Zeit ist ein fundamentaler Aspekt menschlichen Verhaltens. Während Untersuchungen bislang meist nur auf einem der drei Hauptaspekte der Zeit: Dauer, Zeitfolge und individuelle zeitliche Orientierung fokussierten, untersucht diese Dissertation Zusammenhänge zwischen der individuellen zeitlichen Orientierung und der Zeitfolge. Zeit ist nicht direkt wahrnehmbar, sondern an kognitive Abstraktionsprozesse gebunden. Diese benötigen kognitive Ressourcen und werden kognitiven Fähigkeiten beeinflusst. Daher wurden Zusammenhänge zwischen individueller zeitlicher Orientierung und allgemeinen kognitiven Fähigkeiten ebenfalls untersucht. Studie 1 analysiert, wie verschiedene Aspekte individueller zeitlicher Orientierung korreliert sind, und diese Korrelationen von Alter und Geschlecht beeinflusst sind. Studien 2 und 3a analysieren Zusammenhänge zwischen individueller zeitlicher Orientierung und der Zeitfolge. Studie 3b untersucht mittels einer geometrischen Analogieanforderung Korrelationen zwischen individueller zeitlicher Orientierung und höheren fluiden Intelligenzleistungen. Befunde zu Zeitperspektive-Chronotyp- Relationen sowie Zeithorizont-Chronotyp-Relationen werden berichtet, ebenso Zusammenhänge zwischen Zeitperspektive, Zeithorizont und der Zeitfolge. Ausgehend von diesen und früheren Befunden wird ein kognitives Modell vorgestellt, welches alle drei Aspekte psychologischer Zeit (Zeitdauer; Zeitfolge; individuelle zeitliche Orientierung) integriert. Ferner werden als Ergebnis der Studien Zusammenhänge zwischen der Zukunftsperspektive und fluider Intelligenz sowie Chronotyp und verbaler Intelligenz berichtet. Verhaltensdaten und psychophysiologische Daten (Pupillendilation) zeigen ferner Zusammenhänge zwischen individueller zeitlicher Orientierung, analogem Denken, exekutiven Funktionen und Konfliktverarbeitung. So scheinen Zukunftsperspektive und Morgentyp eng mit Konfliktverarbeitung verbunden, der Zeithorizont hingegen eng mit inhibierenden Kontrollprozessen. / Time is a fundamental aspect of human experience. Whilst most research investigated major aspects of psychological time - time duration, time succession, individual temporal orientation - in isolation, this dissertation investigates interrelations between individual temporal orientation and time succession. Since psychological time is bound to cognitive abstraction processes that rely on cognitive resources and functions, interrelations between individual temporal orientation and cognitive capacities were also investigated. Study 1 explored how different levels of individuals’ temporal orientation may be interrelated, and how interrelations may be influenced by age and sex. Interrelations between individual temporal orientation and time succession were explored in a task predominantly requiring crystallized intelligence (Study 2) and in a semantic analogy task requiring crystallized and fluid intelligence (Study 3a). Study 3b investigated interrelations between individual temporal orientation and higher-level fluid intelligence measures by applying a geometric analogy task. Interrelations between time perspective and chronotype as well as between chronotype and temporal depth are reported. Further, both future time perspective and temporal depth are interrelated with time succession. A testable global working memory model of time perception integrating all three aspects of psychological time is proposed. Further, interrelations between individual temporal orientation and cognitive capacities are reported. Future time perspective was related to fluid intelligence, chronotype to verbal intelligence. Behavioral as well as pupillary data suggest that individual temporal orientation is related to analogical reasoning, executive functions and goal management. Whereas future time perspective and morningness appear interrelated with conflict detection, temporal depth appears interrelated with inhibitory control.

