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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
201

Potraviny ovlivňující funkci štítné žlázy / Foods affecting function of the thyroid glande

Ciprová, Markéta January 2021 (has links)
6 Abstract Basis: This master's thesis deals with the issue of foods affecting thyroid function. The thyroid gland is an important endocrine organ involved in many bodily processes, it is completely dependent on external iodine intake and at the same time it is susceptible to some naturally occurring antinutritive substances. The main subject of research were therefore the sources of iodine and strumigenic substances in the diet and their occurrence in the diet of adults. The main sources for this thesis include the monograph Thyroid Gland, organized by Zdeňka Límanová, websites of professional institutions of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic and the World Health Organization and of course current studies dealing with this issue available in world health databases. The topic was chosen by the author on the basis of finding current topics in the field of nutrition, that have not yet been reserched by other students in the Nutrition Specialist field of study in recent years. Aims: The primary goal of the master's thesis was to examine and process current issues of thyroid function, especially in connection with the consumption of foods that affect this function. For this purpose, a questionnaire was compiled to obtain sufficient base and data to determine the average consumption of iodine and...
202

Změny termického prahu u pacientů léčených pro hypothyreózu / Changes of thermal thresholds in patients treated with hypothyroidism.

Zůna, Miroslav January 2013 (has links)
Diplomová práce Miroslav Zůna 3 Author's first name and surname: Miroslav Zůna, BA. Title of the master thesis: Changes of thermal thresholds in patients treated with hypothyroidism. Department: Department of Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine Supervisor: Hana Marčišová, MA. The year of presentation: 2013 Abstract: Disorders of thyroid gland together with diabetes are most common endocrine diseases in Czech Republic and worldwide, too. Myopathy and neuropathy, caused by reduced amount of thyroid hormones, are mentioned in current literature, however pathaphysiological mechanisms stay unclear. To evaluate the state of small nerve fibers that should be affected first, we use thermal threshold testing, setting the thermal threshold for warm and cold stimuli in different locations. Patients with hypothyroidism show in most of the measured locations higher thermal threshold than that of the control group, however these results are not significant. Significant change of thermal sensation of cold stimulus is demonstrated in location thenar. Patients with hypothyroidism also have a higher degree of inaccuracy detection of thermal stimuli. A greater number of significant conclusions can not seem to reach for a small number of probands participating in our study or due to ongoing therapy and the resulting normal state...
203

Influência do MicroRNA let-7 e miR-17-92 como oncomiRs no câncer. / Influence of MicroRNA let-7 and miR-17-92 as oncomiRs in cancer.

Fuziwara, Cesar Seigi 24 August 2010 (has links)
No câncer, alterações em microRNAs (miRNAs), pequenos RNAs que regulam a tradução protéica, exerce efeito oncogênico (oncomiR). Os oncomiRs regulam genes chave para a proliferação celular e apoptose, sendo importantes para a biologia do câncer. O carcinoma papilífero de tiróide apresenta alterações genéticas alinhadas na via MAPK (RET>RAS>BRAF>ERK). Observamos que a indução do oncogene RET/PTC diminui a expressão de let-7 em células foliculares tiroidianas. Na linhagem TPC-1 (com RET/PTC-1), a introdução de let-7 diminui a proliferação celular e a fosforilaçãode ERK, indicando papel de gene supressor tumoral. No carcinoma anaplásico, avaliamos o papel da introdução do cluster miR-17-92 na linhagem ARO. Observamos que in vitro miR-17-92 atua de forma oncogênica aumentando proliferação e viabilidade celular de ARO. No entanto, estas células apresentam diminuição no crescimento em soft-agar. No xenotransplante, os tumores de ARO-miR-17-92 apresentam menor volume e expressam MMP-9 de forma reduzida, indicando também um papel de gene supressor tumoral para o cluster. / In cancer, alteration in microRNA, small RNAs (~22nt) that regulate post-transcriptionally protein levels, exerts oncogenic role (oncomiR). OncomiRs control genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis, influencing cancer biology. Papillary thyroid cancer displays activating genetic alterations in MAPK signaling pathway (RET>RAS>BRAF>ERK). Using conditional induction of oncogenes in thyroid cells, we observed that RET/PTC decreases let-7 miRNA expression. In papillary thyroid cancer cell TPC-1 (with RET/PTC-1) we observed that let-7 introduction inhibits cell proliferation and ERK phosphorylation, indicating tumor suppressor role for let-7. In anaplastic thyroid cancer, we evaluate the role of introduction of miR-17-92 cluster in ARO cell line. We observed in vitro that miR-17-92 increases ARO cell proliferation and viability, acting as oncogene. However, these cells show impaired soft agar growth. In xenotransplant, ARO-miR-17-92 tumors are smaller in volume and express reduced levels of MMP-9, indicating a tumor suppressor role for the cluster.
204

