purposes of this study were threefold: 1.) to duplicate previous studies by demonstrating differences in victim blame attribution, minimization of rape, and degree of excusing the perpetrator between homosexual and heterosexual victims; 2.) determine if similar patterns will be shown with male victims as with female victims in the demonstration of rape myths when the victim and perpetrator are acquainted or strangers; and 3.) test the mediation effect of homophobia on perceptions of male rape victims. 119 university students participated. Participants read a scenario in which a homosexual or heterosexual was raped by a male stranger or acquaintance. Participants then answered questions judging the seriousness of the attack and the degree of responsibility held by the victim and perpetrator. Participants also answered questions measuring their homophobic and traditional gender role beliefs. Significant differences were found between the male and female participants in victim blame attribution and rape minimization. Significant differences were also found in the amount of blame attributed to the victim and perceived seriousness of the attack between stranger and acquaintance rape for heterosexual victims, and the degree of rape minimization between heterosexual and homosexual victims of acquaintance rape. Homophobia and gender role traditionality were not found to be mediating variables in predicting victim blame attribution, degree of rape minimization, or degree of excusing the perpetrator. This study expands the current literature by examining the effects of the victim-perpetrator relationship in perceptions of male rape victims, as well as adding to the vast amount of literature suggesting that sexual orientation plays a role in how one views a male rape victim.

Denna uppsats syftar till att analysera hur rollfiguren Will Byers porträtteras som queer i Matt och Ross Duffers Stranger Things, samt att undersöka skaparnas intention med rollfiguren och hur seriens fans har mottagit Will och diskuterat rollfiguren på Twitter. Uppsatsen utgår ifrån queerteoretiska perspektiv och analyserar Will utifrån en queer läsning. Fansens reaktioner baseras på mottagandeteori, där Stuart Halls kodning- och avkodningsmodell används. Utifrån en queer läsning visar resultatet att Will har kodats som queer genomgående i serien. Analysen visar också att skaparnas kodning av Will har varit medveten, men även avsiktligt subtil. Resultatet visar även att fansens mottagande främst har handlat om att belysa deras queera läsning av Will, men att Twitter i detta fall även har använts som ett verktyg att direkt kunna kritisera seriens hantering av rollfiguren.

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My dissertation addresses the phenomenon of stranger danger to children and tries to answer the question of how the category of sex offender has been produced to become the primary target in contemporary sex crime control. I examine the period from the 1960s through the 1990s, the period beginning with the rising awareness of child abuse and criminal and psychiatric patient rights challenges to preventive confinement and ending with institutionalizing the regime of sex offender risk management. I attend particularly to psychological techniques that were designed and used to produce sex offender categories, by focusing on three interconnected dimensions: first, the formation of a new discipline of forensic psychology in the crime control area; second, the methods of knowledge production about sex offenders; and third, the institutional aspects of crime control centered on repeat stranger offenders. This dissertation examines the shaping of risk as a value-laden cultural product, involving the identification of risks to be managed, the selection of risk factors, and the decisions of "acceptable" levels of risk. In engaging in conversation about ongoing policy issues, my work intends to go beyond the opposition between civil rights and public safety to understand how the politics of crime control came to center on the dangerous stranger, a center around which the two political values of rights and safety have collided and been negotiated. I provide a genealogy of actuarial risk management and situate its origins in relation to the civil rights revolution. By examining the shift from psychiatric dangerousness prediction to psychological risk management, I argue that the risk management regime is an outgrowth of psychologists' attempts to accommodate civil rights claims in a broader context where socio-cultural tensions over the changing family values have zeroed in on stranger danger. While psychologists initially promoted actuarial justice as a rational method of balancing conflicting social values, its implementation was dictated by institutional demands for efficiency in regulating an increasing number of sex offenders. Risk management technologies led to the mutual reproduction of crime data and criminal populations at risk of reoffense, which contributed to the expansion of populations under criminal supervision. / Ph. D.