The diploma thesis investigates the subjective perception of time, especially the exactness of the interval length estimation, subjective passage of time, in relation to the time perspective, the level of difficulty in emotion regulation and age. Furthermore, the thesis investigates differences in retrospective and prospective paradigm in interval length estimate. Research was conducted online, with a total number of 180 respondents. Data collection had occurred during a 4 month period. Main instruments were the Czech versions of the ZTPI - Zimbardo's time perspective inventory and the DERS-SF-CZ - Difficulty in emotion regulation scale; moreover, for the declaration of subjective passage of time was employed a method of verbal estimation. Subjective interval length was registered after finishing rewriting of two short texts. The results have showed statistically significant relationships between subjective passage of time and age; between the level of difficulty in emotion regulation and subjective passage of time. Amongst the persons orientated onto positive and negative past, there was found a significant relationship between the subjective passage of time and the difficulty in emotion regulation. Results have also shown that the interval length is overestimated in both, prospective and...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaquelFD_DISSERT.pdf: 1009216 bytes, checksum: f857701876f550ec34f702bc663e127e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The pro-ecological commitment (CPE) constitutes an important topic within Person- Environment Studies, here seen as a predisposition to practices that result in environmental protection. Under the framework of sustainability, the concept of sustainable behavior emerges, covering, in addition to CPE, new psychological dimensions such as: the future time perspective (PTF) and the ecological worldviews (VEM). The current study intended to explore the concept of sustainable behavior of university students, by means of the association among some of its dimensions: CPE, PTF and VEM. For this purpose, 380 undergraduate students of biology, ecology, nursing, geography, and social service answered a form containing: socio-demographic questionnaire, a question on self-assessment of environmental care, the Scale of Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Environmentalisms, the Scale Consideration of Future Consequences, and the Scale Ecological Worldviews. Based on descriptive and correlational procedures, it was found that 78% of the participants practice or have practiced environmental care (caregivers) and the spread of information has been the practice more frequently reported, and the source of influence for such practices were the school, social networks, and the contact with nature It was also observed the association between practice of environmental care and ecocentric environmentalism, consideration of future consequences and egalitarian worldview (worldview of fragile nature). The lack of environmental care was associated with anthropocentric environmentalism, apathy, and individualistic worldview (worldview of passivity). As expected, and suggested by the literature, positive association were found between the sustainable behavior dimensions investigated in this study and the practice of environmental care / O compromisso pr?-ecol?gico (CPE) se constitui como t?pico importante no ?mbito dos estudos pessoa-ambiente, sendo entendido como uma postura frente ?s quest?es ambientais que predisp?e pr?ticas que resultam na prote??o do meio ambiente. Sob o referencial da sustentabilidade, emerge a no??o de conduta sustent?vel que, al?m do CPE, abarca novas dimens?es psicol?gicas, entre elas: a perspectiva temporal de futuro (PTF) e as vis?es ecol?gicas de mundo (VEM). O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral explorar, com estudantes universit?rios, a no??o de conduta sustent?vel, por meio da associa??o entre algumas dimens?es que a comp?em: CPE, PTF e VEM. Para tanto, 380 alunos dos cursos de biologia, ecologia, enfermagem, geografia e servi?o social responderam a um formul?rio contendo: question?rio sociodemogr?fico, uma quest?o sobre auto-avalia??o da pr?tica de cuidado ambiental, a Escala de Ambientalismos Ecoc?ntrico e Antropoc?ntrico, a Escala de Considera??o de Consequ?ncias Futuras, e a Escala de Vis?es Ecol?gicas de Mundo. A partir das inter-rela??es entre vari?veis, feitas por via de procedimentos descritivos e correlacionais, observou-se que 78% dos participantes pratica ou j? praticou cuidado ambiental (cuidadores), tendo sido a propaga??o de informa??o a pr?tica mais frequentemente relatada, e a escola, o contato com a natureza e a rede social as influ?ncias recebidas para estas pr?ticas. Observou-se, tamb?m, a associa??o da pr?tica de cuidado ambiental com o ambientalismo ecoc?ntrico, a considera??o de consequ?ncias futuras e a vis?o de mundo igualit?ria (vis?o de natureza fr?gil). A aus?ncia de cuidado ambiental esteve associada com o ambientalismo antropoc?ntrico e a apatia, e com a vis?o ecol?gica de mundo individualista (vis?o passiva). Tal como esperado e sugerido na literatura, foi constatada a exist?ncia de associa??es positivas entre as dimens?es da conduta sustent?vel investigadas neste estudo e a pr?tica de cuidado ambiental

Not available / text

Not available / text

No description available.