O selênio e a glândula tireóide: um estudo em pacientes portadores de disfunções  tireoidianas nos estados de Ceará e São Paulo / The selenium and thyroid gland: a study in patients with thyroid dysfunction in the states of Ceara and São Paulo

Maia, Carla Soraya Costa 28 November 2008 (has links)
Introdução: O Selênio é um mineral fundamental para o homem, participa dos mecanismos antioxidantes, influencia o sistema imune e participa ativamente da homeostase da glândula tireóide. Objetivo: Avaliar o estado nutricional relativo ao selênio de pacientes adultos portadores de hipotireoidismo e hipertireoidismo em atendimento ambulatorial no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo e no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Metodologia: Foram avaliados quatro grupos de pacientes com doença de Graves (Graves), Bócio Multinodular Tóxico (BMNT), Hipotireoidismo pós-tireoidectomia (Hipotireoidismo) e tireoidite de Hashimoto (Hashimoto) em dois estados, São Paulo e Ceará e paralelamente dois grupos controle (São Paulo e Ceará). Foram realizadas caracterização antropométrica e clínica. O Se foi analisado no plasma e eritrócitos, foi medida a atividade da GSH-Px, iodúria, MDA plasmático e dosagens de hormônios tireoidianos e Anti-TPO. O consumo alimentar foi estimado utilizando-se a técnica de recordatório 24 horas. Resultados: Houve predomínio do sexo feminino em todos os grupos (70-90%); os pacientes e controles apresentaram sobrepeso. O TSH estava aumentado no grupoHashimoto do Ceará (116 ± 63,68 µU/mL) e o Anti-TPO no grupo Graves de São Paulo (1277,71 ± 1077,99U/mL). A maior concentração de Se no plasma foi encontrada no grupo BMNT de São Paulo (154,09µ/L) e nos eritrócitos no grupo BMNTdo Ceará (147,68µ/L). Os individuos do Ceará apresentaram maior consumo alimentar de iodo.Conclusões: Nosso estudo demonstrou que os pacientes do Ceará apresentaram melhor estado nutricional relativo ao selênio que os pacientes de São Paulo. Os grupos de São Paulo apresentaram deficiência leve em relação ao selênio. O consumo aumentado de selênio (Ceará) parece reduzir as concentrações de Anti-TPO e desta forma poderia ser um fator positivo para a redução da gravidade das doenças autoimunes da glândula tireóide. / Introduction: The Selenium is a mineral essential to human, part of antioxidant mechanisms, influences the immune system and participates actively in homeostasis of the thyroid gland. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of selenium on adult patients bearers of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in ambulatory care at the Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sao Paulo and the University Hospital Walter Cantídio Federal University of Ceara. Methodology: We evaluated four groups of patients with Graves\' disease (Graves), multinodular toxic goiter (BMNT), hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy (hypothyroidism) and Hashimoto\'s thyroiditis (Hashimoto) in two states, Sao Paulo and Ceara and in two groups control (Sao Paulo and Ceara). We performed anthropometric and clinicai characterization. Selenium were analyzed in plasma and red blood cells, was measured the activity of GSH-Px, urinary iodine, MDA and plasma levels of thyroid hormones and anti-TPO. The food consumption was estimated using the technique to recall 24 hours. Results: There was a preponderance of females in all groups (70-90%); the patients and controls were overweight. The TSH was increased in the Hashimoto group of Ceará (116 ± 63.68 µU / ml) and Anti-TPO in the Graves group of Sao Paulo (1277.71 ± 1077.99 U / ml). The highest concentration of plasmatic selenium was found in BMNTgroup of Sao Paulo (154.09 &#181 / L) and the red cells in the BMNTgroup of Ceará (147.68 µ / L). The individuaLs from Ceara had higher dietary intake of iodine. Conclusions: Our study showed that patients from Ceara had better nutritional status on selenium that patients in Sao Paulo. Groups of Sao Paulo showed mild disabilities in relation to selenium. The increased consumption of selenium (Ceara) appears to reduce the concentrations of anti-TPO and thus could be a positive factor in reducing the severity of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland.
205

