This study examines Haudenosaunee foodways in the Great Lakes Region between the early seventeenth century and the mid to late eighteenth century. The study is divided into two parts. First, the Creation Story is explored as it transmits the origin of the Three Sisters, a cropping system of inter-planted corn, beans and squash. The teachings of the Three Sisters highlights the importance of polyculture and sustainability. Conversely, a Westerners’ scientific account of how the Three Sisters came to be farmed together is studied. The independent pathways of the corn, beans and squash is examined as they arrived in New York State from the Mexico highlands. Recent findings show the Three Sisters were adopted independently in eastern North America beginning around A.D. 1300. They were grown together in some locations on a regular basis. The adoption of the polycultural complex of the Three Sisters was gradual and took place approximately 700 years ago as each of the crops adjusted to the climate and new surroundings. Secondly, the relationship between food, specifically the Three Sisters and acculturative change are examined pre-and-post contact. Acculturative change occurs when two independent cultures comes into contact with one another. The degree of influence is not equal as one culture can be absorbed, shaped or influenced more strongly by the other culture. The Haudenosaunee culture underwent acculturative change because the fur trade economy affected their foodways due to the influx of European goods such as the brass kettle and encroachment on their land and hunting grounds. The Haudenosaunee retained the core of their cultural beliefs and cultural practices because they made decisions, specifically their selection of goods and agricultural practices, as an extension of their cultural beliefs. Acculturative change resulted in a more monocropped and creolized agricultural system, usage of draft animals, fruit orchards and the plow. This study lies at the intersection of ethnohistory and food history. This study will serve as a tool to analyze and understand Haudenosaunee historical experiences from a First Nations cultural perspective. / Graduate / 2017-08-21

Esta pesquisa é um aprofundamento de meu Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso intitulado A formação do clown: o teatro como prática de liberdade (UDESC, 2004), no qual estabeleci um panorama geral a respeito do clown e busquei refletir teoricamente sobre alguns princípios técnicos que compõem esta linguagem. A linha de pesquisa que segui foi a do clown pessoal e o recorte se deu nos elementos que o ator-iniciante deve conhecer para se tornar um clown de teatro. Seguindo a mesma linha de pesquisa, o presente estudo procura compreender o processo de contato do ator com sua subjetividade incitado pela técnica do clown e as conseqüências éticas e estéticas propiciadas por este encontro. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa qualitativa, cujos procedimentos contemplaram pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Esta se configurou como Pesquisa Participante e foi realizada com as atrizes Débora de Matos, Greice Miotello e Paula Bittencourt, da Traço Cia. de Teatro, de Florianópolis. A pesquisa empírica resultou na montagem do espetáculo As três irmãs, de Anton Tchékhov, cuja encenação manteve algumas características da técnica clownesca. / This research constitutes a deeper study of my undergraduate final paper entitled: A formação do clown: o teatro como prática de liberdade (The clown education: the theatre as a practice of liberty) (UDESC, 2004), in which I established a panorama of the clown figure and aimed at some of the technical principles of this artistic language. The line of research followed was one of the personal clown and the work focused on the elements that the actor, as a beginner, must know in order to become a theatre clown. On the same line of research, this dissertation aims at comprehending the contact process of the actor with its subjectivity instigated by the clown technique and the ethical and aesthetic consequences brought about by this encounter. The methodology here was the qualitative research and its proceedings observed bibliographical and field research. This was a Participating Research performed by the actresses Débora de Matos, Greice Miotello and Paula Bittencourt of the Traço Cia. de Teatro of Florianópolis. The empirical research resulted from the making of The Three Sisters, a play by Anton Tchékhov. This staging of the play maintained some of the characteristics of the clown technique.