<p>A major purpose of this study is to describe and analyse representations of migration and migrants in three local Swedish newspapers, Arbetarbladet, Borås Tidning, and Vestmanlands Läns Tidning and one national, Dagens Nyheter, at eight selected years during the period of 1945 – 2005. The dissertation investigates continuity and change over the course of time. The study also traces how journalistic discourses relate to migration policies. The main focus is on the local papers and the interplay between local and national perspectives in expressing estrangement and national community. The main sample consists of 1 537 articles published in the first three weeks of March in the years 1945, 1955, 1965, 1975, 1985, 1995 and the year 2000.</p><p>Quantitative and qualitative approaches are combined and the study is carried out within the traditions of Critical Discourse Analysis and rhetoric. One theoretical approach rests on the notion of the stranger, as conceptualized by Georg Simmel. Closely linked to this notion are the concepts of nation, culture, and identity. One purpose is to analyse how these aspects are textualised and visualised.</p><p>Despite the changes of migration to Sweden, press coverage has demonstrated a remarkable consistency in the representations of immigrants and migration policy throughout the period. The analyses indicate that there is a continuous dialogue between the press and the government agenda. Albeit the consonance between the papers, it needs to be pointed out that representations of strangers are heterogeneous. In certain respects the local papers differ from the national paper. The Dagens Nyheter was more inclined to use a negative and a conflict angle. The local papers, promoting strong place identities, were more prone to stress co-operation and shared interests. The portrayal often draws on an implicit positive self-representation of Sweden. Nationhood is still a resonant element in journalism, a late echo, as it were, of the People’s Home.</p>

Denna uppsats ämnar redovisa en kollaborativ autoetnografisk studie utifrån begreppen värdskap, sociologi, kommensalitet och främlingen. Studiens övergripande syfte är att skapa en förståelse kring hur måltidsevent anordnade i Umeå via mobil-applikationen Airdine upplevs ur värdens perspektiv. Studien bygger på tre event upprättade med aktionsforskning som grund, det vill säga en iscensättande och deltagande roll intas av oss som värdar. Metoden kollaborativ autoetnografi innebär i denna uppsats att två personer dokumenterar varsin uttömmande autoetnografi om sina innerliga tankar och reflektioner kring värdskapet, dessa reflektioner utgör studiens empiri. Studien har resulterat i djupa uttömmande reflektioner kring värdarna kopplat till det induktiva teoretiska ramverket. Slutsatsen pekar på aktionsforskning tillsammans med kollaborativ autoetnografi att kunna fungera som ett komplement till varandra och vara ett intressant nytt verktyg för framtida forskning inom hospitality-fältet. / This paper aims to account for a collaborative autoethnography study based on the concepts of hospitality, sociology, commensality and the stranger. The general purpose of the study is to create an understanding around how meal-events arranged in Umeå through the mobile-application Airdine are percieved from the perspective of the host. The study revolves around three events executed with action research as its base, in other words a staging and participatory roll is taken by us as hosts. In this paper collaborative autoethnograpy means that two people each document a complete and exhaustive field-journal regarding their innermost thoughts and reflections around their hospitality, these reflections will then make up the empirics of the study. The study has resulted in profound exhaustive reflections surrounding the hosts connected to the identified theoretical framework. The conclusion points at action research paired together with collaborative autoethnography to compliment each other and of being a possibly interesting tool for future research within the hospitality field.

Resumo: Com o desenvolvimento da Comunicação Mediada por Computadores (CMC), tornaram-se possíveis outras formas de interação social e, apesar de essas possibilitarem a formação de grupos sociais no ciberespaço, também podemos encontrar algumas formas de exclusão. O fenômeno do estrangeiro se apresenta na CMC em língua italiana como uma relação ao mesmo tempo de proximidade e distância, além de algumas barreiras para o desenvolvimento de uma sociabilidade entre italianos e estrangeiros. Na aproximação feita ao fenômeno do estrangeiro, em um dos sistemas mais usados na CMC, o webchat, verificou-se que apesar da possibilidade técnica de se construírem e de se utilizarem diversas identidades nos sistemas de CMC analisados, a identidade nacional se destaca na interação entre italianos e estrangeiros, acompanhada muitas vezes de hostilidades ou de um discurso retórico em relação aos imigrantes na Itália. / Abstract: With the development of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), new forms of social interaction became possible and, despite of the fact that they are responsible for the creation of social groups in the cyberspace, we can also find some forms of exclusion. The "stranger phenomenon" presents itself, in the CMC that uses Italian language, as a relation, at the same time, of proximity and of distance, and also as barriers against the development of a sociability between strangers and Italians. By approaching the "stranger phenomenon", through one of the most used CMC, the webchat, we could verify that, despite of technical possibility of constructing and of using multiple identities, national identity stands out in interrelation between Italians and strangers, bringing with it hostility or rethorical speeches related to immigrants in Italy. / Orientador: Ethel Volfzon Kosminsky / Coorientador: Odair da Cruz Paiva / Banca: Thomas Patrick Dwyer / Banca: Tullo Vigevani / Mestre