Identificação de microRNAs associados com recidiva em carcinoma papilífero da tireoide / Recurrence associated MicroRNAs in papillary thyroid cancer

Afonseca, Adriana Sondermann de 16 June 2015 (has links)
O carcinoma da glândula tireoide é o câncer endócrino mais prevalente, com crescente incidência anual. Dentre as neoplasias tireóideas, o carcinoma papilífero é o mais frequente, representando 80 a 90% destes tumores. A despeito do excelente prognóstico de seus portadores e da baixa taxa de mortalidade, cerca de 5% a 20% dos indivíduos submetidos à tireoidectomia total desenvolverão recidiva regional e todavia não há consenso sobre os fatores preditivos de recidiva tumoral. MicroRNAs são pequenos RNAs endógenos, que não codificam proteínas, e que medeiam a regulação póstranscricional da expressão gênica ligando-se seletivamente aos RNAs mensageiros por pareamento de bases. A expressão dos microRNAs de uma forma controlada exerce papel importante em múltiplos processos fisiológicos. Em contrapartida, em câncer, níveis de microRNAs podem estar diminuídos ou aumentados e existem evidências de que microRNAs estão envolvidos no processo de metástase e recidiva. No presente estudo, investigamos se os níveis de miR-9, miR-10b, miR-21 e miR-146b são preditores de recidiva em carcinoma papilífero de tireoide. Utilizando amostras de carcinoma papilífero de tireoide fixadas em formalina e emblocadas em parafina, avaliamos a expressão de miR-9, miR-10b, miR-21 e miR-146b em amostras de tumor primário de 66 pacientes através da PCR em tempo real. Os pacientes foram reunidos em dois grupos: pacientes que apresentaram recidiva tumoral (n=19) e pacientes que não apresentaram recidiva tumoral (n=47). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à tireoidectomia total e seguidos por um tempo mínimo de 120 meses para serem considerados livres de recidiva. Comparamos os grupos de pacientes com e sem recidiva tumoral em relação às variáveis idade, sexo, tamanho do tumor, riscos ATA e MSKCC-NY, estadiamento TNM, variante histológica do tumor, presença de multicentricidade, invasão vascular e perineural, extensão extra-tireóidea e metástases linfonodais cervicais. Análises univariadas e multivariadas foram realizadas utilizando-se os modelos de riscos proporcionais de Cox. Conforme análise univariada, tamanho do tumor primário (p=0,001) e extensão extra-tireóidea (p=0,027) estão associados à recidiva tumoral. Da mesma forma, pacientes em estadios mais avançados (III e IV) segundo TNM (p=0,001) ou classificados em grupos de risco mais elevados segundo ATA (p=0,025) também apresentam maior risco de evoluírem com recidiva da doença. Observamos níveis de expressão de mir- 9 e miR-21 significativamente inferiores nos indivíduos que apresentaram recidiva quando comparados aos que não apresentaram recidiva neoplásica (p<0,001 e p=0,001, respectivamente). Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que expressão diminuída de miR-9 ou de miR-21 é fator prognóstico significativo para recidiva em indivíduos portadores de carcinoma papilífero de tireoide quando avaliados em amostras do tumor primário (RR = 1,48; 95% IC: 1,24-1,77 e RR = 1,52; 95% IC: 1,18-1,94; respectivamente), enquanto miR-10b e miR-146 não se mostraram diferentemente expressos entre os dois grupos. A análises multivariada envolvendo os níveis de expressão de miR-9 e mR-21 e parâmetros clínicos indica que os níveis de expressão destes microRNAs são fatores prognósticos independentes para pacientes com carcinoma papilífero de tireoide. Concluindo, nossos resultados sugerem que o nível de expressão de miR-9 e miR-21 poderia ser utilizado na prática clínica como biomarcador para avaliar o potencial para recidiva em carcinoma papilífero de tireoide / Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine neoplasm, and its annual incidence continues to rise. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common histological type, accounting for 80-90% of all thyroid cancers. Despite its excellent prognosis and low mortality rates, regional recurrence is observed in 5-20% of patients and there is still no consensus concerning tumor recurrence predictive factors. MicroRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that mediate, post-transcriptionally, gene expression regulation. MicroRNAs selectively bind to mRNAs, playing important roles in multiple physiological processes. On the other hand, microRNAs levels may be down regulated or over expressed in cancer, and have been implicated in recurrence and metastasis-related processes. In the present study, we investigated whether miR-9, miR-10b, miR-21 and miR-146b expression levels could be predictive factors of papillary thyroid cancer recurrence. Using macrodissection followed by quantitative real-time PCR, we measured miR-9, miR-10b, miR-21 and miR- 146b expression levels in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded primary tumor samples from 66 patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Patients were categorized into two groups: the recurrent group (n=19) and the non-recurrent group (n=47). All patients underwent total thyroidectomy and were followed for at least 120 months after surgery to be considered recurrence-free. Both groups were compared for clinical and pathological characteristics, including age, gender, tumor size, ATA and MSKCC-NY risk, TNM stage, multicentricity, vascular and perineural invasion, presence of cervical lymph node metastasis and histological type. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed using the Cox proportional hazard analysis. Tumor size (p=0,001), extrathyroidal extension (p=0,027), higher risk ATA groups (p=0,025) and advanced TNM stages (p=0,001) were associated with recurrence. Expression levels of miR-9 and miR-21 were significantly lower in the recurrent group than in the nonrecurrent group (p<0,001 and p=0,001, respectively). MiR-9 and miR-21 expression levels were considered significant prognostic factors for recurrence in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (RR = 1,48; 95% CI: 1,24-1,77 and RR = 1,52; 95% CI: 1,18-1,94; respectively), but miR-10b and miR-146b were not. Multivariate analysis involving the expression levels of miR-9 and miR-21 and clinical parameters indicates that the expression levels are independent prognostic factor for papillary thyroid cancer patients. In conclusion, our results support the potential clinical value of miR-9 and miR-21 expression levels assessed in primary tumor samples as prognostic biomarkers for recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer
206