Esta pesquisa é um aprofundamento de meu Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso intitulado A formação do clown: o teatro como prática de liberdade (UDESC, 2004), no qual estabeleci um panorama geral a respeito do clown e busquei refletir teoricamente sobre alguns princípios técnicos que compõem esta linguagem. A linha de pesquisa que segui foi a do clown pessoal e o recorte se deu nos elementos que o ator-iniciante deve conhecer para se tornar um clown de teatro. Seguindo a mesma linha de pesquisa, o presente estudo procura compreender o processo de contato do ator com sua subjetividade incitado pela técnica do clown e as conseqüências éticas e estéticas propiciadas por este encontro. A metodologia utilizada foi pesquisa qualitativa, cujos procedimentos contemplaram pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Esta se configurou como Pesquisa Participante e foi realizada com as atrizes Débora de Matos, Greice Miotello e Paula Bittencourt, da Traço Cia. de Teatro, de Florianópolis. A pesquisa empírica resultou na montagem do espetáculo As três irmãs, de Anton Tchékhov, cuja encenação manteve algumas características da técnica clownesca. / This research constitutes a deeper study of my undergraduate final paper entitled: A formação do clown: o teatro como prática de liberdade (The clown education: the theatre as a practice of liberty) (UDESC, 2004), in which I established a panorama of the clown figure and aimed at some of the technical principles of this artistic language. The line of research followed was one of the personal clown and the work focused on the elements that the actor, as a beginner, must know in order to become a theatre clown. On the same line of research, this dissertation aims at comprehending the contact process of the actor with its subjectivity instigated by the clown technique and the ethical and aesthetic consequences brought about by this encounter. The methodology here was the qualitative research and its proceedings observed bibliographical and field research. This was a Participating Research performed by the actresses Débora de Matos, Greice Miotello and Paula Bittencourt of the Traço Cia. de Teatro of Florianópolis. The empirical research resulted from the making of The Three Sisters, a play by Anton Tchékhov. This staging of the play maintained some of the characteristics of the clown technique.

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x, 57 p. : ill. (mostly col.) / An extensive area west of the Three Sisters volcanoes of Oregon has been actively uplifting for over a decade. Examining the deformation is imperative to improve understanding of the potential hazards of Cascade volcanism and the emplacement of magma. I refine the timing of the onset of the deformation, resolve the change in uplift rates through time, and quantify the current deformation rate using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. The deformation is assessed in time and space using single interferogram InSAR, stacks of interferograms, and line-of-sight time series. I examine the shape of the deformation pattern and explore volcanic source parameters using a Mogi model and tension crack model with topographic corrections. By using the best fit model and combining all useable interferograms from different tracks, I create the first complete continuous inflation time series of the Three Sisters volcanic uplift from 1992 to 2010. / Committee in charge: Dr. David A. Schmidt, Chair; Dr. Katharine V. Cashman, Member; Dr. Joshua J. Roering, Member

Um dos primeiros e principais encenadores do século XX, Konstantin S. Stanislávski é amplamente conhecido por suas obras voltadas ao ator. Suas encenações, que fascinaram o público russo e das principais capitais do mundo e influenciaram o teatro ocidental, não são tão discutidas e estudadas. O presente trabalho traz em tradução direta da língua russa, inédita em português, as Partituras de Encenação de Stanislávski para a montagem do texto As três irmãs, de Anton Tchekhov, também em nova tradução direta. O encontro entre K. Stansilávski e A. Tchekhov foi de extrema importância para a construção da identidade artística do Teatro de Arte de Moscou (TAM), uma das mais importantes companhias de teatro do mundo. Os vestígios desse encontro estão minuciosamente sistematizados nas Partituras de Stanislávski. Apoiado no texto dramático o encenador criou centenas de notas esclarecendo desde entonações da fala das personagens até ruídos externos e detalhes da maquinaria cênica. Com a leitura dessas partituras torna-se possível imaginar a montagem do TAM e compreender que tipo de diálogo o encenador estabelece com o texto dramático de Tchekhov. / One of the twenty centurys first and most important theatre directors, Konstantin S. Stanislavsky is also broadly known for his studies and researches on acting. Despite fascinating audiences in Russia and in the main capitals of the world, influencing most of the western theatre, Stanislavskys stagings have not been entirely analised or discussed. The current study is a unique translation into Portuguese of Stanislavskis staging scores to the play Three sisters by A. Chekhov. In addition, it presents a new translation of the play, also directly from Russian. The meeting between K. Stanislavski and A. Chekhov was essential for the construction of an artistic identity for the Moscow Art Theatre (MAT), one of the worlds leading theatre companies. Traces of this gathering are carefully detailed on Stanislavskys staging scores. Based on Chekhovs text, the director created hundreds of notes clarifying since the intonation of characters voices and external sounds to details of sets. By analising Stanislavskys staging scores it is possible to imagine MATs production as well as comprehend the type of dialogue the director establishes with Chekhovs dramatic text.