In this study the ownership, governance and funding of schools in South Africa are examined in time perspective in order to show the development of the above-mentioned aspects in South Africa through the ages, and to provide recommendations for the future. In the historical survey the ownership, governance and funding of schools in South Africa from 1652 to 2004 are indicated. This has been done for the Whites, Coloureds, Indians and Blacks. The historical pattern of the provision of education in South Africa has often changed during the period under discussion. The education of Whites, Coloureds, Indians and Blacks was provided, and funded separately (1652 to 1993). Imbalances and inequities were common phenomena. Attempts to address the above issues (1994 to 2004) are also indicated. Finally, some recommendations for redressing the present imbalances and inequities with regard to the above three aspects are provided. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (History of Education)

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambandet mellan individers olika tidsperspektiv (TP) med deras rörelse i samhället och mängd av fysiska kontakter i relation till de nationella rekommendationerna om fysisk distansering under COVID-19-pandemin. En studie (n = 52) utfördes med syftet av att samla grundläggande information om deltagarna tillsammans med ett mått av deras respektive TP utifrån den korta versionen av Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI). Efter rekrytering skickades dagliga enkäter till varje deltagare under en vecka för att samla data om deras dagliga aktiviteter innehållandes bl.a. rörelser och sociala interaktioner. En kvantitativ mätning analyserades utifrån deltagarnas antal besök på diverse ställen i samhället samt mängden av fysiska kontakter under en veckas deltagande. Hypotesen var att deltagares poäng på FP-dimensionen från S-ZTPI skulle visa ett negativt samband mellan antalet besökta platser och mängden av fysiska kontakter. Deltagares poäng på PH-dimensionen förväntades i stället att visa ett positivt samband mellan antalet besökta platser och mängden av fysiska kontakter. Resultaten visade inget signifikant samband mellan varken TP (PH och FP) och aktivitet eller TP och mängd fysiska kontakter under en veckas tids medverkande i studien. / The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between individuals different time perspectives (TP), movement in their community and amount of psychical contacts in relation to the national recommendations about physical distancing during the COVID-19-pandemic. A study (n = 52) was conducted with the purpose of collecting basic information about the participants along with a measure of their respective TP using the short version of the Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI). After recruitment, daily questionnaires were sent to each participant during a week to collect data about their daily activities involving e.g. movement and social interactions. A quantitative measure was analyzed using participants number of places visited in their community along with the amount of physical contacts during a week’s participation. The hypothesis of this thesis was that participants score on the FP-dimension from the S-ZTPI would be negatively related to the number of places visited and the amount of physical contacts. In contrast, participants PH-score was expected to be positively related with number of places visited and the amount of physical contacts. The results showed no significant relation between neither TP (PH and FP) and activity or TP and physical contacts during a week’s participation in the study.