Regulação da via de sinalização de TGF-b pelo microRNA miR- 146b-5p no câncer de tiróide. / Regulation of TGFbeta signaling pathway by microRNA miR-146b-5p in thyroid cancer.

Geraldo, Murilo Vieira 23 November 2011 (has links)
MicroRNAs são pequenos RNAs não codificadores de proteínas envolvidos na regulação pós-transcricional da expressão gênica. Análises de expressão em larga escala identificaram aumento da expressão de miR-146b-5p no carcinoma papilífero (PTC), o subtipo mais prevalente do câncer de tiróide. Uma análise in silico apontou SMAD4, um membro da via de sinalização de TGFbeta, como potencial alvo de miR-146b-5p. A via de TGFbeta é uma via inibitória da proliferação da célula folicular, contudo o mecanismo de escape do sinal inibitório de TGFbeta pela célula tumoral tiroideana permanence não esclarecido. A expressão de miR-146b-5p em linhagem normal PCCL3 diminuiu os níveis de SMAD4, conferindo resistência ao sinal anti-proliferativo de TGFbeta e aumentando a proliferação celular. A inibição de miR-146b-5p em linhagens de PTC aumentou os níveis de SMAD4, restaurou a resposta ao sinal anti-proliferativo de TGFbeta, diminuindo a proliferação celular. Os dados obtidos neste trabalho revelam o papel oncogênico de miR-146b-5p como um regulador negativo da via de TGFbeta. / MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Large-scale analyses revealed that miR-146b-5p is overexpressed in papillary carcinomas (PTC), the most prevalent form of thyroid cancer. A computational analysis indicated SMAD4, an important member of the TGF-<font face=\"Symbol\">b signaling pathway, as a putative target of miR-146b-5p. The TGFbeta pathway is a negative regulator of thyroid follicular cell growth, and the mechanism by which thyroid cancer cells evade its inhibitory signal remains unclear. The overexpression of miR-146b-5p in normal follicular PCCL3 cells decreased SMAD4 levels, conferred resistance to TGFbeta anti-proliferative signal and increased cell proliferation. The specific inhibition of miR-146b-5p in papillary carcinoma cell lines significantly increased SMAD4 levels, restored the TGFbeta signal transduction and decreased cell growth. Altogether, our data confirm the oncogenic role of miR-146b-5p in thyroid follicular cells as a negative regulator of TGFbeta signaling pathway.
207