Um dos primeiros e principais encenadores do século XX, Konstantin S. Stanislávski é amplamente conhecido por suas obras voltadas ao ator. Suas encenações, que fascinaram o público russo e das principais capitais do mundo e influenciaram o teatro ocidental, não são tão discutidas e estudadas. O presente trabalho traz em tradução direta da língua russa, inédita em português, as Partituras de Encenação de Stanislávski para a montagem do texto As três irmãs, de Anton Tchekhov, também em nova tradução direta. O encontro entre K. Stansilávski e A. Tchekhov foi de extrema importância para a construção da identidade artística do Teatro de Arte de Moscou (TAM), uma das mais importantes companhias de teatro do mundo. Os vestígios desse encontro estão minuciosamente sistematizados nas Partituras de Stanislávski. Apoiado no texto dramático o encenador criou centenas de notas esclarecendo desde entonações da fala das personagens até ruídos externos e detalhes da maquinaria cênica. Com a leitura dessas partituras torna-se possível imaginar a montagem do TAM e compreender que tipo de diálogo o encenador estabelece com o texto dramático de Tchekhov. / One of the twenty centurys first and most important theatre directors, Konstantin S. Stanislavsky is also broadly known for his studies and researches on acting. Despite fascinating audiences in Russia and in the main capitals of the world, influencing most of the western theatre, Stanislavskys stagings have not been entirely analised or discussed. The current study is a unique translation into Portuguese of Stanislavskis staging scores to the play Three sisters by A. Chekhov. In addition, it presents a new translation of the play, also directly from Russian. The meeting between K. Stanislavski and A. Chekhov was essential for the construction of an artistic identity for the Moscow Art Theatre (MAT), one of the worlds leading theatre companies. Traces of this gathering are carefully detailed on Stanislavskys staging scores. Based on Chekhovs text, the director created hundreds of notes clarifying since the intonation of characters voices and external sounds to details of sets. By analising Stanislavskys staging scores it is possible to imagine MATs production as well as comprehend the type of dialogue the director establishes with Chekhovs dramatic text.

Both theatre and drama were imported to Canada from European colonizing nations, and as such the canonical master-texts of European drama, particularly the works of Shakespeare, have always occupied a prominent place in Canadian theatre. This presents a challenge for living Canadian playwrights, whose most revered role model is also their most dangerous competition, and whose desire to represent the spectrum of contemporary Canadian experience on stage is often at odds with the preferences of many producers and spectators for the “classics.” Since the 1990s, a number of Canadian playwrights have attempted to challenge the role of canonical plays and the values they represent by appropriating and critiquing them in plays of their own, creating a body of work which disturbs conventional distinctions between “adaptations” and “originals.” This study describes and analyzes the adaptive dramaturgies used by recent Canadian playwrights to appropriate canonical plays, question the privileged place they occupy in Canadian culture, expose the exclusionary hierarchies they legitimate, and claim centre stage for Canadian perspectives which have hitherto been waiting in the wings. It examines how playwrights challenge, usurp, or exploit the cultural capital of the canon by “re-citing” old plays in new works, how they or their producers attempt to frame the reception of their plays in order to address cultural biases against adaptation, and how audiences respond. This study draws from and builds upon contemporary theories of adaptation and particularly (Canadian) Shakespeare adaptation, seeking an understanding of adaptation based on the motives, tactics, and efficacy of adaptation. Simultaneously, it challenges the dominance of “Shakespeare,” in critical as well as theatrical practice, by comparing appropriations of Shakespeare to appropriations of Chekhov which exhibit similar tactics and motives.

Both theatre and drama were imported to Canada from European colonizing nations, and as such the canonical master-texts of European drama, particularly the works of Shakespeare, have always occupied a prominent place in Canadian theatre. This presents a challenge for living Canadian playwrights, whose most revered role model is also their most dangerous competition, and whose desire to represent the spectrum of contemporary Canadian experience on stage is often at odds with the preferences of many producers and spectators for the “classics.” Since the 1990s, a number of Canadian playwrights have attempted to challenge the role of canonical plays and the values they represent by appropriating and critiquing them in plays of their own, creating a body of work which disturbs conventional distinctions between “adaptations” and “originals.” This study describes and analyzes the adaptive dramaturgies used by recent Canadian playwrights to appropriate canonical plays, question the privileged place they occupy in Canadian culture, expose the exclusionary hierarchies they legitimate, and claim centre stage for Canadian perspectives which have hitherto been waiting in the wings. It examines how playwrights challenge, usurp, or exploit the cultural capital of the canon by “re-citing” old plays in new works, how they or their producers attempt to frame the reception of their plays in order to address cultural biases against adaptation, and how audiences respond. This study draws from and builds upon contemporary theories of adaptation and particularly (Canadian) Shakespeare adaptation, seeking an understanding of adaptation based on the motives, tactics, and efficacy of adaptation. Simultaneously, it challenges the dominance of “Shakespeare,” in critical as well as theatrical practice, by comparing appropriations of Shakespeare to appropriations of Chekhov which exhibit similar tactics and motives.