Title:  Do new companies take the same responsibility for our environment and community as established companies? A quantitative study of the connection between CSR and initial public offerings compared to established companies.  Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor´s Degree in Business Administration Author: Alexander Gunnari and Andreas Larsson Supervisor: Jan Svanberg Date: 2020 – May Aim: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) have the past decades increased to meet expectations and demands of both the company’s stakeholders and the community at large. During the 2000s until today we have seen an increasing number of companies that seeks capital by an initial public offering on a stock exchange. Do these new listed companies take as much responsibilities as older more established companies? The aim is to investigate the connection between CSR and time on stock exchange for listed companies in the EU. Further will the connections between the three dimensions of CSR, environment, social and governance be investigated separately against listed time on the stock market.  Method: The study is based on a positivistic research philosophy and a hypothetico-deductive approach. The study has designed four hypothesis that undergo an empirical review. Secondary data is collected from the database Thomson Reuters Datastream to answer these hypotheses. The sample consist of 478 publicly traded companies in the EU. The statistical software platform SPSS have been used to analyze the sample.  Result & Conclusions: The study gives proof of the hypothesis that CSR measured as ESG score, social and environmental have a positive connection with the company's time on a stock exchange. The longer a company has been listed on a stock exchange the higher the scores are to be expected. The fourth hypothesis, m governance, does not show statistic significance against listed time. The conclusion is that a company´s listed time have a positive impact on CSR.  Contribution of the thesis: This study provides evidence for that the longer a company have been listed on a stock exchange, the more work is to be expected in CSR, which leads to higher ESG score. The contribution can be of use in both practical and theoretical ways for several stakeholders and enables these to see indications in cases where something does not seem right. Suggestions for future research: This study opens for continued research in many aspects. There are notable differences in for instance the sectors and countries. Maybe a more hands-on approach to qualitative investigate CSR and the initial public offering with its prospects. Key words: CSR, ESG, Initial public offering, Time perspective, Sustainability, Social dimension, Environmental dimension and Governance dimension. / Titel: Tar nya bolag lika stort ansvar för miljö och samhället som etablerade bolag? En kvantitativ studie av sambandet mellan CSR och nyintroduktioner jämfört med etablerade bolag. Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Alexander Gunnari och Andreas Larsson Handledare: Jan Svanberg Datum: 2020 - maj Syfte: Företags samhällsansvar och sociala ansvarstagande (CSR) har de senaste årtiondena ökat för att möta förväntningar och krav som finns bland både företagets intressenter och samhället i stort. Under 2000-talet fram till idag har antalet företag som söker sig till börsen genom nyintroduktion ökat jämfört med tidigare. Tar dessa nya börsbolag ansvar likt äldre och mer etablerade bolag? Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambandet mellan CSR och tid på börsen för börsnoterade bolag inom EU. Dessutom undersöks sambanden mellan de tre dimensionerna av CSR, miljö, social och bolagsstyrning var för sig med tid på börsen. Metod: Studien utgår från en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi med en hypotetisk-deduktiv ansats. Studien utformar fyra hypoteser som genomgår en empirisk granskning. Sekundärdata för att besvara hypoteser är inhämtad från databasen Thomson Reuters Datastream och består av 478 publika börsbolag inom EU. Statistikprogrammet SPSS används sedan för att analysera materialet.  Resultat & slutsats: Studien besvarar och ger bevis för hypoteserna om att CSR mätt som ESG score och miljödimensionen samt den sociala dimensionen har ett positivt samband med företags tid på börsen stämmer. Ju längre ett bolag har varit på börsen desto högre poäng förväntas i dessa kategorier. Studiens fjärde hypotes om dimensionen bolagsstyrning visar inte på statistisk signifikans i sambandet mot företags tid på börsen. Studiens slutsats av resultatet är att företagens tid på börsen har en positiv påverkan på CSR. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till att ge bevis om att ju längre ett bolag har varit på börsen desto större arbete inom CSR förväntas, vilket leder till högre ESG poäng. Bidraget kan vara till både praktisk och teoretisk nytta för en rad intressenter och möjliggöra för dessa att se indikationer på att något inte står rätt till. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Studien öppnar upp för fortsatt forskning inom en rad aspekter. Studien noterar skillnader inom bland annat sektorer och länder. En öppning ses mot att mer handfast och kvalitativt undersöka CSR och nyintroduktioner med dess prospekt. Alternativt att göra en liknande studie på andra finansiella marknader än Europa. Nyckelord: CSR, ESG, Nyintroduktion (IPO), Greenwashing, Tidsperspektiv, Hållbarhetsarbete, Social dimension, Miljödimension och Bolagsstyrningsdimension.

The thesis concerns factors that affect the intensity of MMORPG playing and the gaming addiction symptoms. In the theoretical part, I discuss approaches to the excessive and problematic gaming. I argue for the shift of perspective from gaming addiction disorder toward self-regulation, time perspective, activity theory and habitual regulation. Two inventory-based studies were conducted in order to empirically verify the effect of proposed variables on MMORPG usage. First, the significant role of Time Perspective (TP), measured by Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), has been confirmed. Second, the habitual regulation had been identified to significantly affect the usage. The habits related to usage were measured by the new psychometrical tool - Cues Sensitivity Scale (CSS). TP and habits influence the usage together - the effect of TP is partially mediated through Cues Sensitivity as well as through the players' deliberate regulation of playing time. All measured variables showed stability in time (measured after three years in subset of respondents). Data was analyzed with statistical methods, mainly with Partial-Least-Squares Path- Modelling (PLS-PM). The part of the data - respondents' strategies of playing time regulation - were analyzed qualitatively.