Doenças tireoidianas subclínicas e fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres com mais de 40 anos em seu local de trabalho / Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women at the workplace

Olmos, Rodrigo Diaz 07 November 2007 (has links)
Introdução: As disfunções tireoidianas subclínicas são comuns na prática clínica, particularmente entre mulheres de meia idade. Existem algumas evidências de que as disfunções tireoidianas subclínicas podem afetar o risco cardiovascular de forma negativa, além de afetar a qualidade de vida e produzir sintomas somáticos e psicológicos. Entretanto ainda existe muita controvérsia sobre se o tratamento destas disfunções afeta positivamente algum desfecho clínico e se estaria indicado realizar um rastreamento populacional destas disfunções. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a freqüência das disfunções tireoidianas subclínicas e sua associação com fatores de risco cardiovasculares tradicionais e com alguns fatores psico-sociais em mulheres com 40 anos ou mais em seu local de trabalho. Métodos: Estudo transversal de rastreamento com funcionárias da Universidade de São Paulo com 40 anos ou mais. Todas as participantes foram entrevistadas e responderam a quatro questionários específicos validados [um questionário sobre características sócio-demográficas, o questionário de angina de Rose, o Short Form Health Survey - 36 (SF-36) e o Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20)], foram submetidas a mensuração de medidas antropométricas e da pressão arterial e tiveram uma amostra de sangue colhida para avaliação de função tireoidiana (TSH e T4-livre) e anticorpos antitireoperoxidase (anti-TPO), glicemia de jejum e colesterol total, LDL-colesterol e HDL-colesterol. Em uma subamostra do estudo também foi dosada a proteína C ultra-sensível (hsCPR). As mulheres foram analisadas de acordo com seu estado funcional tireoidiano. Resultados: Das 736 funcionárias com 40 anos ou mais convidadas a participar, 314 (42,7%) aceitaram o convite. As freqüências de hipotireoidismo e hipertireoidismo subclínico foram, respectivamente, 7,3% e 5,1%. Anticorpos anti-tireoperoxidase positivos foram encontrados em 51 mulheres (16,2%). Níveis de TSH < 10 mIU/l estavam presentes em 78,3% das mulheres com hipotireoidismo subclínico. Não houve diferença nas características gerais, nos fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular, nos fatores psico-sociais nem, de uma forma geral, na qualidade de vida comparando-se as mulheres de acordo com sua função tireoidiana. Conclusão: Não se encontrou nenhuma associação entre disfunção tireoidiana subclínica e fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular. Não se encontrou nenhuma associação de disfunção tireoidiana subclínica e fatores psico-sociais (qualidade de vida, sintomas somáticos e psicológicos). Os resultados deste estudo transversal não suportam a prática de rastreamento rotineiro de disfunção tireoidiana subclínica. / Rational: Subclinical thyroid dysfunction is very common in clinical practice, particularly among middle-aged women. There is some evidence that subclinical thyroid dysfunction may affect cardiovascular risk in a negative fashion, and also affect quality of life and produce somatic and psychological symptoms. There remains much controversy as whether there should be a population based screening for these dysfunctions and whether treatment of these dysfunctions have any positive impact on clinical outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the approximate frequency of subclinical thyroid dysfunction and its association with traditional cardiovascular risk factors as well as some psychosocial factors in women 40 years of age or older at the worksite. Methods: Cross-sectional screening study with women 40 years of age or older, working at the University of São Paulo. All the women answered four specific questionnaires [a questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics, the Rose Angina Questionnaire, the Short Form Health Survey -36 (SF-36) and the Self- Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20)], had antropometric variables and blood pressure measured, and blood analyzed for total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, tryglicerides, fasting glucose, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free-thyroxine (free-T4) and anti-thyreoperoxidase antibodies (anti-TPO). In a sub-sample of these women high-sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured. Women were analyzed according to their thyroid function status. Results: Of the 736 women invited to participate, 314 (42.7%) accepted the invitation. The frequencies of subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism were, respectively, 7.3% and 5.1%. Positive antibodies against thyreoperoxidase were present in 51 women (16.2%). TSH levels < 10 mIU/l were present in 78.3% of women with subclinical hypothyroidism. There was no difference in general characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, psychosocial factors nor, in a general way, in quality of life among these women according to their thyroid function status. Conclusion: No association between cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical thyroid dysfunction was found. No association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and psychosocial factors (quality of life, somatic and psychological symptoms) was found either. The results of this cross-section study do not support the routine screening of subclinical thyroid dysfunction.
208

O sistema ubiquitina-proteassoma no modelo de hipertrofia cardíaca induzida por hormônio tireoidiano. / The ubiquitin proteasome system in thyroid hormone-induced cardiac hypertrophy model.

Lino, Caroline Antunes 13 June 2013 (has links)
Disfunções da glândula tireóide são, frequentemente, associadas a manifestações cardiovasculares e, em situações de hipertireoidismo, o coração hipertrofia. A hipertrofia cardíaca (HC) consiste em uma resposta adaptativa caracterizada pelo aumento de síntese de proteínas estruturais. O Sistema Ubiquitina Proteassoma (UPS) corresponde ao principal mecanismo de proteólise intracelular e crescentes evidências sugerem seu envolvimento no desenvolvimento da HC. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a modulação do UPS no tecido cardíaco de animais submetidos ao hipertireoidismo. Os resultados referentes ao aumento da atividade e expressão do proteassoma (PT) cardíaco apresenta-se mais contundente no grupo tratado por 7 dias, período em que a HC já encontra-se estável. Ao término de 14 e 21 dias, a modulação desse sistema tende à normalização. Os resultados obtidos atestam evidências da literatura que sugerem o aumento da atividade do PT cardíaco como resposta compensatória ao aumento de síntese proteica. / Thyroid gland disorders are often associated with cardiovascular events and hyperthyroidism state promotes cardiac hypertrophy (CH). CH consists in adaptive response characterized by increased synthesis of structural proteins. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is the major mechanism of intracellular proteolysis and increased evidences suggest its involvement in the development of CH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of UPS in cardiac tissue of animals subjected to hyperthyroidism. The results related to the increased proteasome (PT) activity and expression in the heart was more accentuated in the group treated for 7 days, when the CH process finds stable. At the end of 14 and 21 days of hyperthyroidism, the modulation of cardiac UPS achieves standard values. These results suggest an increased activity of cardiac PT as a compensatory response to protein synthesis induced by thyroid hormones.
209

Die postoperativen Komplikationen der Schilddrüsenchirurgie in den Jahren 1985 - 1996 im Universitätsklinikum Charité, Standort Rudolf-Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin

Wentrup, Robert 16 December 1999 (has links)
Anhand von 2019 Schilddrüsenoperationen, die in den Jahren 1985-1996 im Universitätsklinikum Charite, Standort Rudolf-Virchow-Klinikum in Berlin durchgeführt wurden, wird die Bedeutung der Operationstechnik und der Operationsindikation für die chirurgische Komplikationsrate untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 3471 Schilddrüsenlappen operiert. Anhand einer Nachuntersuchung und der direkten postoperativen Dokumentation ließen sich die postoperativen Komplikationen dokumentieren. Die Rate an transienten Rekurrensparesen betrug 4,5%, bei 0,7 der Operierten fanden sich permanente Paresen. Bezogen auf die "nerves at risk" fanden sich in 2,8% transiente und in 0,5% permanente Paresen. Die Darstellung des Nervus laryngeus rekurrens erwies sich in dieser Untersuchung als signifikant komplikationsärmer im Bezug auf permanente Paresen. Hier waren bei der Darstellung des Nervens 0,5% permanente Läsionen aufgetreten, im Gegensatz zu 0,9% permanenter Läsionen ohne Darstellung des Nerven. Der direkte Vergleich von Komplikationen der Hemithyreoidektomien und der kontralateralen subtotalen Resektion ergab keinen signifikanten Unterschied betreffs der Paresen. Die Hemithyreoidektomie mit kontralateraler subtotaler Resektion war im Vergleich zu der Thyreoidektomie oder der subtotalen Resektion beidseits die komplikationsärmste Operationsmöglichkeit. Eine postoperative Erniedrigung des Serumkalziumspiegels wurde bei 18,9% der Patienten festgestellt, aber nur 0,9% waren persistent. Die schilddrüsennahe Ligatur der Arteria thyroidea inferior ergab eine niedrigere Rate an postoperativen Hypokalzämien, die jedoch statistisch nicht signifikant war. Da aber weder eine erhöhte Rate an Rekurrensparesen, noch eine vermehrte Rezidivneigung zu befürchten ist, scheint die schilddrüsennahe Ligatur vorteilhafter zu sein. Unter 149 Rezidivoperationen fanden sich 126 "echte" Rezidive, die Rate an permanenten Rekurrensparesen betrug hier 1,6%, bezogen auf "nerves at risk". Die Rate an Hypokalzämien lag bei 23,8%, wovon 0,8% permanenter Natur waren. Patienten über 70 Jahre haben sowohl perioperativ, als auch postoperativ kein erhöhtes Risiko eine Komplikation zu erleiden, so daß Operationen an der Schilddrüse durchaus auch im hohen Alter gerechtfertigt werden können. / Abstract During the years from 1986 until 1996 2019 thyroid gland surgeries have been performed at the university clinic charite', campus virchow-clinic. That means 3471 thyroid gland lobes have been treated. This paper is investigating the complications directly caused by the surgical procedures. Data gained directly during surgery and 6 month after surgery allow a very detailed view on the complications. There have been 4.5% transient recurrent nerve palsies and 0.7% permanent. Data based on the "nerves at risk" show 2.8% transient and 0.5% permanent palsies. A direct comparison of hemithyroidectomy and near-total thyroidectomy on the contralateral side show no significant difference in permanent nerve palsies. The hemithyroidectomy with contralateral near-total thyroidectomy was the surgical procedure with the lowest rate of complications compared to the thyroidectomy or the near-total thyroidectomy of both lobes. Postoperative Hypocalcemia was seen in 18,9% of all patients, but only 0.9% suffered from permanent hypocalcemia. The ligature of the lower thyroid artery close to the thyroid gland showed lower rates of hypocalcemia , but the results haven't been statistically significant. There has not been a higher rate of nerve palsies or a higher rate of relapses, so the ligature close to the gland is recommended. 149 operations were necessary due to recurrent growth of the thyroid gland. There have been126 real relapses, the rate of permanent nerve palsy was 1,6% for the "nerves at risk". Hypocalcemia was found in 23,8% of all cases, 0.8% were permanent. Patients older than 70 years do not have a higher risks to suffer from complications than younger patients, so thyroid surgery should also be performed for the elderly.
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Distinção entre os tipos 1 e 2 de tireotoxicose associada à amiodarona por meio de dúplex-Doppler colorido / Differentiation between types 1 and 2 of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis using color duplex sonography

Tulio Augusto Alves Macedo 10 November 2006 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A amiodarona pode causar tireotoxicose, principalmente em áreas geográficas onde a ingestão de iodo é insuficiente. Dois tipos distintos de tireotoxicose associada à amiodarona (TAA) podem ser encontrados: A) o tipo 1 - a doença é secundária à sobrecarga de iodo (fenômeno Jod-Basedow), geralmente encontrada em indivíduos com doença tireóidea preexistente, B) o tipo 2 - quando a tireotoxicose deve-se a uma tireoidite destrutiva, com ruptura folicular e liberação do conteúdo folicular. A distinção entre os dois tipos é fundamental para a conduta terapêutica. Este estudo transversal, realizado no Instituto de Radiologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo entre janeiro de 2004 a março de 2006, objetivou: A) Demonstrar a utilidade da densidade de pixéis coloridos (DPC), parâmetro objetivo obtido por meio de programa de computador, na distinção entre os dois tipos de TAA. B) Determinar os melhores critérios objetivos de distinção entre os dois tipos de TAA por meio da ultra-sonografia dúplex-Doppler colorido da tireóide. C) Conhecer o grau de concordância intra-observadores e interobservadores dos padrões subjetivos de vascularização do parênquima tireóideo. MÉTODOS: Foram examinadas 158 glândulas tireóideas por meio de dúplex-Doppler colorido. Após passagem pelos critérios de seleção, 137 indivíduos foram divididos em quatro grupos: Grupo N (n = 84), grupo A (n = 30), grupo I (n = 14) e grupo II (n = 9), compostos por indivíduos normais, eutireóideos em uso de amiodarona, pacientes com tireotoxicose tipos 1 e 2, respectivamente. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos ao estudo dúplex-Doppler colorido da tireóide e testes laboratoriais. Os pacientes em tireotoxicose também realizaram captação de iodo radioativo em 24 horas. RESULTADOS: No grupo I, tanto a densidade de pixéis coloridos (DPC = 17,22 ± 20,81%) quanto as velocidades de pico sistólico nas artérias tireóideas superiores (VSTS = 38,54 ± 18,62 cm/s) e inferiores (VSTI = 35,35 ± 18,08 cm/s) foram maiores do que nos demais grupos (p < 0,05). As análises de concordância do padrão subjetivo de vascularização do parênquima tireóideo mostraram coeficientes kappa ponderado (kw) variando de 0,78 a 0,79 para intra-observadores e de 0,83 a 0,86 para interobservadores. CONCLUSÕES: A) A DPC tem, isoladamente, boa capacidade para distinguir os dois tipos de TAA. B) Os melhores critérios objetivos na distinção entre TAA tipos 1 e 2 são a DPC e as velocidades de pico sistólico nas artérias tireóideas. C) As análises subjetivas dos padrões de vascularização apresentam boa concordância tanto intra-observadores quanto interobservadores. / INTRODUCTION: Amiodarone can cause thyrotoxicosis, mainly in geographic insufficient iodine intake areas. Two different types of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis can be found: A) type 1 - it occurs in patients with preexistent thyroid disease, such as goiter or autonomous nodule, and the iodine load associated with amiodarone triggers increased synthesis of thyroid hormones (Jod-Basedow fenomenon), B) type 2 - a destructive thyroiditis is found, characterized by follicular rupture and release of its content. In order to treat appropriately, the differentiation between the two types is crucial. This transversal study, carried through at the Institute of Radiology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo from January 2004 to March 2006, aimed to: A) demonstrate the utility of the color pixel density (CPD), a semiquantitative parameter gotten by means of computer program, in the differentiation between the two types of AAT, B) verify the best objective criteria of distinction between the two types of AAT through the duplex-Doppler sonography of the thyroid, C) investigate the agreement intra and interobservers of the subjective classification of the thyroid vascularization. METHODS: thyroid glands of 158 subjects were examined by means of duplex-Doppler sonography. After all the selection criteria, 137 individuals were selected into four groups; group N (n = 84), group A (n = 30), group I (n = 14) and II (n = 9), compounded of normal individuals, euthyroids in use of amiodarone, and patients with thyrotoxicosis types 1 and 2, respectively. All the individuals were submitted to perform the duplex-Doppler sonography of the thyroid and laboratorial tests. Also, the patients with thyrotoxicosis had also carried through 24 hour radioactive iodine uptake. RESULTS: In the group I, not only the color pixel density (CPD = 17.22 ± 20.81%) but also the values of systolic peak velocity in the superior and the inferior thyroid arteries (SPVS = 38.54 ± 18.62 cm/s and SPVI = 35.35 ± 18.08 cm/s) were greater than in the other groups (p < 0.05). The subjective agreement analysis of the vascularization patterns showed kappa weighted (kw) coefficients varying between 0.78 and 0.79 for intra-observer, and 0.83 and 0.86 for interobserver analyses. CONCLUSIONS: A) CPD is separately able to distinguish the two types of AAT. B) The best objective criteria in the distinction between AAT types 1 and 2 are the color pixel density CPD and the peak systolic velocity in the thyroid arteries. C) The subjective analyses of the vascularization pattern show good and very good intraobserver and interobserver agreements.

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